Innovative timber constructions

2010 ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
A Reis
Keyword(s):  
Timber Constructions

scholarly journals Protection as a Mean to Increase the Sustainability of Wood Structures

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Calin CORDUBAN ◽  
Giovanna BOCHICCHIO ◽  
Andrea POLASTRI ◽  
Ario CECCOTTI
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Wood Structures ◽  
Fire Propagation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Materials Used

Timber has been rediscovered as the building material of choice in recent years, especially in industrialised countries, with the shift of focus on attitudes towards sustainability that include use of natural resources and reduction of CO 2 emissions in manufacturing building materials. The environmental qualities of wood (energy-efficiency, healphy building material, ability to be recycled) are matched by few materials used in constructions nowadays, makeing it suitable for a wide range of applications. The combustibility of wood is limiting its use in construction, an important weakness in terms of sustainability, as health and cost issues constitute essential conditions in sustainability assessment methods. Arguably, fire safety constitutes the foremost precondition in choosing wood as the building material. In the case of fire, wood burns on the surface, releases energy and contributes to the fire propagation and spread of smoke. In order to insure greater safety for timber constructions, both passive and active measures of fire protection can be implemented, with the main objectives of improving the security of occupants, limitations of financial loss, protection of the environment in the case of fire. Despite the fear of using wood, the material has a better behavior in terms of fire than assumed, and even with structures more susceptible at fire risks, such as platform framing, measures can be taken in order to improve safety, as further explained in the article. The article analyses the concept of sustainability and the extent to which timber constructions observe these criteria, focusing on the means of increasing safety by fire protection methods with respect to the environment.

scholarly journals Reinforcement of timber beams with carbon fibers reinforced plastics

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gugutsidze ◽  
F. Draškovič
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Reinforced Beams ◽  
Modern Engineering ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Timber Beams

Reinforcement of timber beams with carbon fibers reinforced plasticsWood is a polymeric material with many valuable features and which also lacks some negative features. In order to keep up with high construction rates and the minimization of negative effects, wood has become one of the most valuable materials in modern engineering. But the use of timber material economically is also an actual problem in order to protect the environment and improve natural surroundings. A panel of scientists is interested in solving these problems and in creating rational structures, where timber can be used efficiently. These constructions are as follows: glue-laminated (gluelam), composed and reinforced wooden constructions. Composed and reinforced wooden constructions are examined less, but according to researches already carried out, it is clear that significant work can be accomplished in creating rational, highly effective and economic timber constructions. The paper deals with research on the formation of composed fiber-reinforced beams (CFRP) made of timber and provide evidence of their effectiveness. The aim of the paper is to investigate cross-bending of CFRP-reinforced gluelaminated timber beams. According to the results we were able to determine the additional effectiveness of reinforcement with CFRP (which depends on the CFRP material's quality, quantity and module of elasticity) on the mechanical features of timber and a whole beam.

Structural assessment of a lapped scarf joint applied to historical timber constructions in central Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kunecký ◽  
Hana Hasníková ◽  
Michal Kloiber ◽  
Jaromír Milch ◽  
Václav Sebera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Structural Assessment ◽  
Scarf Joint ◽  
Timber Constructions

scholarly journals Research into Customer Preferences of Potential Buyers of Simple Wood-based Houses for the Purpose of Using the Target Costing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Potkány ◽  
Monika Škultétyová
Keyword(s):  
Target Costing ◽  
Target Price ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Customer Preference ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Customer Preferences ◽  
Target Cost ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Specialized Exhibition

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present the results of a research into the customer preferences of potential buyers of simple wood-based house for the purpose of using the Target Costing methodology. Respondents’ opinions of 280 customers were obtained through direct interviews taking place at a specialized exhibition of furniture and timber constructions in Slovakia. The object of the research was a simple wood-based house, namely a weekend garden cottage, made of northern spruce at the level of target price 9,320 €. The paper contribution is represented by the use of the Target Costing methodology in the conditions of wood-processing industry while defining the customer preference for a specific product with the subsequent use for a functional cost analysis and determining the target cost index of the evaluated components. Presented results can be used as information database for decision making in the field of make or buy decisions at the level of fixed purchase prices of individual components or as the upper price limit for producing the components by the business itself.

Case Study of Chimney and Flue Fires in Timber Constructions in Slovak Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Juraj Olbřímek ◽  
Zuzana Lišková ◽  
Soňa Leitnerová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Timber Constructions

In the past, due to a harmonization of standards of the Slovak Republic to European Union standards, there was the amendment of Act no. 455/1991 Coll. on small business. Based on adjustments related regulations was a canceled competence requirement of persons performing regular cleaning and inspection of the chimney. According to statistics of Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic is a chimney still one of the most common reasons of fire in residential buildings. The article deals with the analysis of fires caused by chimneys and flues. The main goal is to point out the necessity to solve this problem by stricter regulations on testing and approval of the chimney.

The Comparative Analysis of External Walls in a Passive House with Respect to Environment and Energy

2013 ◽  
Vol 649 ◽  
pp. 258-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Baďurová ◽  
Radoslav Ponechal
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Timber Frame ◽  
Voluntary Standards ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Concrete Blocks

The term "passive house" refers to rigorous and voluntary standards for energy efficiency in a building, reducing its ecological footprint. There are many ways how to build a passive house successfully. These designs as well as construction techniques vary from ordinary timber constructions using packs of straw or constructions of clay. This paper aims to quantify environmental quality of external walls in a passive house, which are made of a timber frame, lightweight concrete blocks and sand-lime bricks in order to determine whether this constructional form provides improved environmental performance. Furthermore, this paper assesses potential benefit of energy savings at heating of houses in which their external walls are made of these three material alternatives. A two-storey residential passive house, with floorage of 170.6 m2, was evaluated. Some measurements of air and surface temperatures were done as a calibration etalon for a method of simulation.

Research of Fire-Retardant Properties of Timber Constructions, Protected Geocement-Based Coating, after their Operation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1122 ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Kravchenko ◽  
Sergii Guzii ◽  
Yurii Tsapko ◽  
Vít Petranek
Keyword(s):  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties ◽  
One Year ◽  
Duration Of Operation

Was conducted survey of condition and fire-retardant properties of surface of timber constructions, protected by coating on geocement-based, after their operation under atmospheric conditions. For a comprehensive assessment of fire-retardant determined following characteristics: type of corrosive environment; duration of operation of structural elements coated; coating thickness and integrity; cracks; adhesion of the coating to the timber; determination of the fire-retardant properties of the coating. Assessment of the results obtained, despite the significant deterioration in the appearance of geocement-based coating retains its primary function, fire protection, having after one year of operation, – 1 group of combustibility.

scholarly journals Mechanical Characterization of Timber-to-Timber Composite (TTC) Joints with Self-Tapping Screws in a Standard Push-Out Setup

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6534
Author(s):  
Chiara Bedon ◽  
Martina Sciomenta ◽  
Massimo Fragiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Technical Interest ◽  
Push Out

Self-tapping screws (STSs) can be efficiently used in various fastening solutions for timber constructions and are notoriously able to offer high stiffness and load-carrying capacity, compared to other timber-to-timber composite (TTC) joint typologies. The geometrical and mechanical characterization of TTC joints, however, is often hard and uncertain, due to a combination of various influencing parameters and mechanical aspects. Among others, the effects of friction phenomena between the system components and their reciprocal interaction under the imposed design loads can remarkably influence the final estimates on structural capacity, in the same way of possible variations in the boundary conditions. The use of Finite Element (FE) numerical models is well-known to represent a robust tool and a valid alternative to costly and time consuming experiments and allows one to further explore the selected load-bearing components at a more refined level. Based on previous research efforts, this paper presents an extended FE investigation based on full three-dimensional (3D) brick models and surface-based cohesive zone modelling (CZM) techniques. The attention is focused on the mechanical characterization of small-scale TTC specimens with inclined STSs having variable configurations, under a standard push-out (PO) setup. Based on experimental data and analytical models of literature, an extended parametric investigation is presented and correlation formulae are proposed for the analysis of maximum resistance and stiffness variations. The attention is then focused on the load-bearing role of the steel screws, as an active component of TTC joints, based on the analysis of sustained resultant force contributions. The sensitivity of PO numerical estimates to few key input parameters of technical interest, including boundaries, friction and basic damage parameters, is thus discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals Effects of decay on the shear properties of nailed joints parallel and perpendicular to the grain

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rintaro Ueda ◽  
Kei Sawata ◽  
Takanobu Sasaki ◽  
Yoshihisa Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Shear Properties ◽  
Maximum Resistance ◽  
Loading Direction ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Pilodyn Penetration ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractInformation on the properties of nailed joints with decayed member is necessary to evaluate the remaining structural properties of timber constructions. In this study, loading tests were conducted on nailed joints parallel and perpendicular to the grain with decayed members, and the relationship between the decrease in shear properties and the loading direction to the grain was investigated. After the loading tests, the extent of decay of the specimens was evaluated by the penetration depth of Pilodyn and the decay depth, and these were compared with the shear properties of the nailed joints. The nailed joints with decay had a low load at the initial deformation, regardless of the loading direction to the grain. The initial stiffness, yield resistance, and maximum resistance of the nailed joints parallel to the grain were negatively correlated with the Pilodyn penetration depth, and those of the nailed joints perpendicular to the grain showed no significant correlation with the Pilodyn penetration depth at the 5% level. The initial stiffness, yield resistance, and maximum resistance of the nailed joints parallel to the grain tended to decrease with increasing decay depth, and those of the nailed joints perpendicular to the grain did not exhibit this tendency. The shear properties of the nailed joints significantly decreased at small decay depths.

scholarly journals Nanomechanical and Topochemical Changes in Elm Wood from Ancient Timber Constructions in Relation to Natural Aging

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuyang Han ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Weibin Wang ◽  
Juan Guo ◽  
Haibin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Wood Component ◽  
Nanomechanical Properties ◽  
Timber Constructions

Knowledge of properties of building materials affected by aging is of great importance to conserve cultural heritages or replace their biopolymer components. The objective of the study was to investigate the chemical characterization change in the biopolymer components and identify whether these changes are correlated with alterations in the nanomechanical properties of the wood cell wall bio-composites in relation to natural aging. The effects of natural aging on the elm (Ulmus) wood component (dated from 1642 to 1681) of Chenghuang Temple, an ancient timber construction in China were investigated to understand the chemical and mechanical changes in the wood cell wall. Especially, confocal Raman microscopy and nanoindentation (NI) were used to track changes in the chemical structure and nanomechanical properties. The results showed that the morphological, chemical and physical properties of cell walls changed with aging. After aging, the cell structure showed evidential alternations, and the wood components, especially hemicellulose and lignin, were degraded, leading to deterioration of mechanical properties of aged wood compared with normal wood. Morphology deterioration and micromechanical changes only occurred on the surface with the depth of about 3.6 mm of the aged element. This study would be helpful to provide practical guidance for protecting the apparent performance of ancient timber structures.

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