Prolactin and the Regulation if Secretion Including Membrane Flow: Potential Roles for Tubulin and Microtubules*

2018 ◽  
pp. 153-178
Author(s):  
Robert F. Loizzi
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Flow ◽  
Flow Potential

scholarly journals A Study of Yielding and Plasticity of Rapid Prototyped ABS

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Dan-Andrei Șerban ◽  
Cosmin Marșavina ◽  
Alexandru Viorel Coșa ◽  
George Belgiu ◽  
Radu Negru
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Plastic Flow ◽  
Plane Stress ◽  
Yield Criterion ◽  
Numerical Analyses ◽  
Flow Potential ◽  
Stress States ◽  
State Configuration

In this article, the yielding and plastic flow of a rapid-prototyped ABS compound was investigated for various plane stress states. The experimental procedures consisted of multiaxial tests performed on an Arcan device on specimens manufactured through photopolymerization. Numerical analyses were employed in order to determine the yield points for each stress state configuration. The results were used for the calibration of the Hosford yield criterion and flow potential. Numerical analyses performed on identical specimen models and test configurations yielded results that are in accordance with the experimental data.

Internal Variable Theory Formulated by One Extended Potential Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Qiang Yang ◽  
Zhuofu Tao ◽  
Yaoru Liu
Keyword(s):  
Potential Function ◽  
Internal Variable ◽  
The State ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Kinetic Rate ◽  
Variable Theory ◽  
Rate Laws ◽  
Flow Potential ◽  
Internal Variable Theory

AbstractIn the kinetic rate laws of internal variables, it is usually assumed that the rates of internal variables depend on the conjugate forces of the internal variables and the state variables. The dependence on the conjugate force has been fully addressed around flow potential functions. The kinetic rate laws can be formulated with two potential functions, the free energy function and the flow potential function. The dependence on the state variables has not been well addressed. Motivated by the previous study on the asymptotic stability of the internal variable theory by J. R. Rice, the thermodynamic significance of the dependence on the state variables is addressed in this paper. It is shown in this paper that the kinetic rate laws can be formulated by one extended potential function defined in an extended state space if the rates of internal variables do not depend explicitly on the internal variables. The extended state space is spanned by the state variables and the rate of internal variables. Furthermore, if the rates of internal variables do not depend explicitly on state variables, an extended Gibbs equation can be established based on the extended potential function, from which all constitutive equations can be recovered. This work may be considered as a certain Lagrangian formulation of the internal variable theory.

Normality Structures With Thermodynamic Equilibrium Points

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Yang ◽  
R. K. Wang ◽  
L. J. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Thermodynamic System ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
System A ◽  
Plastic Dissipation ◽  
Flow Potential ◽  
Yield Surfaces ◽  
Intrinsic Dissipation ◽  
Independent Behavior

Enriched by the nonlinear Onsager reciprocal relations and thermodynamic equilibrium points (Onsager, Phys. Rev., 37, pp. 405–406; 38, pp. 2265–2279), an extended normality structure by Rice (1971, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 19, pp. 433–455) is established in this paper as a unified nonlinear thermodynamic theory of solids. It is revealed that the normality structure stems from the microscale irrotational thermodynamic fluxes. Within the extended normality structure, this paper focuses on the microscale thermodynamic mechanisms and significance of the convexity of flow potentials and yield surfaces. It is shown that the flow potential is convex if the conjugate force increment cannot not oppose the increment of the rates of local internal variables. For the Rice fluxes, the convexity condition reduces to the local rates being monotonic increasing functions with respect to their conjugate forces. The convexity of the flow potential provides the thermodynamic system a capability against the disturbance of the thermodynamic equilibrium point. It is proposed for time-independent behavior that the set of plastically admissible stresses determined by yield conditions corresponds to the set of thermodynamic equilibrium points. Based on that viewpoint, the intrinsic dissipation inequality is just the thermodynamic counterpart of the principle of maximum plastic dissipation and requires the convexity of the yield surfaces.

scholarly journals Going against the flow: potential mechanisms for unexpected downslope range shifts in a warming climate

Ecography ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Lenoir ◽  
Jean-Claude Gégout ◽  
Antoine Guisan ◽  
Pascal Vittoz ◽  
Thomas Wohlgemuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Shifts ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Flow Potential

The Effect of the Steady Flow Potential on the Motions of a Moving Ship in Waves

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 14-32
Author(s):  
Ming-Chung Fang
Keyword(s):  
Steady Flow ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Series Expansions ◽  
Ship Motions ◽  
Double Integral ◽  
Flow Potential ◽  
Principal Value ◽  
Good Agreement

A three-dimensional method to analyze the motions of a ship running in waves is presented, including the effects of the steady-flow potential. Basically, the general formulations are based on the source distribution technique by which the ship hull surface is regarded as the assembly of many panels. The present study includes three algorithms for treating the corresponding Green function:the Hess & Smith algorithm for the part of simple source I/r,the complex plane contour integral of the Shen & Farell algorithm for the double integral of steady flow, andthe series expansions of the Telste & Noblesse algorithm for the Cauchy principal value integral of unsteady flow. The study reveals that the effect of steady flow on ship motions is generally small, but it still cannot be neglected in some cases, especially for the ship running in oblique waves. The effect also depends on the fore-aft configuration of the ship. The results predicted by the present method are found to be in fairly good agreement with existing experiments and other theories.

scholarly journals Estimation of hazen williams’s constant for a residential water distribution network; GMDH and PSO approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Kumar Tyagi ◽  
Mrinmoy Majumder ◽  
Chander Kant ◽  
Ashish Prabhat Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Pipe Flow ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Closed Channel ◽  
Computation Techniques ◽  
Flow Potential ◽  
Residential Water

Hazen-William equation is used to estimate the Fluid flow in closed channel. There are various models for estimation of pipe flow, however the accuracy and reliability of models varies due to the empirical nature of the Hazen-William constant .the applicability of model also become constrained due to the dependency of constant on pipe material, dimension and flow potential. Different type of pipeline arranged in different Networks will require different value of the constant and is generally retrieved from the data collected for the pipe network. The case dependency of the model has makes the model erroneous and often subjective that is why the present study tries to propose a model which can be used for any network where the output will depend upon the inputs. In this aspect the soft computation techniques: - GMDH and PSO was utilized in an unconventional way to establish the value of CHW =f (H, L, V, D).  According to result the GMDH becomes the better model than the PSO where the accuracy is about 76.315%. 

scholarly journals Mathematical Model and Simulation for Nutrient-Plant Interaction Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byunghyun Ban
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Absorption Model ◽  
Membrane Flow ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Model And Simulation

Differential equation models to understand interaction between plant and nutrient solution are presented. The root cells selectively emit H+ ions with active transport consuming ATPs to establish electrical gradient along the cell membrane. It establishes electrical field with Nernst potential to make positively charged ions outside the cell membrane flow into the root cell. Anion influx is also modulated by H+ ion concentration because plant root cell absorbs negatively charged particles with symport. If an anion collides with H+ cell to make net charge as neutral, at symport channel, it can flow through. In this paper, mathematical models for cation and anion absorption are introduced. Cation absorption model was induced from Ohm's law combined with Goldman's equation. Anion absorption model is similar to chemical reaction rate model. Both models have physiological terms influenced by gene expression pattern, species or phenotypes. Cation model also includes terms for ion's kinetic and electrical properties, growth of plant and interaction between the root and the surroundings. Simulation for 20 different sets of coefficients showed that the physiology-related coefficient has important role on nutrition absorption tendencies of plants.

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