Major Equipment Manufacturers

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Major Equipment

Overview of Current Phosphoric Acid Production Processes and a New Idea of Kiln Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangya Zheng ◽  
Jupei Xia ◽  
Zhengjie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Major Equipment ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
Great Competitiveness

: China primarily contains medium and low-grade phosphorus ores that are used to produce phosphoric acid. Here, we provide an overview of phosphoric acid production processes, including wet, thermal, and kiln methods, as well as the fundamental principles, major equipment, and technological aspects of each process. Progress in the kiln method using lowgrade phosphate rock is described, which involves the KPA and CDK processes. The literature shows that the addition of admixtures adds great competitiveness to kiln phosphate production methods and has considerable development prospects.

Second-Law Analysis in a Steam Power Plant for Minimization of Avoidable Exergy Destruction

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan K. Ray ◽  
Pankaj Ekbote ◽  
Ranjan Ganguly ◽  
Amitava Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Major Equipment ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

Performance analysis of a 500 MWe steam turbine cycle is performed combining the thermodynamic first and second-law constraints to identify the potential avenues for significant enhancement in efficiency. The efficiency of certain plant components, e.g. condenser, feed water heaters etc., is not readily defined in the gamut of the first law, since their output do not involve any thermodynamic work. Performance criteria for such components are defined in a way which can easily be translated to the overall influence of the cycle input and output, and can be used to assess performances under different operating conditions. A performance calculation software has been developed that computes the energy and exergy flows using thermodynamic property values with the real time operation parameters at the terminal points of each system/equipment and evaluates the relevant rational performance parameters for them. Exergy-based analysis of the turbine cycle under different strategic conditions with different degrees of superheat and reheat sprays exhibit the extent of performance deterioration of the major equipment and its impact to the overall cycle efficiency. For example, during a unit operation with attemperation flow, a traditional energy analysis alone would wrongly indicate an improved thermal performance of HP heater 5, since the feed water temperature rise across it increases. However, the actual performance degradation is reflected as an exergy analysis indicates an increased exergy destruction within the HP heater 5 under reheat spray. These results corroborate to the deterioration of overall cycle efficiency and rightly assist operational optimization. The exergy-based analysis is found to offer a more direct tool for evaluating the commercial implication of the off-design operation of an individual component of a turbine cycle. The exergy destruction is also translated in terms of its environmental impact, since the irretrievable loss of useful work eventually leads to thermal pollution. The technique can be effectively used by practicing engineers in order to improve efficiency by reducing the avoidable exergy destruction, directly assisting the saving of energy resources and decreasing environmental pollution.

Temperature Measurement Applications in Power Plants

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Jethra
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Safety Integrity Level ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Incorrect Measurement ◽  
Major Equipment

Temperature is one of the most widely measured parameters in a power plant. Temperature is monitored and also used for control in some areas. The paper covers some of the basics of Temperature measurement, and leads into some of the technical advances that impart higher a degree of safety and reliability to power plant operation. These advances are based on some of the latest and innovative technologies that are being implemented in process instrumentation. Irrespective of the type of power plant (coal-fired, Oil or gas based), temperature measurement remains high on the list for operational excellence throughout the plant. Implementation of some of the new technologies results in improved Safety and lower installation and maintenance costs. Incorrect measurement information due to temperature effects, non linearity or stability can result in major equipment getting damaged. Ensuring instruments that have minimal downtime from a maintenance standpoint, not just devices that have been evaluated to provide Safety Integrity Level service in Safety Instrumented Systems, is crucial for daily operations in a power plant.

scholarly journals Flame Failures and Recovery in Industrial Furnaces: A Neural Network Steady-State Model for the Firing Rate Setpoint Rearrangement

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Tahmineh Adili ◽  
Zohreh Rostamnezhad ◽  
Ali Chaibakhsh ◽  
Ali Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
State Models ◽  
Major Equipment ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Models

Burner failures are common abnormal conditions associated with industrial fired heaters. Preventing from economic loss and major equipment damages can be attained by compensating the lost heat due to burners’ failures, which can be possible by defining appropriate setpoints to rearrange the firing rates for healthy burners. In this study, artificial neural network models were developed for estimating the appropriate setpoints for the combustion control system to recover an industrial fired-heater furnace from abnormal conditions. For this purpose, based on an accurate high-order mathematical model, constrained nonlinear optimization problems were solved using the genetic algorithm. For different failure scenarios, the best possible excess firing rates for healthy burners to recover the furnace from abnormal conditions were obtained and data were recorded for training and testing stages. The performances of the developed neural steady-state models were evaluated through simulation experiments. The obtained results indicated the feasibility of the proposed technique to deal with the failures in the combustion system.

Major Equipment

2019 ◽  
pp. 231-253
Author(s):  
S. Can Gülen
Keyword(s):  
Major Equipment

scholarly journals Study on the Solution of Heavy Hydrocarbon Caused Frozen Stoppage in LNG Factory

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
An Wang ◽  
◽  
Dongyi Fang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Gas Stripping ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbon ◽  
Equipment Investment ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Hydrocarbon Removal ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
As Adsorption ◽  
Major Equipment

This paper focus on the characteristics of heavy hydrocarbon frozen stoppage, which is based on the investigation of current problems of liquefied natural gas factory. Combined with the causes of frozen study, the paper analyzes the four kinds of technological schemes, such as "adsorption", "heavy hydrocarbon washing", "gas stripping + heavy hydrocarbon backflow" and "low temperature distillation" in a LNG project in Inner Mongolia of CNPC. It analysis the merits and drawbacks of every proposals from process simulation, process description, applicability, temperature parameters, liquefaction energy consumption, major equipment, investment etc. Finally this paper selects a heavy hydrocarbon removal process proposal, which is suitable for a LNG factory in Inner Mongolia, and is more simple process, low energy consumption, easy to operate. After the project is put into operation, the comparison between actual operation data and designed data proves the feasibility of this proposal. The results provide a guidance and reference for the subsequent LNG factory designing

Integral Techno-Economic Analysis of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles for Concentrated Solar Power

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Crespi ◽  
David Sánchez ◽  
Tomás Sánchez ◽  
Gonzalo S. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Storage System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage System ◽  
Major Equipment ◽  
Solar Field

Previous work by the authors has shown that broader analyses than those typically found in literature (in terms of operating pressures allowed) can yield interesting conclusions with respect to the best candidate cycles for certain applications. This has been tested for the thermodynamic performance (1st and 2nd Laws) but it can also be applied from an economic standpoint. This second approach is introduced in this work where typical operating conditions for CSP applications (current and future generations of solar tower plants) are considered (900 °C and 30 MPa). For these, the techno-economic performance of each cycle are assessed in order to identify the most cost-effective layout when it comes to the Overnight Capital Cost. This analysis accounts for the different contributions to the total cost of the plant, including all the major equipment that is usually found in a CSP power plant such as the solar field and thermal energy storage system. The work is thus aimed at providing guidelines to professionals in the area of basic engineering and pre-feasibility study of CSP plants who find themselves in the process of selecting a particular power cycle for a new project (set of specifications and boundary conditions).

Unique Elements of the Olmsted County Facility Expansion

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Clark
Keyword(s):  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Olmsted County ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Risk Approach ◽  
Major Equipment ◽  
Facility Expansion

Olmsted County is currently expanding their existing waste-to-energy facility in Rochester, Minnesota to add a third mass burn waste combustor. The new unit will have a capacity of 200 TPD, effectively doubling the size of the existing capacity. This paper will discuss some of the unique aspects of this project and review the current status. Some of the interesting and unique features to be discussed include: 1. Environmental Permitting – The county decided to do a voluntary EIS. 2. Project approach – The county is using a Construction Manager at Risk approach for construction of the facility. 3. Engineering – The engineering scope includes several separate procurements of major equipment packages, balance of plant design and several auxiliary projects related to the ‘utility’ system. 4. Operator Collaboration – Olmsted County is one of a few public owners that operate their facility. Their knowledge of the existing facility and of operating a mass burn facility has been used extensively in the planning and design of the new unit.

scholarly journals The Design of a 3MW Kalina Cycle Experimental Plant

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Kalina ◽  
H. M. Leibowitz
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Waste Heat Boiler ◽  
Process Flow Diagram ◽  
Kalina Cycle ◽  
Experimental Project ◽  
Major Equipment ◽  
Steam Cycle

An experimental project is now underway to demonstrate the advantages of the Kalina cycle technology. A Kalina Cycle Experimental Plant (KCEP) will be built as a 3 MW bottoming cycle using the waste heat from a facility within the Energy Technology Engineering Center (ETEC), a U.S. Department of Energy laboratory located in Canoga Park, California. The design of the experimental plant is presented, including the process flow diagram, heat and mass balance, and specifications for the plant’s major equipment; the waste heat boiler, turbine generator and distillation/condensation subsystem. Using a mixture of ammonia and water at a mass ratio of 70/30, and a new condenser design based on absorption principles, the Kalina cycle plant will attempt to demonstrate its superiority over the Rankine steam cycle. Based on single pressure designs at comparable peak cycle temperatures, the Kalina cycle’s output should exceed that of the steam cycle by 25 percent.

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