Spatial Surveillance and the Monitoring of Global Statistics

2008 ◽  
pp. 185-229
Author(s):  
Peter Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
Global Statistics

FORGERY DETECTION BY LOCAL CORRESPONDENCE

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 579-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINHONG KATHERINE GUO ◽  
DAVID DOERMANN ◽  
AZRIEL ROSENFELD
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Signature Verification ◽  
Forgery Detection ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Global Statistics ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Online Verification ◽  
Interest In Research

Signatures may be stylish or unconventional and have many personal characteristics that are challenging to reproduce by anyone other than the original author. For this reason, signatures are used and accepted as proof of authorship or consent on personal checks, credit purchases and legal documents. Currently signatures are verified only informally in many environments, but the rapid development of computer technology has stimulated great interest in research on automated signature verification and forgery detection. In this paper, we focus on forgery detection of offline signatures. Although a great deal of work has been done on offline signature verification over the past two decades, the field is not as mature as online verification. Temporal information used in online verification is not available offline and the subtle details necessary for offline verification are embedded at the stroke level and are hard to recover robustly. We approach the offline problem by establishing a local correspondence between a model and a questioned signature. The questioned signature is segmented into consecutive stroke segments that are matched to the stroke segments of the model. The cost of the match is determined by comparing a set of geometric properties of the corresponding substrokes and computing a weighted sum of the property value differences. The least invariant features of the least invariant substrokes are given the biggest weights, thus emphasizing features that are highly writer-dependent. Random forgeries are detected when a good correspondence cannot be found, i.e. the process of making the correspondence yields a high cost. Many simple forgeries can also be identified in this way. The threshold for making these decisions is determined by a Gaussian statistical model. Using the local correspondence between the model and a questioned signature, we perform skilled forgery detection by examining the writer-dependent information embedded at the substroke level and try to capture unballistic motion and tremor information in each stroke segment, rather than as global statistics. Experiments on random, simple and skilled forgery detection are presented.

scholarly journals Diet, nutrients and metabolism: cogs in the wheel driving Alzheimer's disease pathology?

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 1499-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhona Creegan ◽  
Wendy Hunt ◽  
Alexandra McManus ◽  
Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Custodial Care ◽  
Global Statistics ◽  
End Stage

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease that manifests clinically as a slow global decline in cognitive function, including deterioration of memory, reasoning, abstraction, language and emotional stability, culminating in a patient with end-stage disease, totally dependent on custodial care. With a global ageing population, it is predicted that there will be a marked increase in the number of people diagnosed with AD in the coming decades, making this a significant challenge to socio-economic policy and aged care. Global estimates put a direct cost for treating and caring for people with dementia at $US604 billion, an estimate that is expected to increase markedly. According to recent global statistics, there are 35·6 million dementia sufferers, the number of which is predicted to double every 20 years, unless strategies are implemented to reduce this burden. Currently, there is no cure for AD; while current therapies may temporarily ameliorate symptoms, death usually occurs approximately 8 years after diagnosis. A greater understanding of AD pathophysiology is paramount, and attention is now being directed to the discovery of biomarkers that may not only facilitate pre-symptomatic diagnosis, but also provide an insight into aberrant biochemical pathways that may reveal potential therapeutic targets, including nutritional ones. AD pathogenesis develops over many years before clinical symptoms appear, providing the opportunity to develop therapy that could slow or stop disease progression well before any clinical manifestation develops.

Three Perceptual Tools for Seeing and Understanding Visualized Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 096372142110095
Author(s):  
Steven L. Franconeri
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Powerful System ◽  
Power Limits ◽  
Global Statistics ◽  
Artificial World

The visual system evolved and develops to process the scenes, faces, and objects of the natural world, but people adapt this powerful system to process data within an artificial world of visualizations. To extract patterns in data from these artificial displays, viewers appear to use at least three perceptual tools, including a tool that extracts global statistics, one that extracts shapes within the data, and one that produces sentence-like comparisons. A better understanding of the power, limits, and deployment of these tools would lead to better guidelines for designing effective data displays.

scholarly journals Progress in turbulence detection via GNSS occultation data

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Cornman ◽  
R. K. Goodrich ◽  
P. Axelrad ◽  
E. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Phase Fluctuations ◽  
Global Statistics ◽  
Occultation Data ◽  
Parameter Estimators

Abstract. The increased availability of radio occultation (RO) data offers the ability to detect and study turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere. An analysis of how RO data can be used to determine the strength and location of turbulent regions is presented. This includes the derivation of a model for the power spectrum of the log-amplitude and phase fluctuations of the permittivity (or index of refraction) field. The bulk of the paper is then concerned with the estimation of the model parameters. Parameter estimators are introduced and some of their statistical properties are studied. These estimators are then applied to simulated log-amplitude RO signals. This includes the analysis of global statistics derived from a large number of realizations, as well as case studies that illustrate various specific aspects of the problem. Improvements to the basic estimation methods are discussed, and their beneficial properties are illustrated. The estimation techniques are then applied to real occultation data. Only two cases are presented, but they illustrate some of the salient features inherent in real data.

scholarly journals Effects of Attitude, Motivation, and Eagerness for Physical Activity among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Dongxiao Gu ◽  
Changyong Liang ◽  
Rao Muhammad Rashid ◽  
Monira Akter
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Global Statistics

Background. Although physical activity (PA) is a noninvasive and cost-effective method of improving the quality of health, global statistics show that only a few middle-aged and older adults engage in the recommended PAs. This is due to a lack of motivation and companionship. Objective. This study analyses the attitudes and self-determined motivation of Chinese middle-aged and older adults for PAs and their eagerness to participate in PAs such as sports, exercise, and recreational and cultural activities (RCAs), from attitudinal, eagerness, and motivational objectives of PAs perspective. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 840 middle-aged (35–54 years) and older adults (55+ years). To determine their attitude, eagerness, and self-determined motivation for PA, we used attitudinal, Eagerness for Physical Activity Scale (EPAS), and Situational Motivational Scale (SIMS). The data were analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Results. The results show that 39.1% of the participants were not satisfied with PAs. Compared with females, males reported a less positive attitude towards PAs. Moreover, a positive attitude decreases with age. Participants’ motivation and eagerness in activities such as RCAs, exercise, and sports are decreasing. Regarding self-determined motivation, there are gender differences in RCAs, but there is none for exercise and sports participation. Conclusion. The findings show the importance of RCAs and the support of family and friends enhancing the eagerness, attitude, and motivation to participate in PAs. Furthermore, the findings can help to create more effective PA programs for middle-aged and older adults. By engaging in RCAs, participants can reap the benefits of PAs. Participating in RCAs can lead to social equity in health.

scholarly journals GLOBAL STATISTICS OF BOLIDES IN THE TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERE

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Chernogor ◽  
◽  
M. B. Shevelyov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Atmosphere ◽  
Global Statistics

scholarly journals The main directions of development for light industry enterprises in the context of a pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Medvedeva ◽  
Elena Rykova
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Research ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Internet Application ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Global Statistics ◽  
Slow Fashion ◽  
Source Of Information

The article considers the actual factors for the development of light industry enterprises – the transition of the interaction of the "producer-consumer" system to the digital space using the Internet; application of the customization function in the production of light industry goods and the development of a model of conscious consumption. The presented results of marketing research demonstrate the interest in fashion of a larger number of consumers under 35 years old and confirm the global trend of interest in the global network as the main source of information about fashion. The results obtained reflect the global statistics on consumer awareness of fashion innovations and new products that they receive from the worldwide Internet. The desire to integrate the consumer and the manufacturer using online channels is relevant and in demand both in the global and in the Russian market, based on which we can talk about the use of modern means of interaction. Active segmentation of the market leads to the fact that the consumer becomes more differentiated in terms of their values and tastes, social and demographic status, which in turn changes the demand: it goes from mass to the category of segmented. The authors considered the emergence of the phenomenon of mass customization in global practice and the main approaches to using this tool in the market. Customization is a tool by which the manufacturer and the client come to a common decision regarding the finished product. It was found that economists Joseph Pine II and James H. Gilmore propose four levels of customization, which are called collaborative, adaptive, cosmetic, transparent (joint, adaptive, cosmetic, transparent), respectively, which most fully reflects the levels of implementation of customization in mass production. In this article, the authors review the experience of the two largest sports goods manufacturers in the field of sustainable production and consider the new direction of "slow fashion" (slow fashion) as the basis for the introduction of the customization function.

scholarly journals Ocena toksyczności środowiska pożarowego – problem nie do rozwiązania?

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Waldemar Jaskółowski
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Safety Engineering ◽  
Fire Safety Engineering ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fire Environment ◽  
Global Statistics

Global statistics indicate that toxic combustion products generated during fires are the most frequent cause of fatalities, i.e. 70–80% of all fatalities. It should be emphasises that this is one of the least studied fi elds of knowledge as regards fire safety engineering. Consequently the problem of assessing the fire environment toxicity is one of the most important, and perhaps even the most important aspect that requires analyses and evaluation from the fire safety viewpoint. The first part of the article presents the current state of issues mentioned above. The author discussed measurement methods of toxic products that are being generated during thermal decomposition and combustion. The second part presents a review of available solutions in this respect, which have been outlined in selected available documents, such as for example standards and publications. The contents of this paper make it clear that the mentioned issues require comprehensive changes and the adoption of new regulations in this respect both in Poland and worldwide.

Application of Remote Sensing Technology in Investigating Tourism Resources

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 6825-6828
Author(s):  
Zhang Huang Ye ◽  
Ying Chun Cao ◽  
Qiang Yan ◽  
Fu Sheng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Average Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Danxia Landform ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Tourism Resources ◽  
Technological Means ◽  
Global Statistics

As a significant technological means of collecting global statistics and its changing information, remote sensing technology plays a critically important role in the investigation of territorial resources. Therefore, using remote sensing technology to interpret the tourism resources of Danxia landform can make up for many shortages of traditional methods so as to do less for more. In this article, the tourism resources of Danxia landform in Jiangxi province are extracted by remote sensing technology and its average area error is reduced to 11% through the statistics data. It can be concluded that it is feasible to investigate the tourism resources of Danxia landform by means of computer automatic identification and classification.

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