A scalable parametric approximation to multi-normal probability integrals

2010 ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Probability ◽  
Parametric Approximation

Potential Use of Aquatic Macrophytes to Enhance the Treatment of Septic Tank Liquids

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Perdomo ◽  
C. Bangueses ◽  
J. Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Floating Macrophyte ◽  
Potential Use

In several urban and suburban areas, the problem of the disposal and treatment of septic tank liquids has not been solved yet. This paper deals with the primary operational evaluation of a conventional system of ponds used at Tarariras, in the Department of Colonia, Uruguay, as well as the potential use of aquatic macrophytes to enhance such treatment. The conventional system was sampled over a period of approximately one month at the end of the summer in order to determine the main parameters. Groups of up to 20 samples were studied to determine the normal distributions. Correlation coefficients were obtained for the normal probability plot between 0.84 and 0.99. The most relevant statistical characteristics were calculated for each parameter. The removal efficiency was 80.0% of BOD5, 58.5% of COD, 75.8% of NH4+-N, 9.5% of PO4−3-P and 38.5% of TSS. At the same time, batch and semi-continuous trials were carried out at bench scale with Eichhornia crassipes (floating macrophyte) and Typha latifolia (emergent macrophyte). The best efficiencies were obtained for the latter, with values of 96.6% of BOD5, 93.0% of COD, 99.6% of NH4+-N, 95.2% of PO4−3-P and 95.5% of TSS. It was concluded that constructed wetlands could be the answer to a more complete treatment process.

scholarly journals Integration of various scales for measurement of insomnia

2021 ◽  
pp. 263208432110100
Author(s):  
Satyendra Nath Chakrabartty
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Equivalent Test ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Levels

Background Scales for evaluating insomnia differ in number of items, response format, and result in different scores distributions and score ranges and may not facilitate meaningful comparisons. Objectives Transform ordinal item-scores of three scales of insomnia to continuous, equidistant, monotonic, normally distributed scores, avoiding limitations of summative scoring of Likert scales. Methods Equidistant item-scores by weighted sum using data-driven weights to different levels of different items, considering cell frequencies of Item-Levels matrix, followed by normalization and conversion to [1, 10]. Equivalent test-scores (as sum of transformed item- scores) for a pair of scales were found by Normal Probability curves. Empirical illustration given. Results Transformed test-scores are continuous, monotonic and followed Normal distribution with no outliers and tied scores. Such test-scores facilitate ranking, better classification and meaningful comparison of scales of different lengths and formats and finding equivalent score combinations of two scales. For a given value of transformed test-score of a scale, easy alternate method avoiding integration proposed to find equivalent scores of another scales. Equivalent scores of scales help to relate various cut-off scores of different scales and uniformity in interpretations. Integration of various scales of insomnia is achieved by finding one-to-one correspondence among the equivalent score of various scales with correlation over 0.99 Conclusion Resultant test-scores facilitated undertaking analysis in parametric set up. Considering the theoretical advantages including meaningfulness of operations, better comparison, use of such method of transforming scores of Likert items/test is recommended test and items, Future studies were suggested.

scholarly journals THE FLICKER RESPONSE CONTOUR FOR PHRYNOSOMA (HORNED LIZARD; CONE RETINA)

1941 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Crozier ◽  
Ernst Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Level ◽  
Flash Intensity ◽  
Flicker Response ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Probability Integral

The lizard Phrynosoma, with purely cone retina, provides a simplex flicker response contour (log critical flash intensity as a function of flash frequency). It is well described as a normal probability integral (F - log I). The Phrynosoma curve differs markedly, in higher slope and in higher median intensity level, from that obtained under the same conditions for the turtle Pseudemys, also with entirely cone retina. Other comparisons having a bearing on the duplexity doctrine are discussed.

scholarly journals Stock Market Trading Rules Discovery Based on Biclustering Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Xue ◽  
Zhiwen Liu ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
Zhihao Ma ◽  
Meizhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Price ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Trading Rules ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Local Patterns ◽  
Short Term Prediction ◽  
Stock Market Trading ◽  
The Impact

The prediction of stock market’s trend has become a challenging task for a long time, which is affected by a variety of deterministic and stochastic factors. In this paper, a biclustering algorithm is introduced to find the local patterns in the quantized historical data. The local patterns obtained are regarded as the trading rules. Then the trading rules are applied in the short term prediction of the stock price, combined with the minimum-error-rate classification of the Bayes decision theory under the assumption of multivariate normal probability model. In addition, this paper also makes use of the idea of the stream mining to weaken the impact of historical data on the model and update the trading rules dynamically. The experiment is implemented on real datasets and the results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Restricted quasi-score estimating functions for sample survey data

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (A) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Y.-X. Lin ◽  
D. Steel ◽  
R. L Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Sample Surveys ◽  
Estimating Functions ◽  
Limit Theory ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Probability Structure ◽  
Sample Survey Data

This paper applies the theory of the quasi-likelihood method to model-based inference for sample surveys. Currently, much of the theory related to sample surveys is based on the theory of maximum likelihood. The maximum likelihood approach is available only when the full probability structure of the survey data is known. However, this knowledge is rarely available in practice. Based on central limit theory, statisticians are often willing to accept the assumption that data have, say, a normal probability structure. However, such an assumption may not be reasonable in many situations in which sample surveys are used. We establish a framework for sample surveys which is less dependent on the exact underlying probability structure using the quasi-likelihood method.

Normal Probability Curve

1979 ◽  
pp. 82-114
Author(s):  
Albert K. Kurtz ◽  
Samuel T. Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Probability Curve ◽  
Normal Probability

scholarly journals Pengaruh Opini Audit Terhadap Earnings Response Coefficient

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-83
Author(s):  
Maria Stefani Osesoga ◽  
Jimmy Ardianto
Keyword(s):  
Investment Decision ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Normal Probability Plot ◽  
Audit Opinion ◽  
Earnings Response Coefficient ◽  
Earnings Information ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Response Coefficient ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Earnings Response

The users of financial statements require quality and relevant earnings information to be used in decision-making process. The purpose of this study is to determine the significant effect of audit opinion information that contained in the companies' annual report against the quality and relevance earnings information, which measured by Earning Response Coefficient or ERC. This research used control variables, which are beta, leverage, and PBV. The tests conducted in this study were normality test using normal probability plot, the autocorrelation test using Durbin-Watson, multicollinearity test using the value of tolerance and VIF, and heteroscedasticity test using the scatter plot graphic. The hypotheses were tested by using multiple regressions.  The results of the study showed that PBV had significant impact on ERC, and indicated that investors had not appreciated the audit opinion information disclosed by the companies in their annual reports for their investment decision. Keywords: Audit Opinion, Beta, Earnings Response Coefficient, Leverage, Price to Book Value.

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