Peculiarities of the phytosanitary state of pome fruits in industrial horticulture

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
V. V. Antonenko ◽  
A. V. Zubkov ◽  
S. N. Kruchina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Data were obtained on the basis of the results of research carried out on the territory of the educational and experimental farm of the Timiryazev State Agrarian University, in Moscow during 2018-2019. As a result of the surveys, the most dangerous diseases and pests of pome crops on the territory of this farm were established. The most resistant apple and pear varieties to major diseases have been identified. Peculiarities of development of alternariosis on pear are described, the harmfulness of the disease on pear and apple seedlings is noted. A possible role in the transfer of alternariosis infection from garden-protective plantations and weed vegetation to fruit trees was noted. A possible role has been established in the transport of septoriosis, powdery dew infection from dicotyledonous weeds plants. The peculiarities of the spread of infection under the influence of wind direction are noted. The results and peculiarities of the application of various methods of scaring birds in the orchard are presented. As a result of route surveys the most harmful weed plants have been identified. The possibility of using herbicides of different mechanism of action in fruit gardens for weed control has been studied. High efficiency and relative safety of application of herbicides of contact action in nursery fields, operational orchards and for control of piglets on fruit trees are shown. Recommendations are given for the use of soil and systemic herbicides of soil in seedlings beds, the first and second fields of the nursery, as well as in the process of production of large-scale planting material and operational orchards of fruit crops. The safety of the herbicides in question is established when used in accordance with the recommended methods of use.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection and Quantification of Patulin and Citrinin Contamination in Fruits

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4545
Author(s):  
Sudharsan Sadhasivam ◽  
Omer Barda ◽  
Varda Zakin ◽  
Ram Reifen ◽  
Edward Sionov
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Reliable Methods ◽  
By Products ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Patulin (PAT) and citrinin (CTN) are the most common mycotoxins produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus species and are often associated with fruits and fruit by-products. Hence, simple and reliable methods for monitoring these toxins in foodstuffs are required for regular quality assessment. In this study, we aimed to establish a cost-effective method for detection and quantification of PAT and CTN in pome fruits, such as apples and pears, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with spectroscopic detectors without the need for any clean-up steps. The method showed good performance in the analysis of these mycotoxins in apple and pear fruit samples with recovery ranges of 55–97% for PAT and 84–101% for CTN, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) of PAT and CTN in fruits were 0.006 µg/g and 0.001 µg/g, while their limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.018 µg/g and 0.003 µg/g, respectively. The present findings indicate that the newly developed HPLC method provides rapid and accurate detection of PAT and CTN in fruits.

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics Used to Predict Virulence Factors and Metabolic Genes among Monilinia Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Marina Marcet-Houben ◽  
Maria Villarino ◽  
Laura Vilanova ◽  
Antonieta De Cal ◽  
Jan A. L. van Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Significant Yield

Brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp., is among the most important diseases in stone fruits, and some pome fruits (mainly apples). This disease is responsible for significant yield losses, particularly in stone fruits, when weather conditions favorable for disease development appear. To achieve future sustainable strategies to control brown rot on fruit, one potential approach will be to characterize genomic variation among Monilinia spp. to define, among others, the capacity to infect fruit in this genus. In the present work, we performed genomic and phylogenomic comparisons of five Monilinia species and inferred differences in numbers of secreted proteins, including CAZy proteins and other proteins important for virulence. Duplications specific to Monilinia were sparse and, overall, more genes have been lost than gained. Among Monilinia spp., low variability in the CAZome was observed. Interestingly, we identified several secondary metabolism clusters based on similarity to known clusters, and among them was a cluster with homology to pyriculol that could be responsible for the synthesis of chloromonilicin. Furthermore, we compared sequences of all strains available from NCBI of these species to assess their MAT loci and heterokaryon compatibility systems. Our comparative analyses provide the basis for future studies into understanding how these genomic differences underlie common or differential abilities to interact with the host plant.

Rapid and reliable detection of glyphosate in pome fruits, berries, pulses and cereals by flow injection – Mass spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 125813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biancamaria Ciasca ◽  
Ivan Pecorelli ◽  
Lavinia Lepore ◽  
Angela Paoloni ◽  
Lucia Catucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Reliable Detection

Grapholita molesta (Oriental fruit moth).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Il'ichev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Young Shoot ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Pome Fruits

Abstract G. molesta is a serious pest of economic importance of commercial stone and pome fruits around the world. G. molesta damages peaches, nectarines, plums, cherries, apricots, apples, pears, quinces and nashi (Asian pears) and can also attack and cause economic damage on other commercial fruits. In severe attacks, young trees can suffer distortion of growing shoots and stems, which makes pruning, training and shaping the tree canopy difficult, particularly for close-planting industrial systems such as Tatura trellis. One larva can damage many shoots by tunnelling deep into young shoot tips. Larvae move to feed on the green fruits usually after shoots mature and harden. One larva can damage many fruits, particularly when fruits are located close to each other.

Pome Fruits

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvio Bellini ◽  
Edgardo Giordani ◽  
Daniele Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Pome Fruits

scholarly journals Extract of Nicotiana tabacum as a potential control agent of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souvic Sarker ◽  
Un Taek Lim
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Important Pest

Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important pest of stone and pome fruits. Growers usually depend on chemical insecticides to control this pest, but demand for more environmentally-friendly means of controlling pests is increasing. At least 77 plant extracts have been reported to be effective against other lepidopterans, but their acute toxicity against G. molesta has rarely been studied. Among these 77 materials, we assessed the residual toxicity of 32 extracts against first instar larvae (

Use of Glacial Acetic Acid to Enhance Bisexual Monitoring of Tortricid Pests With Kairomone Lures in Pome Fruits

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1628-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Knight ◽  
R. Hilton ◽  
E. Basoalto ◽  
L. L. Stelinski
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Pome Fruits
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