scholarly journals New Developments in Photodynamic and Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 222s-222s
Author(s):  
M. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Photosensitizing Agents ◽  
Technological Developments

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is already widely used for the treatment of superficial tumors. Due to technological developments in the field of low-level laser therapy it can now also be used to treat various kinds of internal cancers, including breast, lung, prostate, bladder, rectal and other cancers. The principle is the photoactivation of a light sensitive substance (photosensitizer) which is injected into the bloodstream or directly into the tumor. After a certain amount of time the photosensitizer will be taken up by cancer cells by endocytosis. The cancerous area is then irradiated by laser light of appropriate wavelength, according to the absorption spectra of the photosensitizer. The emitted photons are absorbed by the photosensitizer which is thereby shifted to a highly reactive state. As a consequent, it interacts with tissue oxygen, leading to the development of reactive singlet oxygen radicals which are cytotoxic for cancer cells. Additional sonodynamic cancer therapy (SDT) improves the clinical outcomes. Aim: We describe a broad number of case studies to demonstrate the outstanding potential of the treatment protocols. Methods: We used indocyanine green, curcumin and hypericin as photosensitizing agents. Upon light activation, the agents react with oxygen, leading to the development of oxygen radicals which induce irreparable damage on cancer cells. Results: In the vast majority of all cases, significant reductions of tumor mass up to complete remissions could be achieved. Conclusion: Protocols consisting of photodynamic and sonodynamic cancer therapies have the potential to become mainstream cancer therapies in the next couple of years.

scholarly journals Low level laser therapy induces increased viability and proliferation in isolated cancer cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. e12417 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kara ◽  
H. Selamet ◽  
C. Gökmenoğlu ◽  
N. Kara
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Laser ◽  
Level Laser

scholarly journals MicroRNA-Based Combinatorial Cancer Therapy: Effects of MicroRNAs on the Efficacy of Anti-Cancer Therapies

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Ah Seo ◽  
Sokviseth Moeng ◽  
Seokmin Sim ◽  
Hyo Jeong Kuh ◽  
Soo Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Therapeutic Resistance ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Therapeutic Responses

The susceptibility of cancer cells to different types of treatments can be restricted by intrinsic and acquired therapeutic resistance, leading to the failure of cancer regression and remission. To overcome this problem, a combination therapy has been proposed as a fundamental strategy to improve therapeutic responses; however, resistance is still unavoidable. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are associated with cancer therapeutic resistance. The modulation of dysregulated miRNA levels through miRNA-based therapy comprising a replacement or inhibition approach has been proposed to sensitize cancer cells to other anti-cancer therapies. The combination of miRNA-based therapy with other anti-cancer therapies (miRNA-based combinatorial cancer therapy) is attractive, due to the ability of miRNAs to target multiple genes associated with the signaling pathways controlling therapeutic resistance. In this article, we present an overview of recent findings on the role of therapeutic resistance-related miRNAs in different types of cancer. We review the feasibility of utilizing dysregulated miRNAs in cancer cells and extracellular vesicles as potential candidates for miRNA-based combinatorial cancer therapy. We also discuss innate properties of miRNAs that need to be considered for more effective combinatorial cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of PhotoBioModulation (PBM) focused on oral mucositis prevention and treatment: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Courtois ◽  
Wafa Bouleftour ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Guy ◽  
Safa Louati ◽  
René-Jean Bensadoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Additional Mechanism ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Abstract Background Oral mucositis (OM) is a severe complication cancer patients undergo when treated with chemoradiotherapy. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy also known as low-level laser therapy has been increasingly used for the treatment of such oral toxicity. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms of photobiomodulation (PBM) regarding OM prevention and treatment, and more precisely to focus on the effect of PBM on tumor and healthy cells. Methods MEDLINE/PubMed, and google scholar were searched electronically. Selected studies were focusing on PBM effects on tumor and healthy cells. Results PBM interactions with the tissue and additional mechanism in OM therapy were detailed in this review. Moreover, this review highlighted a controversy about the carcinogenic effect of PBM. Indeed, Many studies reported that PBM could enhance malignant cell proliferation; suggesting that PBM would have no protective effect. In addition to acting on cancer cells, PBM may damage healthy cells. Conclusion More prospective studies are needed to assess the effect of PBM on cancer cells in order to improve its use for OM prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals IS LOW-LEVEL LASER THERAPY (LLLT) EFFECTIVE IN RELIEVING THE SYMPTOMS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS (TMDS)? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Lanas Teran ◽  
Kleber Vallejo Rosero ◽  
Maria Cristina Zindel Deboni ◽  
Maria Graça Naclério Homem
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Level Laser

Introduction: LLLT is used in various clinical situations for the relief of postoperative inflammatory symptoms in TMD cases. Many treatment protocols use laser radiation, but there is still no evidence as to whether one of them is superior to all the other. The objective was to establish whether there is evidence that LLLT can reduce the main symptoms of TMDs and to determine the most effective application protocol. Methods: a systematic review of the literature was performed in the main databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, by independent researchers who evaluated studies using different LLLT protocols to treat TMD symptoms, considering specific outcomes such as pain, mouth opening and jaw movements. Results: thirteen studies fully met the eligibility criteria. The most used laser type was GaAlAg, with a wavelength of 830 nm, number of applications ranging from 8 to 10, and 4 weeks of follow-up. Conclusions: LLLT may be considered as an alternative for the relief of TMD symptoms; however, scientific evidence of one of the protocols being superior to the others could not be found.

scholarly journals IS LOW-LEVEL LASER THERAPY (LLLT) EFFECTIVE IN RELIEVING THE SYMPTOMS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS (TMDS)? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Lanas Teran ◽  
Kleber Vallejo Rosero ◽  
Maria Cristina Zindel Deboni ◽  
Maria Graça Naclério Homem
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Level Laser

Introduction: LLLT is used in various clinical situations for the relief of postoperative inflammatory symptoms in TMD cases. Many treatment protocols use laser radiation, but there is still no evidence as to whether one of them is superior to all the other. The objective was to establish whether there is evidence that LLLT can reduce the main symptoms of TMDs and to determine the most effective application protocol. Methods: a systematic review of the literature was performed in the main databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, by independent researchers who evaluated studies using different LLLT protocols to treat TMD symptoms, considering specific outcomes such as pain, mouth opening and jaw movements. Results: thirteen studies fully met the eligibility criteria. The most used laser type was GaAlAg, with a wavelength of 830 nm, number of applications ranging from 8 to 10, and 4 weeks of follow-up. Conclusions: LLLT may be considered as an alternative for the relief of TMD symptoms; however, scientific evidence of one of the protocols being superior to the others could not be found.

scholarly journals Plumbagin-induced oxidative stress leads to inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) in canine cancer cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Alharbi ◽  
Arvinder Kapur ◽  
Mildred Felder ◽  
Lisa Barroilhet ◽  
Timothy Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Canine Cancer

AbstractThe Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) complex is the master regulator of membrane potential and a target for anti-cancer therapies. Here, we investigate the effect of drug-induced oxidative stress on NKA activity. The natural product, plumbagin increases oxygen radicals through inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. As a result, plumbagin treatment results in decreased production of ATP and a rapid increase in intracellular oxygen radicals. We show that plumbagin induces apoptosis in canine cancer cells via oxidative stress. We use this model to test the effect of oxidative stress on NKA activity. Using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology we demonstrate that short-term exposure (4 min) to plumbagin results in 48% decrease in outward current at +50 mV. Even when exogenous ATP was supplied to the cells, plumbagin treatment resulted in 46% inhibition outward current through NKA at +50 mV. In contrast, when the canine cancer cells were pre-treated with the oxygen radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine, the NKA inhibitory activity of plumbagin was abrogated. These experiments demonstrate that the oxidative stress-causing agents such as plumbagin and its analogues, are a novel avenue to regulate NKA activity in tumors.

Emerging Strategies in Stimuli-Responsive Nanocarriers as the Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Cancer Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 2609-2625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kandasamy Saravanakumar ◽  
Xiaowen Hu ◽  
Davoodbasha M. Ali ◽  
Myeong-Hyeon Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Cell Ablation ◽  
Conventional Drug

The conventional Drug Delivery System (DDS) has limitations such as leakage of the drug, toxicity to normal cells and loss of drug efficiency, while the stimuli-responsive DDS is non-toxic to cells, avoiding the leakage and degradation of the drug because of its targeted drug delivery to the pathological site. Thus nanomaterial chemistry enables - the development of smart stimuli-responsive DDS over the conventional DDS. Stimuliresponsive DDS ensures spatial or temporal, on-demand drug delivery to the targeted cancer cells. The DDS is engineered by using the organic (synthetic polymers, liposomes, peptides, aptamer, micelles, dendrimers) and inorganic (zinc oxide, gold, magnetic, quantum dots, metal oxides) materials. Principally, these nanocarriers release the drug at the targeted cells in response to external and internal stimuli such as temperature, light, ultrasound and magnetic field, pH value, redox potential (glutathione), and enzyme. The multi-stimuli responsive DDS is more promising than the single stimuli-responsive DDS in cancer therapy, and it extensively increases drug release and accumulation in the targeted cancer cells, resulting in better tumor cell ablation. In this regard, a handful of multi-stimuli responsive DDS is in clinical trials for further approval. A comprehensive review is crucial for addressing the existing knowledge about multi-stimuli responsive DDS, and hence, we summarized the emerging strategies in tailored ligand functionalized stimuli-responsive nanocarriers as the DDS for cancer therapies.

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