Graph-based approaches for simulating pedestrian dynamics in building models

2010 ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Höcker ◽  
Volker Berkhahn ◽  
Angelika Kneidl ◽  
André Borrmann ◽  
Wolfram Klein
Keyword(s):  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Building Models

DYNAMIC AND THERMAL INTERFERENCE EFFECTS ON TWO NEIGHBOURING BUILDING MODELS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
S. V. Korobkov ◽  
A. I. Gnyrya ◽  
V. I. Terekhov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Mutual Effect ◽  
Convective Heat Exchange ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Heat Flows ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Thermal Interference

The paper considers the dynamic and thermal interference effects on two neighbouring building models in the form of square prisms arranged at a short distance from each other. It is shown how relative positions of the models affect the specific phenomena caused by the airflow interactions.The aim of this paper is to experimentally study the dynamic and thermal interference of a tandem of two building models in the form of square prisms depending on their relative position.The phenomenon of wind loads on buildings and structures has always attracted great interest among engineers and researchers. With the accumulation of knowledge and technical capabilities, the potential for likely ways to study wind flows and their impact on different objects increased. In recent years, the world science has accumulated an extensive knowledge base on wind impacts on objects of various shapes, such as prisms, pyramids, cylinders, etc. Studies are carried out for their mutual impact of several objects on changes in both the wind load and heat exchange. Their mutual effect on the air motion and turbulence is considered.There are two main areas in the field of the wind impact. The first impact is the force load on building, the second is the wind as a source of convective heat exchange. The object of this study is the interference parameters allowing to assess the influence on the field of pressure and heat recoil of disturbances evoked in front of the barriers.At the first stage, physical models help to study the pressure field on different facets and ratios of the local and medium heat exchange under the forced convection conditions. The next step is to jointly consider the wind (dynamic) load and heat flows, attempting to detect the total contribution to changes depending on the reciprocal model arrangement. All experiments are performed in the aerodynamic tube, at the TSUAB department. It is shown that the dynamic and thermal interference ratios vary greatly in two building models. At the same time, the thermal interference is very conservative compared to the dynamic. Using the interference parameters, it is easy to analyze the extreme pressure and the heat flow on the model surface depending on a large number of factors, including their arrangement.

Building models for spatial analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Building Models

PIOPLE. INFORMATION. DEGRADATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Andrey Varlamov ◽  
Vladimir Rimshin
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Mathematical Theory ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Link Information ◽  
The Relationship

Considered the issues of interaction between man and nature. Noted that this interaction is fundamental in the existence of modern civilization. The question of possible impact on nature and society with the aim of preserving the existence of human civilization. It is shown that the study of this issue goes towards the crea-tion of models of interaction between nature and man. Determining when building models is information about the interaction of man and nature. Considered information theory from the viewpoint of interaction between nature and man. Noted that currently information theory developed mainly as a mathematical theory. The issues of interaction of man and nature, the availability and existence of information in the material sys-tem is not studied. Indicates the link information with the energy terms control large flows of energy. For con-sideration of the interaction of man and nature proposed to use the theory of degradation. Graphs are pre-sented of the information in the history of human development. Reviewed charts of population growth. As a prediction it is proposed to use the simplest based on the theory of degradation. Consideration of the behav-ior of these dependencies led to the conclusion about the existence of communication energy and information as a feature of the degradation of energy. It justifies the existence of border life ( including humanity) at the point with maximum information. Shows the relationship of energy and time using potential energy.

scholarly journals Seismic Damage Semantics on Post-Earthquake LOD3 Building Models Generated by UAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Chaidas ◽  
George Tataris ◽  
Nikolaos Soulakellis
Keyword(s):  
Point Clouds ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Earthquake Scenario ◽  
Geography Markup Language ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Building Walls ◽  
Oblique Images

In a post-earthquake scenario, the semantic enrichment of 3D building models with seismic damage is crucial from the perspective of disaster management. This paper aims to present the methodology and the results for the Level of Detail 3 (LOD3) building modelling (after an earthquake) with the enrichment of the semantics of the seismic damage based on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98). The study area is the Vrisa traditional settlement on the island of Lesvos, Greece, which was affected by a devastating earthquake of Mw = 6.3 on 12 June 2017. The applied methodology consists of the following steps: (a) unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) nadir and oblique images are acquired and photogrammetrically processed for 3D point cloud generation, (b) 3D building models are created based on 3D point clouds and (c) 3D building models are transformed into a LOD3 City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) standard with enriched semantics of the related seismic damage of every part of the building (walls, roof, etc.). The results show that in following this methodology, CityGML LOD3 models can be generated and enriched with buildings’ seismic damage. These models can assist in the decision-making process during the recovery phase of a settlement as well as be the basis for its monitoring over time. Finally, these models can contribute to the estimation of the reconstruction cost of the buildings.

scholarly journals Learning Subject-Generalized Topographical EEG Embeddings Using Deep Variational Autoencoders and Domain-Adversarial Regularization

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1792
Author(s):  
Juan Hagad ◽  
Tsukasa Kimura ◽  
Ken-ichi Fukui ◽  
Masayuki Numao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Emotion Classification ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Neural Network Architecture ◽  
Building Models ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Data Constraints ◽  
Input Level ◽  
Normally Distributed

Two of the biggest challenges in building models for detecting emotions from electroencephalography (EEG) devices are the relatively small amount of labeled samples and the strong variability of signal feature distributions between different subjects. In this study, we propose a context-generalized model that tackles the data constraints and subject variability simultaneously using a deep neural network architecture optimized for normally distributed subject-independent feature embeddings. Variational autoencoders (VAEs) at the input level allow the lower feature layers of the model to be trained on both labeled and unlabeled samples, maximizing the use of the limited data resources. Meanwhile, variational regularization encourages the model to learn Gaussian-distributed feature embeddings, resulting in robustness to small dataset imbalances. Subject-adversarial regularization applied to the bi-lateral features further enforces subject-independence on the final feature embedding used for emotion classification. The results from subject-independent performance experiments on the SEED and DEAP EEG-emotion datasets show that our model generalizes better across subjects than other state-of-the-art feature embeddings when paired with deep learning classifiers. Furthermore, qualitative analysis of the embedding space reveals that our proposed subject-invariant bi-lateral variational domain adversarial neural network (BiVDANN) architecture may improve the subject-independent performance by discovering normally distributed features.

scholarly journals Exceptional Mechanical Properties and Heat Resistance of Photocurable Bismaleimide Ink for 3D Printing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1708
Author(s):  
Wenqiang Hua ◽  
Qilang Lin ◽  
Bo Qu ◽  
Yanyu Zheng ◽  
Xiaoying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Amino Group ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Fast Processing ◽  
Forming Precision ◽  
Complex Structural

Photosensitive resins used in three-dimensional (3D) printing are characterized by high forming precision and fast processing speed; however, they often possess poor mechanical properties and heat resistance. In this study, we report a photocurable bismaleimide ink with excellent comprehensive performance for stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing. First, the main chain of bismaleimide with an amino group (BDM) was synthesized, and then, the glycidyl methacrylate was grafted to the amino group to obtain the bismaleimide oligomer with an unsaturated double bond. The oligomers were combined with reaction diluents and photo-initiators to form photocurable inks that can be used for SLA 3D printing. The viscosity and curing behavior of the inks were studied, and the mechanical properties and heat resistance were tested. The tensile strength of 3D-printed samples based on BDM inks could reach 72.6 MPa (166% of that of commercial inks), glass transition temperature could reach 155 °C (205% of that of commercial inks), and energy storage modulus was 3625 MPa at 35 °C (327% of that of commercial inks). The maximum values of T-5%, T-50%, and Tmax of the 3D samples printed by BDM inks reached 351.5, 449.6, and 451.9 °C, respectively. These photocured BDM inks can be used to produce complex structural components and models with excellent mechanical and thermal properties, such as car parts, building models, and pipes.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis for Microscopic Crowd Simulation

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Marion Gödel ◽  
Rainer Fischer ◽  
Gerta Köster
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Dimensional Subspace ◽  
Crowd Simulation ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Expensive Problems ◽  
Influential Parameters ◽  
Typical Scenario

Microscopic crowd simulation can help to enhance the safety of pedestrians in situations that range from museum visits to music festivals. To obtain a useful prediction, the input parameters must be chosen carefully. In many cases, a lack of knowledge or limited measurement accuracy add uncertainty to the input. In addition, for meaningful parameter studies, we first need to identify the most influential parameters of our parametric computer models. The field of uncertainty quantification offers standardized and fully automatized methods that we believe to be beneficial for pedestrian dynamics. In addition, many methods come at a comparatively low cost, even for computationally expensive problems. This allows for their application to larger scenarios. We aim to identify and adapt fitting methods to microscopic crowd simulation in order to explore their potential in pedestrian dynamics. In this work, we first perform a variance-based sensitivity analysis using Sobol’ indices and then crosscheck the results by a derivative-based measure, the activity scores. We apply both methods to a typical scenario in crowd simulation, a bottleneck. Because constrictions can lead to high crowd densities and delays in evacuations, several experiments and simulation studies have been conducted for this setting. We show qualitative agreement between the results of both methods. Additionally, we identify a one-dimensional subspace in the input parameter space and discuss its impact on the simulation. Moreover, we analyze and interpret the sensitivity indices with respect to the bottleneck scenario.

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