Potential for Building Stone Soiling from Vehicle-related Pollutants Alongside a Busy Road

2004 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Keyword(s):  
Building Stone ◽  
Busy Road

The Norris Lake Earthquake Swarm of June Through September, 1993; Preliminary Findings

1994 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.T. Long ◽  
A. Kocaoglu ◽  
R. Hawman ◽  
P.J.W. Gore
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Swarm ◽  
Building Stone ◽  
Aftershock Sequence ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Induced Earthquakes ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Event Recorder ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Recreational Lake

Abstract During the summer of 1993, the residents in the Norris Lake community, Lithonia, Georgia, were bothered by an incessant swarm of earthquakes. The largest, a magnitude 2.7 on September 23, showed a normal aftershock decay and occurred after the main swarm. Over 10,000 earthquakes have been detected, of which perhaps 500 were felt. The earthquakes began June 8, 1993, with a 5-day swarm. The residents, accustomed to quarry explosions, suspected the quarries of irregular activities. To locate the source of the events, a visual recorder and a digital event recorder were placed in the epicentral area. Ten to 20 events were detected per day for the next three weeks. The swarm then escalated to a peak of over 100 per day by August 15, 1993. Activity following the peak died down to about 10 events per day. The magnitude 2.7 event of September 23 was followed by a normal aftershock sequence. The larger events were felt with intensity V within 2 km of their epicenter, and noticed (intensity II) to a distance of 15 km. Some incidents of cracked wallboard and foundations have been reported, but no significant damage has been documented. Preliminary locations, based on data from digital event recorders, suggest an average depth of 1.0 km. The hypocenters are in the Lithonia gneiss, a massive migmatite resistant to weathering and used locally as a building stone. The epicenters are 1 to 2 km south-southwest of the Norris Lake Community. The cause of the seismicity is not yet known. The earthquakes are characteristic of reservoir-induced earthquakes; however, Norris Lake is a small (96 acres), 2 to 5m deep recreational lake which has existed since the 1950s.

scholarly journals Evolution in the use of natural building stone in Madrid, Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Fort ◽  
Monica Alvarez de Buergo ◽  
Elena M. Perez-Monserrat ◽  
Miguel Gomez-Heras ◽  
M. Jose Varas-Muriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Stone ◽  
Natural Building Stone ◽  
Natural Building

Fingerprinting the provenance of building stones: a case study on the Louvigné and Lanhélin granitic rocks (Armorican massif, France)

2014 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Malfilatre ◽  
Erwan Hallot ◽  
Philippe Boulvais ◽  
Marc Poujol ◽  
Annick Chauvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Stone ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Building Stones ◽  
Intrinsic Variability ◽  
Geological Unit ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Identity Cards ◽  
Armorican Massif

Abstract Two examples of granitic stones from Brittany (western France) commercialized under the names of “gris-bleu de Louvigné” and “bleu de Lanhélin” were characterized in order to explore how the provenance of a building stone can be traced back with a maximum of confidence. For this purpose, petrographical, geochemical and magnetic characteristics, representing more than 70 quantitative and qualitative variables, were compiled for a total of 32 samples. We have defined two reference populations for these building stones and have extracted their discriminative characteristics. We have then compared four randomly selected samples and two foreign commercial counterparts of these stones to the reference populations. Discriminative variables differ from one case of comparison to the other, which indicates that a combination of various tools and variables will be generally required to unequivocally fingerprint the origin of a given granitic stone. Where several quarries are mining a single geological unit within a composite intrusion, the provenance of a granitic rock can be defined at the scale of the intrusion. In addition, stones coming from two different intrusions from the same batholith can be distinguished. We conclude that the provenance of any granitic building stone is identifiable, especially if the intrinsic variability of a population of samples representative of that stone has been previously circumscribed. This study underlines that the compilation of databases for building stone identity cards is an essential first step toward the creation of official labels guaranteeing stone provenances.

Understanding the decay of stone-built cultural heritage

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Smith ◽  
M. Gomez-Heras ◽  
S. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Building Stone ◽  
Stone Decay ◽  
Building Stones ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Common Misconceptions

The problem of the decay and conservation of stone-built heritage is a complex one, requiring input across many disciplines to identify appropriate remedial steps and management strategies. Over the past few decades, earth scientists have brought a unique perspective to this challenging area, drawing on traditions and knowledge obtained from research into landscape development and the natural environment. This paper reviews the crucial themes that have arisen particularly, although not exclusively, from the work of physical geographers — themes that have sought to correct common misconceptions held by the public, as well as those directly engaged in construction and conservation, regarding the nature, causes and controls of building stone decay. It also looks to the future, suggesting how the behaviour of building stones (and hence the work of stone decay scientists) might alter in response to the looming challenge of climate change.

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