scholarly journals Global Use of Traditional and Complementary Medicine in Childhood Cancer: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Diorio ◽  
Catherine G. Lam ◽  
Elena J. Ladas ◽  
Festus Njuguna ◽  
Glenn M. Afungchwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Medicine ◽  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
Active Treatment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Treatment Abandonment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) strategies are commonly used in pediatric oncology. Patterns may vary based on country income. We systematically reviewed published studies describing T&CM use among pediatric oncology patients in low-income countries (LIC/LMIC), middle-income countries (UMIC), and high-income countries (HIC). Objectives included describing estimated prevalence of use, reasons for use, perceived effectiveness, modalities used, rates of disclosure, and reporting of delayed or abandoned treatment. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ProceedingsFirst were searched. Inclusion criteria were primary studies involving children younger than the age of 18 years, undergoing active treatment of cancer, and any T&CM use. Exclusion criteria included no pediatric oncology–specific outcomes and studies involving only children off active treatment. Data were extracted by two reviewers using a systematic data extraction form determined a priori. Results Sixty-five studies published between 1977 and 2015 were included, representing 61 unique data sets and 7,219 children from 34 countries. The prevalence of T&CM use ranged from 6% to 100%. Median rates of use were significantly different in LIC/LMIC (66.7% ± 19%), UMIC (60% ± 26%), and HIC (47.2% ± 20%; P = .02). Rates of disclosure differed significantly by country income, with higher median rates in HIC. Seven studies reported on treatment abandonment or delays. Conclusion The use of T&CM in pediatric oncology is common worldwide, with higher median prevalence of use reported in LIC/LMIC. Further research is warranted to examine the impact on treatment abandonment and delay.

scholarly journals The gender and geography of publishing: a review of sex/gender reporting and author representation in leading general medical and global health journals

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e005672
Author(s):  
Rebekah Merriman ◽  
Ilaria Galizia ◽  
Sonja Tanaka ◽  
Ashley Sheffel ◽  
Kent Buse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Collaborative Partnerships ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionDiverse gender and geographical representation matters in research. We aimed to review medical and global health journals’ sex/gender reporting, and the gender and geography of authorship.Methods542 research and non-research articles from 14 selected journals were reviewed using a retrospective survey design. Paper screening and systematic data extraction was conducted with descriptive statistics and regression analyses calculated from the coded data. Outcome measures were journal characteristics, the extent to which published articles met sex/gender reporting guidelines, plus author gender and location of their affiliated institution.ResultsFive of the fourteen journals explicitly encourage sex/gender analysis in their author instructions, but this did not lead to increased sex/gender reporting beyond the gender of study participants (OR=3.69; p=0.000 (CI 1.79 to 7.60)). Just over half of research articles presented some level of sex/gender analysis, while 40% mentioned sex/gender in their discussion. Articles with women first and last authors were 2.4 times more likely to discuss sex/gender than articles with men in those positions (p=0.035 (CI 1.062 to 5.348)). First and last authors from high-income countries (HICs) were 19 times as prevalent as authors from low-income countries; and women from low-income and middle-income countries were at a disadvantage in terms of the impact factor of the journals they published in.ConclusionGlobal health and medical research fails to consistently apply a sex/gender lens and remains largely the preserve of authors in HIC. Collaborative partnerships and funding support are needed to promote gender-sensitive research and dismantle historical power dynamics in authorship.

scholarly journals The Impact of Various Mode of Financings in Reducing Inequality in Various Groups of Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-43
Author(s):  
Irma Yuliani ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Rohman
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Islamic Bank ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The existence of Islamic bank not always provide positive impact to the real sector of economy. Declining inequality is one of the expected significant impacts with appyling mode of financing as instrument to relize that. This study aims to investigate the impact of mode of financing was applied by Islamic bank to reduce inequality among countries of IsDB Group. World bank data and IDB data of Islamic banks are employed as samples from 1977 to 2018. The results show that equity and leasing have a positive effect and significant to reduce inequality for low income countries, where the leasing or ijarah have the most effective impact than all. In addition, instalment sale of financing has a significant impact to reduce inequality for middle-income countries, loan is being the only significant mode of financing to reduce inequality in all IDB countries. Unfortunately, Mudharabah, PLS (profit and loss sharing), Murabahan and Istishna have not significantly impact to reduce inequality

scholarly journals TESTING HECKSCHER-OHLIN-VANEK THEOREM BY USING NORMALIZED TRADE BALANCE APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berislav Žmuk ◽  
Hrvoje Jošić
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Produced Capital ◽  
The Impact

The study described here introduces new approach for testing the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem based on the normalized trade balance concept. The intention was to include in the analysis all countries worldwide but due to the lack of data a certain number of countries had to be excluded. Overall 111 countries were observed according to region and income level for the year 2014. The HOV model was estimated using the sign test. It compared the expected sign of the normalized trade balance or net exports, according to the SITC 2 product classification, with the relative endowment of production factors intensively used in the production of a specific product. Production factors were divided into groups such as produced capital, labour force and natural resources further divided into forests, metals and minerals, oil, coal and gas, pastureland and cropland. Researchers in R&D per million people variable represented the impact of technological differences across countries. The results of the sign test have shown that the HOV theorem held in 55% of cases. The percentage of matched signs was highest for the non-OECD high income countries (75%) and lowest for the lower middle income and low income countries (below 50%).

scholarly journals On the determinants of trade openness in low- and lower–middle-income countries in Africa: how important is economic growth?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Boahene Osei ◽  
Yakubu Awudu Sare ◽  
Muazu Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe existing literature highlights the determinants of trade openness with disregard to the income classifications of countries in examining whether the determinants differ given their income levels. This study, therefore, re-examines the drivers of trade openness in Africa relying on panel data with special focus on the role of economic growth. More specifically, we perform a comparative analysis of the factors influencing trade openness for low-income and lower–middle-income countries using the system generalized method of moments. Our findings suggest that, while economic growth robustly enhances openness in low-income countries, in the case of lower–middle-income countries, the impact is not robust and largely negative suggesting that higher growth is associated with less openness. We also find that, economic growth–openness nexus for the lower-income countries exhibits non-linearities and inverted U-shaped relationship in particular. Thus, while increases in real GDP per capita enhance openness, beyond an estimated threshold point, any increases in economic growth dampen openness. We discuss key implications for policy.

More than poverty

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore D. Wachs ◽  
Santiago Cueto ◽  
Haogen Yao
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Developmental Risks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Studies from both high and low-middle income (LAMI) countries have documented how being reared in poverty is linked to compromised child development. Links between poverty and development are mediated by the timing and extent of exposure to both risk factors nested under poverty and to protective influences which can attenuate the impact of risk. While children from high-, middle-, and low-income countries are exposed to similar types of developmental risks, children from low- and middle-income countries are exposed to a greater number, more varied and more intense risks. Given these contextual differences, cumulative risk models may provide a better fit than mediated models for understanding the nature of pathways linking economic insufficiency and developmental inequality in low- and middle-income countries, and for designing interventions to promote development of children from these countries. New evidence from a large scale UNICEF data set illustrates the application of a cumulative risk/protective perspective in low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus Profile

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatim Kouismi ◽  
Sanae Hammi ◽  
Khalid Bouti ◽  
Aziza Rhanim ◽  
Khaoula El Ataouna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Impact

Background : About 95% of patients with tuberculosis (TB) and 70% of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) live in low and middle-income countries. As a result, DM and TB are increasingly occurring together. The risk of tuberculosis is two to five times greater in patients with diabetes.The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes and to evaluate the impact of tuberculosis on diabetes control. Patients and Methods : This is a retrospective study of 80 patients with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis, comparing 30 patients with diabetes with 50 without diabetes. Results : Diabetes was more frequent in older patients with tuberculosis and in male patients. 63,3% had type 2 diabetes. Tuberculosis symptoms did not differ between the two groups. Involvement of basal segments of the lower lobes and cavitation occurred more frequently in patients with diabetes, but this difference was not significant. The time for conversion to negative of sputum culture was longer in control patients (44,1 ± 20,2 days) than in case (36 ± 18.3) (p = 0.08). Conclusion : Tuberculosis is frequently associated with diabetes mainly in low-income countries. The problem with this association could be accentuated in the future

scholarly journals Corporate Income Tax Rate and Foreign Direct Investment: A Cross-Country Empirical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Amalia Indah Sujarwati ◽  
Riatu Mariatul Qibthiyyah
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Tax Havens ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to explore the impact of Corporate Income Tax Rate (CITR) on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), specified based on income levels of countries. Using an unbalanced fixed-effect method of 112 countries over the period of 2003–2017, our finding shows that CITR has no significant impact on FDI. Corporate Income Tax (CIT) is levied on all firms, and as CIT is generally more complex than other types of taxes, its influences on FDI are in question. Excluding tax havens from the sample, our findings show that CITR has a weak significance only in the lower-middle-income and low-income countries.

scholarly journals Overview of the Development, Impacts, and Challenges of Live-Attenuated Oral Rotavirus Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Samuel Folorunso ◽  
Olihile M. Sebolai
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness are paramount to vaccine development. Following the isolation of rotavirus particles in 1969 and its evidence as an aetiology of severe dehydrating diarrhoea in infants and young children worldwide, the quest to find not only an acceptable and reliable but cost-effective vaccine has continued until now. Four live-attenuated oral rotavirus vaccines (LAORoVs) (Rotarix®, RotaTeq®, Rotavac®, and RotaSIIL®) have been developed and licensed to be used against all forms of rotavirus-associated infection. The efficacy of these vaccines is more obvious in the high-income countries (HIC) compared with the low- to middle-income countries (LMICs); however, the impact is far exceeding in the low-income countries (LICs). Despite the rotavirus vaccine efficacy and effectiveness, more than 90 countries (mostly Asia, America, and Europe) are yet to implement any of these vaccines. Implementation of these vaccines has continued to suffer a setback in these countries due to the vaccine cost, policy, discharging of strategic preventive measures, and infrastructures. This review reappraises the impacts and effectiveness of the current live-attenuated oral rotavirus vaccines from many representative countries of the globe. It examines the problems associated with the low efficacy of these vaccines and the way forward. Lastly, forefront efforts put forward to develop initial procedures for oral rotavirus vaccines were examined and re-connected to today vaccines.

scholarly journals Free Trade Agreements and Environment for Sustainable Development: A Gravity Model Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Yao ◽  
Rizwana Yasmeen ◽  
Yunong Li ◽  
Muhammad Hafeez ◽  
Ihtsham Padda
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
High Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Impact

Free trade agreements (FTAs) have a key role in the global value chain. In the meantime, these are also disturbing the environmental balance of the world. The objective of this study is to check whether the trade is good or bad for the environments of countries that are bonded by trade agreements. This study examines the impact of FTAs on bilateral carbon emissions within the gravity framework. We find a positive impact of FTA agreements on bilateral CO2 pollution. However, in an income-based country group analysis, we find mixed evidence regarding FTAs. The analysis concerning high income countries indicates that free trade agreements are beneficial for high income countries, while, in the case of upper middle income and lower middle income countries, we find that the free trade agreements are not beneficial for their environments. These results of the effects of FTAs on bilateral CO2 pollution imply that low income countries have a greater pollution effect even after the implementation of an FTA due to lenient environmental standards. There is a need for developing countries to learn from high income countries, as their FTAs are beneficial for decreasing pollution.

scholarly journals The Effects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Use on Human Development—A Macroeconomic Approach

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Nada Karaman Aksentijević ◽  
Zoran Ježić ◽  
Petra Adelajda Zaninović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Ict Use ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact

Information and communication technology (ICT) is considered a significant factor in economic growth and development. Over the past two decades, scholars have studied the impact of ICT on economic growth, but there has been little research that has addressed the impact of ICT on human development, which is considered one of the fundamental factors of economic development. This could be especially important from the perspective of developing countries, which can develop faster through the implementation of ICT. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of ICT use on human development, distinguishing effects among high, upper-middle, lower-middle and low-income countries following the World Bank classification 2020. Our sample includes 130 countries in the period from 2007 to 2019. The empirical analysis is based on dynamic panel data regression analysis. We use Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) as an estimator, i.e., two-step system GMM. The results primarily support the dynamic behaviour of human development. The results of the analysis also show that ICT has highly significant positive effects on human development in lower-middle-income and low-income countries, while the effects do not appear to be significant in high- and middle-income countries. This research serves as an argument for the need to invest in ICT and its implementation in low-income countries; however, it also suggests that the story is not one-sided and that there are possible negative effects of ICT use on human development. From the perspective of economic policy, the results can be a guideline for the implementation and use of ICT in developing countries, which could lead to economic growth and development and thus better quality of life. On the other hand, policymakers in developed countries cannot rely on ICT alone; they should also consider other technological innovations that could ensure a better quality of life.

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