scholarly journals Important Steps in Cancer Prevention: Improving Population Whole-Grain Intake—The Danish Show Case or How Was the Danish Whole-Grain Intake Doubled in Less Than 10 Years?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 127s-127s
Author(s):  
S. Toettenborg
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Program Policy ◽  
The Impact

Background and context: Dietary whole grain (WG) intake helps prevent noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancers. However, 92.4% of the global adult population does not meet WG recommendations, and WG intake even decreased between 1990 and 2010. In Denmark, WG intake was similarly decreasing during the 1990s and 2000s, and the Whole Grain Partnership (WGP) was established in 2009 to counteract this development. Aim: To describe the development of this public-private partnership (PPP), the results achieved so far, lessons learned and implications for future initiatives. Strategy/Tactics: The strategy is twofold: increasing availability of WG and campaigning about the health benefits of WG. Program/Policy process: · Research and documentation of WG health benefits · Initiate partnership and functioning of organization and secretariat · Ensure clear WG definitions and dietary guidelines · Set targets and success criteria and monitor progress · Create incentives for industry to reformulate and develop new WG products and make it easy for consumers to identify WG product by developing and endorsing a WG logo · Gradually enriching all bread and flour with WG · Develop education materials for chefs, waiters, bakers, in-store personnel and health professionals · Yearly consumer campaigns. Outcomes: Mean WG intake has near doubled in less than 10 years (from 32 in 2009 to 61 g/day 2017). The increment in intake were also significant among the population groups eating the least WG. The number of WG products increased in this period from 150 to currently 800. Continuous monitoring of consumer behavior show a high knowledge, trust and use of the WG logo has increased during the period. What was learned: · To make the PPP work effectively it is crucial to work evidence based, set realistic targets, reinforce the reasons and advantages for partnering, measure and celebrate progress · The impact on population dietary habits is primarily due to the increased availability of WG product combined with a long-term campaigning activity promoting WG health benefits.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 quarantine on dietary habits and physical activity in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar Abduljalil Bakhsh ◽  
Jomana Khawandanah ◽  
Rouba Khalil Naaman ◽  
Shoug Alashmali
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments around the world to impose strict hygiene and national lockdown measures, which in turn has changed the dietary and lifestyle habits of the world’s population. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate whether dietary and physical activity behaviors of Saudi Arabia’s adult population changed during the COVID-19 quarantine. Methods An electronic questionnaire which assessed changes in body weight, dietary habits, and physical activity of Saudi Arabia’s adult population (n = 2255) during the COVID-19 quarantine was distributed on social media between June and July 2020. To test the differences between changes in dietary and physical activity behaviors in relation to changes in body weight a Chi-square test was used. Results Over 40 and 45% of participants reported eating and snacking more, respectively, which led to weight gain in around 28%. Most participants reported that they consumed home-cooked (73%) and healthy meals (47%), while only 7% reported that they consumed foods from restaurants. Feelings of boredom and emptiness (44%) and the availability of time for preparing meals (40%) were the main reasons for changing dietary habits. Honey (43%) and vitamin C (50%) were the most consumed immune-boosting food and dietary supplement, respectively. COVID-19 also had a negative impact on physical activity, lowering the practice in 52% subjects, which was associated with significant weight gain (p < 0.001). Conclusion Assessing the changes to the population’s dietary habits and physical activity during the lockdown will help predict the outcome of the population’s future health and wellbeing after the pandemic.

scholarly journals Dietary intakes of whole grains, health benefits but do contaminants pose a major risk?

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nugent ◽  
Frank Thielecke
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionThere is a long history of use for whole grain cereals as part of human dietary intakes with records of dietary grain consumption from the Middle Stone Ages. Whole grains are nutrient dense and research demonstrates that the healthiest diets (those associated with reduced risk of non-communicable diseases e.g. cardiovascular disease or cancer) are characterised by higher intake of fruit, vegetables, nuts and legumes and whole grains and lower intakes of red and processed meats. Currently, grains are a main energy and carbohydrate source and as such form a cornerstone of food based dietary guidelines and dietary guidance globally. However, grains also naturally contain contaminants and as a food category can represent a significant dietary source of foodborne contaminants.Materials and MethodsThe outcomes of a narrative review on the major contaminants present in whole grains, their potential health risks and suggested strategies to mitigate any risk are described. Contaminants are limited to mycotoxins (aflatoxinB1, ochratoxin A, Fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone), heavy metals (e.g. arsenic, cadmium, lead) and the process contaminant acrylamide.ResultsWhole grains can contain more contaminants than refined versions e.g. whole grain rice with bran intact can have up to 80% more arsenic than white rice. However, whole grains also provide more nutrients which may mitigate against the impact of these contaminants. For example, for heavy metals, there is some evidence that dietary fibres (e.g. wheat bran) may bind to them and reduce their absorption, as can nutrients naturally found in whole grains e.g. zinc, magnesium or copper. Minerals such as iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc may also impede heavy metal absorption by down-regulating or competing for attachment to transporters that facilitate intestinal absorption. Although, strict regulatory thresholds and monitoring processes by competent authorities minimise any risk to public health, the consumer may further lessen any risk through their own dietary choices and food storage and preparation practicesDiscussionThere are a number of potential health-protective properties inherent to whole grains. Given that complete elimination of contaminants from grains is unlikely to be achieved, their presence merits continued monitoring with evidence to date suggesting any such risk does not outweigh the known benefits of wholegrain consumption.

scholarly journals Habits of Food Consumers in the Post COVID Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
María Aránzazu Sulé Alonso ◽  
Tea Rushit ◽  
Elvira Delgado-Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Impact

Humankind has faced various pandemics in history. The food supply chain is one of the foremost vital sectors of the economy, and COVID-19 has had a clear bearing on it from the field to the consumer. In the light of recent challenges in the food supply chain, there is currently considerable concern regarding food production, processing, distribution, and demand. COVID-19 resulted in the movement restrictions of staff, changes in the demands of consumers, closure of food production facilities, restrictive food trade policies, and monetary pressures in the food supply chain.&nbsp; This study describes the impact of the COVID-19 health crisis on people&rsquo;s interests, opinions, and behaviour towards food. Additionally, an online questionnaire (Spanish population, n&nbsp;=&nbsp;232) studied the changes in food shopping habits during the pandemic. To try to cover the whole L&eacute;on territory and reach the greatest number of persons through mobile phones, tablets, and computers, the questionnaire was created using the Google Forms tool and distributed using instant messaging apps such as WhatsApp, social media such as Facebook and Twitter, social networking sites such as LinkedIn and ResearchGate, and email through snowball sampling. The statistical analysis was carried out under the SPSS programme. The results are presented in the form of means and distributions. The differences between subgroups have been evaluated using student&rsquo;s t-test. The level of statistical significance used in all cases was p &lt; 0.05. This study is focused on evaluating changes in food consumption habits of the Spanish adult population throughout the COVID-19 lockdown. The study is supported by a web-based survey targeting the adult general population. From this study, we are able to conclude that the studied Spanish adult population is extremely close to from having good healthy dietary habits, considering the Mediterranean Diet as a reference of healthy uptake. An improvement of dietary behaviours throughout the COVID-19 confinement has been discovered. Health-related food selections involved increased intake of fruits, vegetables, and legumes and decreased intake of red meat, alcohol, fried foods, or pastries compared to their pre-pandemic habits.

scholarly journals An emerging trend to tax sugar sweetened beverages and other junk foods: overregulation or an effective way to modify dietary behaviours?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Dietary Behaviours ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Basic Price

Abstract Dietary behaviours have an important impact on rising prevalence of noncommunicable diseases responsible for 71% of deaths globally/year. Dietary behaviours also have a growing impact on quality of life, disabilities, as well as economic stability of health systems. In order to overcome the growing impact, many countries are looking for instruments to modify dietary habits of individuals. In the study presented here, we looked at solutions implemented in different countries in terms of junk food taxation, with regard to the political processes related to their implementation, adopted models of taxation, as well as their impact on social and economic reality. Throughout the world, several countries have adopted dietary taxes, such as sugar, fat, salt and soda taxes, while the other are planning or considering doing so. So far there is only one example of withdrawal from the tax that has been implemented. There are different models of taxation, including flat rates, percentages of the basic price and progressive rates on the amount of the component being subject to taxation. These solutions continue to be controversial and subject to intensive discussions in many countries. Nonetheless, the existing evidence shows that the impact on dietary habits seems to be positive.

Impact of the Global COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence, Presentation, and Management of Pediatric Appendicitis: Lessons Learned from the First Wave

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Saalabian ◽  
Udo Rolle ◽  
Florian Friedmacher
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Individual Capacity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe fast-evolving nature of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to unprecedented clinical, logistical, and socioeconomical challenges for health-care systems worldwide. While several studies have analyzed the impact on the presentation and management of acute appendicitis (AA) in the adult population, there is a relative paucity of similar research in pediatric patients with AA. To date, there is some evidence that the incidence of simple AA in children may have decreased during the first lockdown period in spring 2020, whereas the number of complicated AA cases remained unchanged or increased slightly. Despite a worrying trend toward delayed presentation, most pediatric patients with AA were treated expediently during this time with comparable outcomes to previous years. Hospitals must consider their individual capacity and medical resources when choosing between operative and non-operative management of children with AA. Testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 is imperative in all pediatric patients presenting with fever and acute abdominal pain with diarrhea or vomiting, to differentiate between multisystem inflammatory syndrome and AA, thus avoiding unnecessary surgery. During the further extension of the COVID-19 crisis, parents should be encouraged to seek medical care with their children early in order that the appropriate treatment for AA can be undertaken in a timely fashion.

scholarly journals Processing in the food chain: do cereals have to be processed to add value to the human diet?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Frank Thielecke ◽  
Jean-Michel Lecerf ◽  
Anne P. Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Of Processing

Abstract Cereals and cereal products have a long history of use by humans. Recently, there have been some discussions regarding level of processing as a descriptor to define food products, including cereal-based foods. This has led to a somewhat emotional debate on food processing. Given the widespread inclusion of cereals in the diet, this review highlights the history of cereal processing as well as their consumption by humans. It provides an evidence-based discussion on their production, contribution to human nutrition, benefits and disadvantages. The present review illustrates the impact of processing on nutrients, as well as non-nutrients specifically in bread and ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (RTEC), two cereal-based foods which are widely consumed and integral parts of food-based dietary guidelines globally. As a category, most cereals must be processed in some way to enable consumption by humans as we are not equipped to survive exclusively on raw grains. Even thousands of years ago, the processing of cereals was a common practice by humans, turning raw grains into palatable, safe and nutritious foods. Modern processes for cereal-based products are efficient in providing safe and good-quality products to satisfy population needs, as well as helping to meet consumer expectations by providing a range of foods that allows for a varied and balanced diet. Today, RTEC and bread make significant contributions to dietary energy and nutrient requirements and underpin food-based dietary guidance globally. They have been positively linked with intake of dietary fibre, vitamins and minerals, especially when consumed as whole grain.

scholarly journals The EAT-Lancet Commission's Dietary Composition May Not Prevent Noncommunicable Disease Mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J Zagmutt ◽  
Jane G Pouzou ◽  
Solenne Costard
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Independent Validation ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Commission Report ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The recently published EAT-Lancet Commission report on dietary impacts on the environment suggested that their proposed diet could prevent more than 10 million annual premature mortalities from noncommunicable diseases globally. The report did not meet standards for transparency and replicability, nor did it fully account for statistical uncertainty. Our attempt to replicate the mortality calculations for the United States revealed flaws in the assumptions and methods used to estimate the avoided mortalities. After correcting some calculation errors and fully accounting for uncertainty in the avoided mortalities, the mortality reduction effect of the EAT-Lancet proposed diet in the USA is no greater than the impact of energy consumption changes that would prevent under-weight, over-weight, and obesity alone. As our findings call into question the global conclusions of the EAT-Lancet report, futher independent validation is needed before it can be used to inform dietary guidelines.

scholarly journals Healthcare Cost Savings Associated with Increased Whole Grain Consumption among Australian Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1855
Author(s):  
Mohammad M. H. Abdullah ◽  
Jaimee Hughes ◽  
Sara Grafenauer
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Cost ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Lost Productivity

Many dietary guidelines emphasise “mostly” whole grain food choices as part of an overall healthy eating pattern based on evidence for enhancing nutritional status and reducing chronic disease. Still, countries including Australia fall short of their consumption targets. Furthermore, healthcare cost savings associated with increasing the consumption of whole grains in alignment with the Daily Target Intake (DTI) recommendation of 48 g are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the potential savings in costs of healthcare and lost productivity associated with a reduction in the incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) through meeting the 48 g DTI recommendation for whole grains among the Australian adult population (>20 years). A three-step cost-of-illness analysis was conducted using input parameters from: 1) estimates of proportions of consumers (5%, 15%, 50%, and 100%) who would increase their current intake of whole grains to meet the recommended DTI in Australia; 2) relative reductions in risk of T2DM and CVD associated with specific whole grain consumption, as reported in meta-analysis studies; and 3) data on costs of healthcare and productivity loss based on monetary figures by national healthcare authorities. A very pessimistic (5% of the population) through to universal (100% of the population) adoption of the recommended DTI was shown to potentially yield AUD 37.5 (95% CI 22.3–49.3) to AUD 750.7 (95% CI 445.7–985.2) million, and AUD 35.9 (95% CI 8.3–60.7) to AUD 717.4 (95% CI 165.5–1214.1) million in savings on annual healthcare and lost productivity costs for T2DM and CVD, respectively. Given such economic benefits of the recommended consumption of whole grains, in exchange for refined grains, there is a real opportunity to facilitate relevant socioeconomic cost-savings for Australia and reductions in disease. These results are suggestive of a much greater opportunity to communicate the need for dietary change at all levels, but particularly through food-based dietary guidelines and front-of-pack labelling initiatives.

scholarly journals Has COVID-19 Changed the Lifestyle and Dietary Habits in the Spanish Population after Confinement?

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2443
Author(s):  
Carmen Álvarez-Gómez ◽  
Magdalena De La Higuera ◽  
Lorenzo Rivas-García ◽  
Javier Diaz-Castro ◽  
Jorge Moreno-Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
At Home

Since 2020, the world has been immersed in a change in lifestyle (social, lifestyle, nutri-tion and physical activity patterns), due to the appearance of COVID-19 and the strict mobility measures which were implemented to prevent its spread. All these changes had a nutritional impact on people, modifying their dietary guidelines. This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess whether dietary habits, lifestyle, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among the Spanish adult population (25–65 years old) during confinement was modified during the post-confinement period, using an e-survey through social networks, involving 510 subjects. A decrease in the intake of ultra-processed products, with a correlation between weekly food delivery orders at home and the consumption of salty snacks, sugary drinks, and processed pastries was also recorded. Most of the subjects performed physical exercise on a regular basis, maintaining the body weight in half of the participants. During the post-confinement period a substantial proportion of the population had healthy lifestyle and dietary habits, including the adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes; adequate time was spent preparing meals and the population did not regularly order food at home, which in the long term, reduced the risk of several diseases.

scholarly journals Managing noncommunicable diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: findings from the PAMPA cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-1000
Author(s):  
Jayne Santos Leite ◽  
Natan Feter ◽  
Eduardo Lucia Caputo ◽  
Igor Retzlaff Doring ◽  
Júlia Cassuriaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The State ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective was to identify the impact of social distance in the management of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) in the adult population from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. This is an ambispective, population-based cohort study. Descriptive analysis and Poisson regression models were used and the results were reported as prevalence ratio and 95% confidence intervals. From a total of 1,288 participants, 43.1% needed medical care and 28.5% reported impaired management of NCDs during social distance. Female sex, age between 18 and 30 years old, living in the Serra region (central region of the state), people with depression and multimorbidity were more likely to have impaired management of NCDs. Being physically active reduced the probability of having impaired management of NCD by 15%. Reduced monthly income was associated with the difficulty in accessing prescription medicine and avoidance of seeking in-person medical assistance. Depression was associated with difficulties in accessing medications, while avoidance of seeking in-person medical assistance was more likely for people with multimorbidity, arthritis/arthrosis/fibromyalgia, heart disease, and high cholesterol.

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