A Nutrient-Sensing Hexosamine Signaling Pathway

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hanover ◽  
Dona Love
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Nutrient Sensing

scholarly journals Dietary Lysine Regulates Body Growth Performance via the Nutrient-Sensing Signaling Pathways in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqiang Wang ◽  
Yujue Xu ◽  
Shuyan Chi ◽  
Peng Yang ◽  
Kangsen Mai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Human Beings

Lysine is known to be a functional nutrient from yeast to human beings. However, the mechanisms for lysine to regulate body growth and metabolism in fish species are far from fully illuminated. In order to elucidate the molecular effects of lysine on growth performance and metabolism, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), which is extremely sensitive to protein composition, was chosen as the experimental model. Juvenile largemouth bass (4.16 ± 0.02 g) were fed with the lysine control diet (LC diet), the lysine supplementation diet (LS diet), and the low lysine diet (LL diet) for 8 weeks. The results showed that the LS diet group significantly increased fish growth, feed efficiency, and nutrient retention compared with those of the LL diet group in largemouth bass. Moreover, compared to the LL diet, lysine supplementation also elevated the plasma total protein, total EAA, total AA, and some individual AA concentrations. Mechanistically, lysine supplementation had a significant effect to decrease the mRNA expression levels of peptide and AA transporters induced by lysine restriction. Lysine supplementation also had an important impact on regulating the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway. More importantly, the key regulators in the amino acid response (AAR) signaling pathway were also down-regulated by lysine supplementation. Our results provide a clear elucidation of how dietary lysine affected growth performance, physiological and biochemical responses, and signaling responses and represent a sound foundation for using lysine to improve the nutrient utilization of poultry by-product meal in largemouth bass.

scholarly journals Role of Dietary Amino Acids and Nutrient Sensing System in Pregnancy Associated Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarique Hussain ◽  
Bie Tan ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
Elsayed Metwally ◽  
Huansheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Dietary Amino Acids ◽  
In Pregnancy

Defective implantation is related to pregnancy-associated disorders such as spontaneous miscarriage, intrauterine fetal growth restriction and others. Several factors proclaimed to be involved such as physiological, nutritional, environmental and managemental that leads to cause oxidative stress. Overloading of free radicals promotes oxidative stress, and the internal body system could not combat its ability to encounter the damaging effects and subsequently leading to pregnancy-related disorders. During pregnancy, essential amino acids display important role for optimum fetal growth and other necessary functions for continuing fruitful pregnancy. In this context, dietary amino acids have received much attention regarding the nutritional concerns during pregnancy. Arginine, glutamine, tryptophan and taurine play a crucial role in fetal growth, development and survival while ornithine and proline are important players for the regulation of gene expression, protein synthesis and angiogenesis. Moreover, amino acids also stimulate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway which plays a central role in the synthesis of proteins in placenta, uterus and fetus. This review article explores the significances of dietary amino acids in pregnancy development, regulation of nutrient-sensing pathways such as mTOR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS) and 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which exhibit important role in reproduction and its related problems. In addition, the antioxidant function of dietary amino acids against oxidative stress triggering pregnancy disorders and their possible outcomes will also be enlightened. Dietary supplementation of amino acids during pregnancy could help mitigate reproductive disorders and thereby improving fertility in animals as well as humans.

Adipocytes with increased hexosamine flux exhibit insulin resistance, increased glucose uptake, and increased synthesis and storage of lipid

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. E973-E979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. McClain ◽  
Mark Hazel ◽  
Glendon Parker ◽  
Robert C. Cooksey
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Hexosamine Pathway

The hexosamine signaling pathway has been shown to serve a nutrient-sensing function. We have previously shown that overexpression of the rate-limiting enzyme for hexosamine synthesis (glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase) in adipose tissue of transgenic mice results in skeletal muscle insulin resistance and altered regulation of leptin and adiponectin. To dissect the pathways by which the hexosamine pathway affects fuel storage and energy homeostasis, we have examined the characteristics of adipocytes from these animals. After 3 mo of age, epididymal fat pads from adult transgenic animals are 42% heavier ( P = 0.003) and individual adipocytes are 23% larger in diameter ( P < 0.05) than those from littermate wild-type controls. Isolated adipocytes from transgenic mice are insulin resistant, with a 2.5-fold increase in the ED50 for stimulation of 2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake. However, maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is increased in transgenic adipocytes by 39% ( P < 0.05). This upregulation of glucose uptake was associated with a 41% increase in the expression of GLUT4 mRNA and a 28% increase in GLUT4 protein in transgenics compared with controls ( P < 0.05). GLUT1 mRNA and protein did not significantly differ between fasted control and transgenics. Total lipid synthesis was also increased in epididymal adipocytes from transgenic animals by 206% compared with controls ( P < 0.05). Fatty acid oxidation was increased 1.6-fold in the transgenic adipocytes ( P < 0.05). We conclude that the hexosamine signaling pathway upregulates fat storage in adipocytes in states of carbohydrate excess, in part by increasing GLUT4 and glucose uptake and by augmenting fatty acid synthesis.

Wnt signaling pathway regulates the differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S41-S41
Author(s):  
Yang Bi ◽  
Yun He ◽  
Tingyu Li ◽  
Tao Feng ◽  
Tongchuan He
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Hepatic Progenitor Cells

285: The Role of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Interstitial Cystitis

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Raymond R. Rackley ◽  
Mei Kuang ◽  
Ashwin A. Vaze ◽  
Joseph Abdelmalak ◽  
Sandip P. Vasavada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Signaling Pathway

417: The Human Androgen Receptor Gene is a Primary Target of the WNT Signaling Pathway

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 136-136
Author(s):  
Ralph Buttyan ◽  
Xuezhen Yang ◽  
Min-Wei Chen ◽  
Debra L. Bemis ◽  
Mitchell C. Benson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Human Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
Human Androgen Receptor

1451: Positive Efect of Prostaglandin on Regulation of Prostate Blood Flow-Investigation of the Key Factor in the Signaling Pathway of The Prostate Blood Flow-

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 393-393
Author(s):  
Bunzo Kashiwagi ◽  
Yasuhiro Shibata ◽  
Kazunari Ohki ◽  
Seiji Arai ◽  
Seijiro Honma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Flow Investigation ◽  
Key Factor

P 53 and p56: A new signaling pathway in human endometrium and endometrial adenocarcinomas

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
G COUCHMAN ◽  
R BENTLEY ◽  
M TSAO ◽  
K RASZMANN ◽  
J MCLACHLAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Human Endometrium ◽  
P 53
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