Structural Changes of Multiphase Food Systems Generated by Proteins

2010 ◽  
pp. 275-300
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Structural Changes

scholarly journals Locked-in and living delta pathways in the Anthropocene

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Santos ◽  
Stefan C. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Dynamic Coupling ◽  
Land Use Development ◽  
Social Components ◽  
Past Land Use

Abstract Delta systems are fundamental to the persistence of large human populations, food systems and ecosystem processes. Structural changes in natural and social components of deltas, emerging from past land-use changes, have led deltas to become locked-in loosing the ability to transform back into living deltas, and making them more at risk. We propose a framework to assess whether deltas become locked-in by changes in natural or social infrastructure, by examining the dynamic coupling between population and land-use development over 300 years for 48 deltas globally. We find that 46% of the deltas are defined as living, where population, irrigation, and cropland are correlated. Of the 54% locked-in deltas, 21% show changes in natural infrastructure to cropland (n = 6) or irrigation (n = 4), and 33% (n = 16) show changes in social infrastructure. Most locked-in deltas are in Europe but also in other continents due to decoupled development of population and cropland. While, locked-in deltas due to changes in natural infrastructure have highest average risks, those with changes in social infrastructure and the living deltas have highest risks from future relative sea level rise. These results show that deltas have varying natural and social components derived from a 300 years historical perspective, which are not taken into account in risk assessments for global deltas.

Agricultural food system transformation and its implications for tertiary agricultural education.

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
John Lynam ◽  
Kay Muir Leresche
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Food System ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
System P ◽  
Development Outcomes

Abstract This chapter assesses the achievement of African development outcomes through market-led rural transformation within the context of agri-food systems. Sections discuss: (1) rural development from a food systems perspective; (2) the drivers of change in the food system; (3) the changing structure of food demand; (4) the generation of a production and productivity response; (5) structural changes in the market supply chain and the growth in the non-farm rural economy; and (6) the role of tertiary agricultural education in a transforming African food system.

scholarly journals Centering Justice in a Sustainable Food Systems Master's Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley M. Greeson ◽  
Robin C. D. Currey
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Justice ◽  
Master's Program ◽  
Sustainable Food Systems ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Master Of Science ◽  
Pedagogical Frameworks

The new Master of Science in Sustainable Food Systems (MSFS) program at Prescott College was re-envisioned as part of the preferred teach out partnership with Green Mountain College that closed in 2019. In collaboration with faculty from both colleges, the new MSFS program was developed to intentionally center social justice and offer students a Food Justice concentration. Food justice is a growing movement that seeks to shift global, industrial food systems toward more equitable, just, and sustainable foodways. Using this definition, students in the Food Justice core course uncovered how forms of institutional oppression prevent certain communities from accessing healthy and culturally appropriate food. This course was designed and taught from an anti-racist, anti-colonial, and culturally sustaining pedagogical framework. The Food Justice course frames students' investigation of the current food system and how issues of privilege, access, and identity relate to food justice throughout the MSFS program. Through experiential learning, students were asked to develop and implement a project that aligns with social justice values. In this perspective paper, we describe our experiences as sustainable food systems educators in making structural changes to the master's program. We share the values and assumptions that led to the development of the Food Justice concentration and course; detail our pedagogical frameworks; and highlight students' projects as a manifestation of the student experience.

scholarly journals Designing Just Transition Pathways: A Methodological Framework to Estimate the Impact of Future Scenarios on Employment in the French Dairy Sector

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1119
Author(s):  
Pierre-Marie Aubert ◽  
Baptiste Gardin ◽  
Élise Huber ◽  
Michele Schiavo ◽  
Christophe Alliot
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Nutritional Guidelines ◽  
Transition Pathways ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

This paper proposes an innovative framework to describe sustainable transitions of food systems while considering simultaneously socio-economic and environmental issues, in a just transition perspective. This framework (i) describes the structural changes needed for a sustainable transition in food systems; (ii) assess their effects on employment at the farm and processing industry level; (iii) detect the political levers needed to make this transition a just one—that is, preserving jobs and livelihoods for communities. Using the decarbonation pathway for the agricultural sector issued from the French National Low-Carbon Strategy as reference, we developed two scenarios for the French dairy sector which have the same level of climate ambitious, but a different approach to reach the target. Aiming exclusively to achieve a greenhouse gases reduction, the first scenario relies only on supply side measures. This scenario has a negative impact in terms of employment loss at the farm level and in the agri-food sector. In contrast, a multifunctional scenario considering simultaneously climate, biodiversity, health, and employment issues, and playing with policy measures targeting supply, demand and market organisation can maintain jobs in the farm and agri-food sector, contributes to restore the agro-biodiversity and develops food products compatible with healthy nutritional guidelines.

scholarly journals Climate change and food security in Sri Lanka: towards food sovereignty

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahinda Senevi Gunaratne ◽  
R. B. Radin Firdaus ◽  
Shamila Indika Rathnasooriya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Global Learning ◽  
Policy Reforms

AbstractThis study explored food security and climate change issues and assessed how food sovereignty contributes to addressing the climate change impacts on entire food systems. The study aimed to contextualise food security, climate change, and food sovereignty within Sri Lanka’s current development discourse by bringing global learning, experience, and scholarship together. While this paper focused on many of the most pressing issues in this regard, it also highlighted potential paths towards food sovereignty in the context of policy reforms. This study used a narrative review that relied on the extant literature to understand the underlying concepts and issues relating to climate change, food security and food sovereignty. Additionally, eight in-depth interviews were conducted to obtain experts’ views on Sri Lanka’s issues relating to the thematic areas of this study and to find ways forward. The key findings from the literature review suggest that climate change has adverse impacts on global food security, escalating poverty, hunger, and malnutrition, which adversely affect developing nations and the poor and marginalised communities disproportionately. This study argues that promoting food sovereignty could be the key to alleviating such impacts. Food sovereignty has received much attention as an alternative development path in international forums and policy dialogues while it already applies in development practice. Since the island nation has been facing many challenges in food security, poverty, climate change, and persistence of development disparities, scaling up to food sovereignty in Sri Lanka requires significant policy reforms and structural changes in governance, administrative systems, and wider society.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF THERMAL PROCESSES IN FISH&PLANT SEMI-PRODUCTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Prytulska ◽  
Dina Fedorova ◽  
Maxim Lazarenko ◽  
Olena Vasylieva ◽  
Tatiana Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Neogobius Melanostomus ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Thermally Processed ◽  
Different Temperatures

The water-holding ability and forms of connection in fish&plant semi-products were experimentally studied using derivatograph Q-1500 D by «МОМ» of Paulik-Paulik-Erdey system (Hungry). Using the methods of thermogravimetry methods in experimental samples was synchronously measured the temperature (Т), change of mass (TG), speed of temperature change (DTG) and change of thermal capacity (DТА). According to derivatograms the volume of the mass loss (Δm) and derivative change of DGT mass of the studied sample at correspondent temperature were determined. The thermal resistance of samples was assessed by the methods of thermogravimetry (by admissible mass loss that takes place at certain temperature) and differential-thermal analysis (by thermal effects that attend the chemical transformations of macromolecules, which intensity depends on temperature). According to the results of thermogravimetric and differential-thermal examination there was carried out the comparative characterization of the quantity of absorption- and capillary bound water in studied samples of fish&plant semi-products and also determined the value of activation energy of water molecules at different temperatures of water removing. The dependence of DTG samples was divided in peaks using Gauss distribution. According to the analysis of DTG peaks the quantity of osmotic- and absorption-bound water was determined in the samples of minces, produced on the base of complex of raw and preliminary thermally processed muscular, connective and bone tissues of Azov goby (Neogobius melanostomus). The received results give a possibility to understand better the structural changes that take place in the process of drying of fish&plant semi-products. They can be used for optimization of the process of drying of fish&plant semi-products and prognostication of their technological behavior in the different food systems and at storage.

Confronting Whiteness in Kansas City's Local Food Movement: Diversity Work and Discourse on Privilege and Power

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Chhaya Kolavalli
Keyword(s):  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Food System ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Local Food Movement ◽  
Food Movement

In recent years, the whiteness of the local food movement has been an increasingly popular topic in both academic and popular discourse. In what ways have those within this movement responded to critiques of exclusionary whiteness and privilege? Drawing on interviews with local food advocates in Kansas City (KC), this article explores the discourses and practices used within the movement in response to questions of equity and racial justice. It argues that in KC, one way that local food movement advocates react to these critiques is by discursively celebrating “diversity”—a response that actually works to further conceal racialized inequality and to maintain systemic white privilege. Within this case study, this “diversity work” took the form of counting and celebrating phenotypic diversity in local food spaces. In KC, this manifests as a celebration of new U.S. immigrants—a form of diversity work that is easier to engage in than calls for deeper, structural changes in the food system. This diversity work, whether intentionally or not, depoliticizes discussions of food systems reform and distances local food advocates from the responsibility to address deeper inequities. Such findings illustrate some of the narratives and practices that help sustain structural racial inequality in local food systems amidst a shifting broader discourse that calls for the dismantling of white privilege within many social movements.

Fine Structural Changes in the Microvasculature of the Mouse Pinna: Aging and Radiation Injury

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
S. Phyllis Steamer ◽  
Rosemarie L. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Surrounding Connective Tissue ◽  
Fission Neutrons ◽  
Total Body

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.

Evaluation of single-electron movies of glutamine synthetase molecules

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
W. Kunath ◽  
E. Zeitler ◽  
M. Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Single Electron ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Low Exposure

The features of digital recording of a continuous series (movie) of singleelectron TV frames are reported. The technique is used to investigate structural changes in negatively stained glutamine synthetase molecules (GS) during electron irradiation and, as an ultimate goal, to look for the molecules' “undamaged” structure, say, after a 1 e/Å2 dose.The TV frame of fig. la shows an image of 5 glutamine synthetase molecules exposed to 1/150 e/Å2. Every single electron is recorded as a unit signal in a 256 ×256 field. The extremely low exposure of a single TV frame as dictated by the single-electron recording device including the electron microscope requires accumulation of 150 TV frames into one frame (fig. lb) thus achieving a reasonable compromise between the conflicting aspects of exposure time per frame of 3 sec. vs. object drift of less than 1 Å, and exposure per frame of 1 e/Å2 vs. rate of structural damage.

Fine Structural Changes in the Adenohypophyses of Rats Following Destruction of the Pituitary Stalk

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
J. M. Bilbao ◽  
F. A. Laszlo ◽  
I. Domokos
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Electrolytic lesions of the pituitary stalk in rats interrupt adenohypophysial blood flow and result in massive infarction of the anterior lobe. In order to obtain a deeper insight into the morphogenesis of tissue injury and to reveal the sequence of events, a fine structural investigation was undertaken on adenohypophyses of rats at various intervals following destruction of the pituitary stalk.The pituitary stalk was destroyed electrolytically, with a Horsley-Clarke apparatus on 27 male rats of the R-Amsterdam strain, weighing 180-200 g. Thirty minutes, 1,2,4,6 and 24 hours after surgery the animals were perfused with a glutaraldehyde-formalin solution. The skulls were then opened and the pituitary glands removed. The anterior lobes were fixed in glutaraldehyde-formalin solution, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Durcupan. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and investigated with a Philips 300 electron microscope.

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