Roots below One-Meter Depth Are Important for Uptake of Nitrate by Annual Crops

2008 ◽  
pp. 245-258
Author(s):  
Hanne L. Kristensen ◽  
Kristian Thorup-Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Annual Crops

Change of growth processes of annual crops depending on the method of cultivation, seeding rate and fertilization

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
N. Y. Hetman ◽  
Y. A. Veklenko ◽  
T. P. Zakhlebna ◽  
E. N. Ksenchyna
Keyword(s):  
Field Pea ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Leguminous Crops

Analysis of the height and leafiness of plants of oats (fodder), pea (spring), field pea was carried out depending on the seeding rates and fertilization. It was established that under the increase in the seeding rate of oats by 25 %, the height of plants of the grass and legume components rose irrespectively of the rate of fertilization. The leafiness of leguminous crops was 2.9—3.1 times higher than that of oats.

Emergence Pattern of Five Weeds in the Central Great Plains

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Anderson ◽  
D. C. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
No Till ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Wheat Stubble

Seedling emergence was characterized for five weeds that infest summer annual crops in the central Great Plains as affected by crop canopy or tillage. The study was established in winter wheat stubble between 1987 and 1990, with seedling emergence recorded weekly between April 1 and November 1. Kochia emerged primarily from early April to late June, whereas green foxtail, wild-proso millet, and redroot pigweed began emerging in late May and continued until August. Volunteer wheat emerged throughout the growing season. Tillage did not affect the emergence pattern of any species, but the numbers of kochia, volunteer wheat, and green foxtail seedlings were increased in no-till. Conversely, wild-proso millet emergence was greater with tillage. Only volunteer wheat's emergence was affected by crop canopy, as fall emergence of volunteer wheat was more than three times greater in corn than in proso millet.

PERENNIALS AND ANNUALS FOR WINTER FODDER PRODUCTION IN THE DRIER PORTIONS OF THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. KILCHER
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Fodder Production

Small grain cereals such as oats or wheat, when grown on fallowed land, provided fodder yields as high as or higher than those obtained from perennial forage containing alfalfa. However, on a land base comparison, yields of perennial crops were about double those of cereal grains. A 3-yr rotation using annuals in a crop–crop–fallow sequence improved the yield relationship over a crop–fallow rotation only marginally in this semiarid region. Yields of corn or sunflower row crops in rotations with fallow, or with cereals and fallow, were highly variable. Crude protein yields of the perennial forage crops on a given land base were about threefold those from annual crops.

Reducing leaching using the threshold nitrate root-uptake phenomena

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kurtzman ◽  
Beeri Kanner ◽  
Yehuda Levy ◽  
Ido Nitsan ◽  
Asher Bar-Tal
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Leaching Fraction ◽  
Direct Results

<p>Reducing nitrate leaching from agricultural land to aquifers is a high priority concern for more than a half a century. Theory and observations of a threshold concentration of nitrate in the root-zone (Cmax), from which the leachate concentration increases at higher rates with increasing root-zone nitrate concentration, are presented. Cmax is derived both by direct results from container experiments with varying nitrogen (N) fertigation, and as calibration parameter in N-transport models beneath commercial agricultural plots. For five different crops, Cmax ranged between 20-45 mg/l of NO<sub>3</sub>-N derived from experiments and models. However, for lettuce, which was irrigated with a large leaching fraction, a Cmax could not be defined. For the crops irrigated and fertilized in the warm/dry season (corn and citrus) experiments show a dramatic change in leachate concentrations and simulations reveal a wide range of sensitivity of leachate NO<sub>3</sub>-N concentration to Cmax. Annual crops that are irrigated and fertilized in the cool/wet season (e.g. potato in Mediterranean climate) showed a distinct Cmax yet less dramatic than the summer-irrigated crops in the container experiment, and smaller impact of Cmax in models. Simulations showed that for summer-irrigated crops maintaining fertigation at C<Cmax has a significant effect on deep leachate concentrations, whereas for the winter annual crops the simulations revealed no threshold. It is suggested that for summer-irrigated crops fertigation below Cmax robustly serves the co-sustainability of intensive agriculture and aquifer water quality, for the winter crops it is suggested but benefits are not robust. For short season, small root-system crops (lettuce) efforts should be made to detach the crop from the soil.</p>

How could phytoextraction reduce Cd content in soils under annual crops? Simulations in the French context

2019 ◽  
Vol 654 ◽  
pp. 751-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Sterckeman ◽  
Lucas Gossiaux ◽  
Sophie Guimont ◽  
Catherine Sirguey
Keyword(s):  
Annual Crops

scholarly journals Cambridge University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements IV: Nuclear-Weapon Testing and the Atmospheric Radiocarbon Concentration

Radiocarbon ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Godwin ◽  
E. H. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Nuclear Weapon ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Nuclear Weapon Testing ◽  
Weapon Testing

In continuance of investigations upon successive annual crops of oats reported in Radiocarbon Supplement, Volume 2, we undertook the analysis of successive annual rings of a tree that had been growing throughout the period covered by the oat-crop assays, namely 1953 to 1959. The selected tree was a straight-boled specimen of Populus nigra from the Forestry Commission's plantations at Santon Downham, near Thetford, Norfolk. It had been planted in 1929 and was felled on 21 October, 1959. Shortly afterwards, it was brought into the laboratory and sawn into slices just over 1 in. thick. The surfaces having been smoothed, the annual-ring contacts were marked, and within each annual ring the inner (spring) wood was marked off from the outer (autumn) wood. The tree had been chosen as one exhibiting rapid growth and it proved fairly easy to dissect off with a chisel all the separate half-rings between spring 1953 and the end of 1959. In the event, activities were determined only upon four of the half or whole rings.

scholarly journals Identification of grain areas replaced by sugarcane and analysis of the relationship with family farming production in the state of Goiás

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1296-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Petrini ◽  
Jansle V. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
The Family ◽  
Data Tables ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

In Brazil, the State of Goiás is one of sugarcane expansion's frontiers to meet the growing demand for biofuels. The objective of this study was to identify the municipalities where there were replacement of annual crops (mainly grains) by sugarcane in the state of Goiás, as well as indicate correlations between the sugarcane expansion and the family farming production, in the period between 2005 and 2010. For this purpose, grains crop mask and sugarcane crop mask, obtained from satellite images, were intersected using geoprocessing techniques. It was also used IBGE data of sugarcane production and planted area, and data of family farming production linked with the National Food Acquisition Program (PAA), in relation to the number of cooperatives and family farmers. The crops masks and data tables of the National Food Acquisition Program were provided by National Food Supply Agency. There were 95 municipalities that had crops replacement, totaling 281,554 hectares of grains converted to sugarcane. We highlight the municipalities of Santa Isabel, Iaciara, Maurilândia, and Itapaci, where this change represented more than half of their agricultural areas. In relation to family farming, the sugarcane expansion in the state of Goiás has not affected their activities during the period studied.

scholarly journals Monitoring Land Cover Changes in the Disaster-Prone Area: A Case Study of Cangkringan Sub-District, the Flanks of Mount Merapi, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronggo Sadono ◽  
Hartono Hartono ◽  
Mochammad Maksum Machfoedz ◽  
Setiaji Setiaji
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
The North ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Cover Class ◽  
Forest Cover Types

Volcanic eruption is one of the natural factors that affect land cover changes. This study aimed to monitor land cover changes using a remote sensing approach in Cangkringan Sub-district, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, one of the areas most vulnerable to Mount Merapi eruption. Three satellite images, dating from 2001, 2006 and 2011, were used as main data for land cover classification based on a supervised classification approach. The land cover detection analysis was undertaken by overlaying the classification results from those images. The results show that the dominant land cover class is annual crops, covering 40% of the study area, while the remaining 60% consists of forest cover types, dryland farming, paddy fields, settlements, and bare land. The forests were distributed in the north, and the annual crops in the middle of the study area, while the villages and the rice fields were generally located in the south. In the 2001–2011 period, forests were the most increased land cover type, while annual crops decreased the most, as a result of the eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010. Such data and information are important for the local government or related institutions to formulate Detailed Spatial Plans (RDTR) in the Disaster-Prone Areas (KRB).

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