Effects of endurance exercise on total body adiposity in adults

2001 ◽  
pp. 113-132
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Total Body

Longitudinal studies on adipose tissue and its distribution in human subjects

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chien ◽  
M. T. Peng ◽  
K. P. Chen ◽  
T. F. Huang ◽  
C. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Skinfold Measurements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

On 27 men and 6 women, total body density and 10 skinfolds were measured 12 yr apart, with the mean age increasing from 31 to 43 yr. The increase in skinfold thickness was found to be related to the increase in total body adiposity, calculated from hydrostatic weighing. The external adipose tissue was calculated from the mean skinfold thickness and body surface area. Variations in total adiposity among the population studied as well as changes in total adiposity with age showed a characteristic distribution with approximately two-thirds on the surface and one-third in the interior. The essential body mass or total adipose mass determined by hydrostatic weighing was compared with the values obtained by water-immersion volumetry, total body potassium counting, and skinfold measurements. Teh volumetric and skinfold determinations gave better estimates of these parameters than total body potassium counting.

RELATIONSHIPS OF DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (PA) TO TOTAL BODY ADIPOSITY IN OBESE YOUTH

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S318
Author(s):  
T. Okuyama ◽  
S. Owens ◽  
P. Barbeau ◽  
S. Riggs ◽  
M. Bauman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Obese Youth ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Increased Gs Signaling in Osteoblasts Reduces Bone Marrow and Whole-Body Adiposity in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 1481-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey J. Cain ◽  
Joel T. Valencia ◽  
Samantha Ho ◽  
Kate Jordan ◽  
Aaron Mattingly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Secreted Factors ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Total Body ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Abstract Bone is increasingly recognized as an endocrine organ that can regulate systemic hormones and metabolism through secreted factors. Although bone loss and increased adiposity appear to be linked clinically, whether conditions of increased bone formation can also change systemic metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we examined how increased osteogenesis affects metabolism by using an engineered G protein-coupled receptor, Rs1, to activate Gs signaling in osteoblastic cells in ColI(2.3)+/Rs1+ transgenic mice. We previously showed that these mice have dramatically increased bone formation resembling fibrous dysplasia of the bone. We found that total body fat was significantly reduced starting at 3 weeks of age. Furthermore, ColI(2.3)+/Rs1+ mice showed reduced O2 consumption and respiratory quotient measures without effects on food intake and energy expenditure. The mice had significantly decreased serum triacylglycerides, leptin, and adiponectin. Resting glucose and insulin levels were unchanged; however, glucose and insulin tolerance tests revealed increased sensitivity to insulin. The mice showed resistance to fat accumulation from a high-fat diet. Furthermore, ColI(2.3)+/Rs1+ mouse bones had dramatically reduced mature adipocyte differentiation, increased Wingless/Int-1 (Wnt) signaling, and higher osteoblastic glucose utilization than controls. These findings suggest that osteoblasts can influence both local and peripheral adiposity in conditions of increased bone formation and suggest a role for osteoblasts in the regulation of whole-body adiposity and metabolic homeostasis.

scholarly journals Analysis of body weight of adults by different indirect methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Gadagnotto Cezaroni ◽  
Leonardo Breda ◽  
Gabriel Keine Kuga ◽  
Rafael Calais Gaspar ◽  
Vitor Rosetto Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Good Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Adipose Mass

Abstract Anthropometry is considered a widely applicable and effective method to track adiposity. Among the current methods of anthropometric analysis are the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Waist Hip Index (ICQ) are utilized. However, both presents limitations because they fail to estimate the adiposity. In this sense, recently the Body Adiposity Index (IAC) emerged as an important tool in the adipose mass evaluation of large populations. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate adults aged between 18 and 50 years through BMI, IAC and ICQ and to analyze the agreement degree between the methods. A total of 2602 individuals were analyzed, of which 1457 were women and 1145 men. After analyzing the data, it was verified that the majority of the population are within the standards of men was classified as not overweight only for ICQ and women for BMI and ICQ. In contrast the population of men is classified as healthy only for ICQ and women for BMI and ICQ. Concerning the agreement between the methods, only a positive and significant agreement between BMI and IAC was observed. Therefore, it can be concluded that IAC is an alternative for assessing body composition, showing a good method to estimate the percentage of total body fat of men and women, thus increasing the possibilities of diagnosis of obesity and overweight.

scholarly journals Nicotine exposure affects mother's and pup's nutritional, biochemical, and hormonal profiles during lactation in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Oliveira ◽  
C R Pinheiro ◽  
A P Santos-Silva ◽  
I H Trevenzoli ◽  
Y Abreu-Villaça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nicotine Exposure ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Hormonal Profiles ◽  
Total Body

We have shown that maternal nicotine exposure during lactation has long-lasting effects on body adiposity and hormonal status of rat offspring. Here, we studied the nutritional and hormonal profiles in this experimental model. Two days after birth, osmotic minipumps were implanted in lactating rats divided into two groups: NIC – continuous s.c. infusions of nicotine (6 mg/kg per day) for 14 days and C – saline. Dams and pups were killed at 15 and 21 days of lactation. Body weight and food intake were evaluated. Milk, blood, visceral fat, carcass, and adrenal gland were collected. All the significant data were P<0.05. At the end of nicotine exposure (15 days), dams presented higher milk production, hyperprolactinemia, and higher serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Milk from NIC dams had higher lactose concentration and energy content. After nicotine withdrawal (21 days), dams showed lower food intake and hyperleptinemia. The 15-day-old NIC pups presented higher total body fat, higher HDL-C, serum leptin, serum corticosterone, and adrenal catecholamine content, but lower tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels. The 21-day-old NIC pups had higher body protein content and serum globulin. Thus, maternal nicotine exposure during lactation results in important changes in nutritional, biochemical, and hormonal parameters in dams and offspring. The pattern of these effects is clearly distinct when comparing the nicotine-exposed group to the withdrawal group, which could be important for the programming effects observed previously.

scholarly journals Clinical Usefulness of Anthropometric Indices to Predict the Presence of Prediabetes. Data from the ILERVAS Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1002
Author(s):  
Marta Sánchez ◽  
Enric Sánchez ◽  
Marcelino Bermúdez-López ◽  
Gerard Torres ◽  
Cristina Farràs-Sallés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Adiposity Indices ◽  
Obesity Index ◽  
Total Body

Prediabetes is closely related to excess body weight and adipose distribution. For this reason, we aimed to assess and compare the diagnostic usefulness of ten anthropometric adiposity indices to predict prediabetes. Cross-sectional study with 8188 overweight subjects free of type 2 diabetes from the ILERVAS project (NCT03228459). Prediabetes was diagnosed by levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Total body adiposity indices [BMI, Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE) and Deurenberg’s formula] and abdominal adiposity (waist and neck circumferences, conicity index, waist to height ratio, Bonora’s equation, A body shape index, and body roundness index) were calculated. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the best cutoff and the prevalence of prediabetes around this value were calculated for every anthropometric index. All anthropometric indices other than the A body adiposity were higher in men and women with prediabetes compared with controls (p < 0.001 for all). In addition, a slightly positive correlation was found between indices and HbA1c in both sexes (r ≤ 0.182 and p ≤ 0.026 for all). None of the measures achieved acceptable levels of discrimination in ROC analysis (area under the ROC ≤ 0.63 for all). Assessing BMI, the prevalence of prediabetes among men increased from 20.4% to 36.2% around the cutoff of 28.2 kg/m2, with similar data among women (from 29.3 to 44.8% with a cutoff of 28.6 kg/m2). No lonely obesity index appears to be the perfect biomarker to use in clinical practice to detect individuals with prediabetes.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Total Body Adiposity Assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, Birth Weight and Metabolic Syndrome in Young Thai Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namwongprom Sirianong ◽  
Rerkasem Kittipan ◽  
Wongthanee Antika ◽  
Pruenglampoo Sakda ◽  
Mangklabruks Ampica
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Excess body fat in obese and normal-weight subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Louise Thomas ◽  
Gary Frost ◽  
Simon D. Taylor-Robinson ◽  
Jimmy D. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Abdominal Visceral Fat ◽  
Total Body

Excess body adiposity, especially abdominal obesity and ectopic fat accumulation, are key risk factors in the development of a number of chronic diseases. The advent of in vivo imaging methodologies that allow direct assessment of total body fat and its distribution have been pivotal in this process. They have helped to identify a number of sub-phenotypes in the general population whose metabolic risk factors are not commensurate with their BMI. At least two such sub-phenotypes have been identified: subjects with normal BMI, but excess intra-abdominal (visceral) fat (with or without increased ectopic fat) and subjects with elevated BMI (> 25 kg/m2) but low visceral and ectopic fat. The former sub-phenotype is associated with adverse metabolic profiles, while the latter is associated with a metabolically normal phenotype, despite a high BMI. Here, examples of these phenotypes are presented and the value of carrying out enhanced phenotypical characterisation of subjects in interventional studies discussed.

scholarly journals Biogeographic Ancestry Is Associated with Higher Total Body Adiposity among African-American Females: The Boston Area Community Health Survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e0122808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunali D. Goonesekera ◽  
Shona C. Fang ◽  
Rebecca S. Piccolo ◽  
Jose C. Florez ◽  
John B. McKinlay
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
African American Females ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Total Body
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