Epidemiological Impact of Diarrheic Toxins

2008 ◽  
pp. 71-94
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Impact

Considerations in Dysphagia Management Following Esophagectomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Evangelista ◽  
James L. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ◽  
Esophageal Resection ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties ◽  
Epidemiological Impact ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Management Of Dysphagia

Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Esophageal resection is the mainstay treatment for cancers of the esophagus. While curative, surgical resection may result in swallowing difficulties that require intervention from speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Minimally invasive surgical procedures for esophageal resection have aimed to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with more invasive techniques. Both intra-operative and post-operative complications, regardless of the surgical approach, can result in dysphagia. This article will review the epidemiological impact of esophageal cancers, operative complications resulting in dysphagia, and clinical assessment and management of dysphagia pertinent to esophageal resection.

Antibody Therapy for the Control of Viral Diseases: An Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1108-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Dibo ◽  
Eduardo C. Battocchio ◽  
Lucas M. dos Santos Souza ◽  
Matheus D. Veloso da Silva ◽  
Bruna K. Banin-Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Epidemiological Impact

The epidemiological impact of viral diseases, combined with the emergence and reemergence of some viruses, and the difficulties in identifying effective therapies, have encouraged several studies to develop new therapeutic strategies for viral infections. In this context, the use of immunotherapy for the treatment of viral diseases is increasing. One of the strategies of immunotherapy is the use of antibodies, particularly the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and multi-specific antibodies, which bind directly to the viral antigen and bring about activation of the immune system. With current advancements in science and technology, several such antibodies are being tested, and some are already approved and are undergoing clinical trials. The present work aims to review the status of mAb development for the treatment of viral diseases.

scholarly journals Economic and epidemiological impact of different intervention strategies for clinical contagious mastitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 1483-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Gussmann ◽  
Wilma Steeneveld ◽  
Carsten Kirkeby ◽  
Henk Hogeveen ◽  
Mirjam Nielen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Epidemiological Impact

scholarly journals The burden of congenital Chagas disease and implementation of molecular diagnostic tools in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. e001069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Picado ◽  
Israel Cruz ◽  
Maël Redard-Jacot ◽  
Alejandro G Schijman ◽  
Faustino Torrico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Epidemiological Impact ◽  
And Performance

It is estimated that between 8000 and 15 000 Trypanosoma cruzi infected babies are born every year to infected mothers in Chagas disease endemic countries. Currently, poor access to and performance of the current diagnostic algorithm, based on microscopy at birth and serology at 8–12 months after delivery, is one of the barriers to congenital Chagas disease (CCD) control. Detection of parasite DNA using molecular diagnostic tools could be an alternative or complement to current diagnostic methods, but its implementation in endemic regions remains limited. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of CCD cases would have a positive clinical and epidemiological impact. In this paper, we analysed the burden of CCD in Latin America, and the potential use of molecular tests to improve access to early diagnosis and treatment of T. cruzi infected newborns.

scholarly journals Usefulness of genetic typing methods to trace epidemiologically Salmonella serotype Ohio

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. SOTO ◽  
N. MARTÍNEZ ◽  
B. GUERRA ◽  
M. A. GONZÁLEZ-HEVIA ◽  
M. C. MENDOZA
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Dna Fingerprints ◽  
Genetic Typing ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Epidemiological Impact ◽  
Salmonella Serotype

Different genetic typing procedures were applied in an epidemiological study of Salmonella serotype Ohio. Isolates that generated identical DNA fingerprints (HincII ribotypes, ERIC and RAPD profiles) were clustered into the same lineage, and the addition of data from plasmid, integron and resistance profiles was used to differentiate types. Results led to the determination of the endemic and the emergent epidemic types at specific times, and to ascertain the clinical and epidemiological impact of each type. In the series analysed (47 clinical isolates and 3 non-clinical isolates) 11 lineages and 32 types were found. Two lineages were considered prevalent and endemic, and during an epidemiological alert (Spain, 1998) a re-emergence and spread of organisms mainly from the most frequent lineage had occurred. The combination of H-ribotype with ERIC profile, as primary markers, and resistance profile with plasmid profile, as secondary markers, was shown to be the most useful tool to trace epidemiologically Ohio.

scholarly journals Epidemiological impact of waning immunization on a vaccinated population

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Grela ◽  
Michael Stich ◽  
Amit K Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Impact

scholarly journals Achieving a “step change” in the tuberculosis epidemic through comprehensive community-wide intervention: a model-based analysis

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourya Shrestha ◽  
Emily A. Kendall ◽  
Rebekah Chang ◽  
Roy Joseph ◽  
Parastu Kasaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Step Change ◽  
Health System Strengthening ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Epidemiological Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Global progress towards reducing tuberculosis (TB) incidence and mortality has consistently lagged behind the World Health Organization targets leading to a perception that large reductions in TB burden cannot be achieved. However, several recent and historical trials suggest that intervention efforts that are comprehensive and intensive can have a substantial epidemiological impact. We aimed to quantify the potential epidemiological impact of an intensive but realistic, community-wide campaign utilizing existing tools and designed to achieve a “step change” in the TB burden. Methods We developed a compartmental model that resembled TB transmission and epidemiology of a mid-sized city in India, the country with the greatest absolute TB burden worldwide. We modeled the impact of a one-time, community-wide screening campaign, with treatment for TB disease and preventive therapy for latent TB infection (LTBI). This one-time intervention was followed by the strengthening of the tuberculosis-related health system, potentially facilitated by leveraging the one-time campaign. We estimated the tuberculosis cases and deaths that could be averted over 10 years using this comprehensive approach and assessed the contributions of individual components of the intervention. Results A campaign that successfully screened 70% of the adult population for active and latent tuberculosis and subsequently reduced diagnostic and treatment delays and unsuccessful treatment outcomes by 50% was projected to avert 7800 (95% range 5450–10,200) cases and 1710 (1290–2180) tuberculosis-related deaths per 1 million population over 10 years. Of the total averted deaths, 33.5% (28.2–38.3) were attributable to the inclusion of preventive therapy and 52.9% (48.4–56.9) to health system strengthening. Conclusions A one-time, community-wide mass campaign, comprehensively designed to detect, treat, and prevent tuberculosis with currently existing tools can have a meaningful and long-lasting epidemiological impact. Successful treatment of LTBI is critical to achieving this result. Health system strengthening is essential to any effort to transform the TB response.

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