Microbial Plant Pathogens and Crop Disease Management

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Narayanasamy
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Crop Disease

scholarly journals Spray-induced gene silencing for disease control is dependent on the efficiency of pathogen RNA uptake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Qiao ◽  
Chi Lan ◽  
Luca Capriotti ◽  
Audrey Ah-Fong ◽  
Jonatan Nino Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Fungal Genes

AbstractRecent discoveries show that fungi can take up environmental RNA, which can then silence fungal genes through environmental RNA interference. This discovery prompted the development of Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) for plant disease management. In this study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of SIGS across a variety of eukaryotic microbes. We first examined the efficiency of RNA uptake in multiple pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, and an oomycete pathogen. We observed efficient double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) uptake in the fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Aspergillus niger, and Verticillium dahliae, but no uptake in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and weak uptake in a beneficial fungus, Trichoderma virens. For the oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, RNA uptake was limited, and varied across different cell types and developmental stages. Topical application of dsRNA targeting virulence-related genes in the pathogens with high RNA uptake efficiency significantly inhibited plant disease symptoms, whereas the application of dsRNA in pathogens with low RNA uptake efficiency did not suppress infection. Our results have revealed that dsRNA uptake efficiencies vary across eukaryotic microbe species and cell types. The success of SIGS for plant disease management can largely be determined by the pathogen RNA uptake efficiency.

scholarly journals Hormetic Effects of Carbendazim on the Virulence of Botrytis cinerea

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 886-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menglong Cong ◽  
Shun He ◽  
Hongju Ma ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
Fuxing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Sublethal Doses

The ascomycete plant-pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea infects more than 1,400 plant species worldwide. Stimulatory effects of sublethal doses of fungicides on plant pathogens are of close relevance to disease management. In the present study, stimulatory effects of carbendazim on the virulence of B. cinerea to cucumber plants were investigated. Spraying carbendazim on cucumber plants at 3 to 200 μg/ml had stimulatory effects on the virulence of carbendazim-resistant isolates of B. cinerea and the maximum percent stimulations were 16.7 and 13.5% for isolates HBtom451 and HBstr491, respectively. Preconditioned mycelia (i.e., mycelia grown on potato dextrose agar [PDA] amended with carbendazim at concentrations of 10, 50, or 200 μg/ml) also showed increased virulence, and the maximum percent stimulations for isolates HBtom451 and HBstr491 were 7.9 and 9.5%, respectively. Compared with mycelia grown on PDA without carbendazim, virulence stimulation magnitudes of spraying carbendazim on leaves increased moderately but the concentrations of carbendazim that elicited the maximum stimulation increased 20- and 8-fold for preconditioned isolates HBtom451 and HBstr491, respectively. The time course of infection indicated that virulence stimulation was mediated by a direct stimulation mechanism. Studies of the physiological mechanism for stimulation demonstrated that carbendazim had no significant effects on tolerance to hydrogen peroxide, or on oxalic acid production in B. cinerea. These studies will deepen our understanding of quantitative features of hormetic effects of sublethal doses of fungicides on plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Graphene oxide loaded with copper oxide nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (62) ◽  
pp. 38853-38860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadong Li ◽  
Desong Yang ◽  
Jianghu Cui
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Crop Disease

Graphene oxide loaded with copper oxide nanoparticles as an agricultural antibacterial agent for crop disease management.

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