scholarly journals In Vitro Anti-Cancer Analyses of Selected Apocynaceae Family Species From Sri Lanka

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 21s-21s
Author(s):  
A. Kuruppu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Skbr3 Cell ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Stem Extract

Background: According to the World Health Organization around 65% of the world's population rely on traditional medicines derived from plants for their primary healthcare needs. Plants have been used as medicines for many number of years. Sri Lanka has a rich traditional medicine history of around 3000 years and has an ample amount of plants being a tropical island. Sri Lanka has around 1430 medicinal plant species and number of these species have been used for cancer therapy by traditional medicine practitioners in the country. The cancer incidence in Sri Lanka is rising due to population aging, various life style factors such as westernized diets, smoking and lack of physical activity. Thus preventive measures such as various kinds of anticancer foods should be introduced. Aim: Tabernaemontana divaricata (TD) and Plumeria rubra (PR) which belong to the Apocynaceae family of plants and they are commonly found in Sri Lanka and they were tested to determine their anticancer activity. Methods: Leaves and stems of the plants were collected from Colombo district Sri Lanka. Ethical approval was obtained from the Department of Forest, Sri Lanka. Finely dried leaves and stems were subjected to ethanol extractions. MTT, clonogenic, cell cycle, apoptosis, gamma H2AX, cell migration, reactive oxygen species (ROS), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) were used to determine anticancer activity. Results: HER2+ SKBR3 cell line showed the best sensitivity to both plants among a panel of breast cancer cell lines. TD-GI50 leaf extract: 6.89 µg/mL ± 1.72; stem extract: 12.49 µg/mL ± 4.04) and PR-GI50 leaf extract 17.45 µg/mL ± 2.05; stem extract was not active. Clonogenic assays showed low colony formation for all active extracts in SKBR3 cells ( P ≤ 0.001). All extracts caused G1 arrests in cell cycle analysis compared with SKBR3 control ( P ≤ 0.0001). Minor amounts of apoptotic populations were observed with extracts compared with SKBR3 control ( P ≤ 0.01). Further, both leaf extracts caused minor amounts of DNA double strand breaks by gamma H2AX analysis in SKBR3 cells ( P ≤ 0.05). All extracts showed low SKBR3 cell migration ( P ≤ 0.0001). Both leaf extract were able to generate high levels of ROS in SKBR3 cells ( P ≤ 0.001). ESEM demonstrated morphologic differences in TD leaf extract treated SKBR3 cells. Conclusion: These results are promising and shows anticancer activity. Chemical compounds are being isolated from these plants. Sri Lanka is yet to develop anticancer drugs from its natural products, and these plants can be a stepping stone in the quest of finding novel therapies for cancer from Sri Lanka. Further, these results can be used to develop cancer preventive food supplements as well since the number of cancer cases are rising in the country.

Enhanced Anticancer Activity and Apoptosis Effect of Bioactive Compound Quercetin Extracted from Ocimum sanctum Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amutha Santhanam ◽  
Naveen Kumar Chandrasekharan ◽  
Rajangam Ilangovan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Nickel Nanoparticles ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Cell Cycle Analysis ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Ft Ir

Background: The occurrence of Cancer results in cellular changes that causes the uncontrolled growth and division of cells. Apoptosis removes cells during development and eliminates the potentially cancerous cells. The bioactive compounds present in the herbal plant shows cytotoxic activity that result in apoptosis. The traditional herbal plants are used world-wide both in allopathy and other traditional ways. Objective: The main objective of this study is to extract the bioactive compound Quercetin from the medicinally significant plant Ocimum sanctum and also to develop nanomedicine as Qu-PEG-NiGs. Materials and Methods: Leaf extract of the medicinally significant plant Ocimum sanctum (O. sanctum) has been used for the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles (NiGs) and extraction of quercetin (Qu). The ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum is added to 1 mM Nickel Nitrate (Ni(NO3)2) and stirred for 3 hrs at RT and dried at 60°C for 3hrs and calcinated at 400°C for 2hrs and characterized using Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer, FT-IR, SEM, DLS and Zeta potential. The Quercetin is isolated from Ocimum sanctum leaf extract using the reflux condenser method. The bio-polymer is being PEG-coated over NiGs and Quercetin is loaded into it. The apoptosis activity using MCF-7 cells is performed with Qu-PEG-NiGs. The purity of Quercetin is characterized using HPLC. In order to analyse apoptosis efficiency, MTT assay, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Cell cycle analysis has been performed. Results: The NiGs absorption spectrum gives a peak at 408nm. The FT-IR confirms the presence of particular functional groups shifting from the compound NiGs and then coated with PEG-Qu-NiGs. The SEM images show the size of NiGs ranging from 27.3 nm to 40.4 nm with varied morphology such as hexagonal and other irregular shapes. The presence of Quercetin extracted from the leaf powder is approximately 1.5 mg/g. The ROS results show the Qu-PEG-NiGs induced efficiency of the apoptosis, while the increased concentrations promote ROS and lead to activation of the apoptosis. The cell cycle analysis has shown the cytotoxic effect. Conclusion: PEG-coated nickel nanoparticles can be used as a promising chemotherapeutic agent against MCF7 breast cancer cells. It is the evidence to further studies for evaluating Qu-PEG-NiGs anticancer activity on different types of cancer cells.

scholarly journals The Up-Regulation of Oxidative Stress as a Potential Mechanism of Novel MAO-B Inhibitors for Glioblastoma Treatment

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guya Diletta Marconi ◽  
Marialucia Gallorini ◽  
Simone Carradori ◽  
Paolo Guglielmi ◽  
Amelia Cataldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
C6 Glioma ◽  
World Health ◽  
C6 Glioma Cells ◽  
Mao B ◽  
Cycle Arrest

Gliomas are malignant brain tumors characterized by rapid spread and growth into neighboring tissues and graded I–IV by the World Health Organization. Glioblastoma is the fastest growing and most devastating IV glioma. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the biological effects of two potent and selective Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors, Cmp3 and Cmp5, in C6 glioma cells and in CTX/TNA2 astrocytes in terms of cell proliferation, apoptosis occurrence, inflammatory events and cell migration. These compounds decrease C6 glioma cells viability sparing normal astrocytes. Cell cycle analysis, the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production were detected, revealing that Cmp3 and Cmp5 induce a G1 or G2/M cell cycle arrest, as well as a MMP depolarization and an overproduction of ROS; moreover, they inhibit the expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2, thus contributing to fatal drug-induced oxidative stress. Cmp5 notably reduces glioma cell migration via down-regulating Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9. This study demonstrated that our novel MAO-B inhibitors increase the oxidative stress level resulting in a cell cycle arrest and markedly reduces glioma cells migration thus reinforcing the hypothesis of a critical role-played by MAO-B in mediating oncogenesis in high-grade gliomas.

scholarly journals Rhein Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth by Inhibiting the mTOR Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2176
Author(s):  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
Jun-Koo Yi ◽  
Hai Huang ◽  
Song Park ◽  
Sijun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Rhein has demonstrated therapeutic effects in various cancer models. However, its effects and underlying mechanisms of action in CRC remain poorly understood. We investigated the potential anticancer activity and underlying mechanisms of rhein in CRC in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability and anchorage-independent colony formation assays were performed to examine the antigrowth effects of rhein on CRC cells. Wound-healing and Transwell assays were conducted to assess cell migration and invasion capacity. Cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry and verified by immunoblotting. A tissue microarray was used to detect mTOR expression in CRC patient tissues. Gene overexpression and knockdown were done to analyze the function of mTOR in CRC. The anticancer effect of rhein in vivo was assessed in a CRC xenograft mouse model. The results show that rhein significantly inhibited CRC cell growth by inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Rhein inhibited CRC cell migration and invasion through the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. mTOR was highly expressed in CRC cancer tissues and cells. Overexpression of mTOR promoted cell growth, migration, and invasion, whereas mTOR knockdown diminished these phenomena in CRC cells in vitro. In addition, rhein directly targeted mTOR and inhibited the mTOR signaling pathway in CRC cells. Rhein promoted mTOR degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Intraperitoneal administration of rhein inhibited HCT116 xenograft tumor growth through the mTOR pathway. In conclusion, rhein exerts anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo by targeting mTOR and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway in CRC. Our results indicate that rhein is a potent anticancer agent that may be useful for the prevention and treatment of CRC.

Leaf Extract of Nerium oleander L. Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Migration and Arrest of Cell Cycle at G2/M Phase in HeLa Cervical Cancer Cell

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhasmita Mohapatra ◽  
Anil K. Biswal ◽  
Jagnehswar Dandapat ◽  
Priya R. Debata
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Cervical Cancer Cells

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors found in women. Although a number of early screening and treatment options are available but mortality due to cervical cancer still remains high. Nerium oleander L., a potential medicinal plant and possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological and physiological activities including anticancer activities. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity, inhibition of cell migration and cell cycle arrest by the chloroform extract of leaves of Nerium Oleander L. in HeLa cervical cancer cells. Chloroform extract of Catharanthus roseus which contains anticancer compounds Vinblastin and Vincristin was used as positive control for this study. Methods: The chloroform extracts of Nerium oleander L. and Catharanthus roseus were prepared using standard protocol. The cytotoxic effects were studied by MTT assay. Cell migration was studied by in vitro scratch assay. Analysis of cell cycle was carried out by Propidium iodide staining and Flow Cytometry. Expression level of various proteins was carried out by immunocytochemistry. Results: In this study, we showed that the leaf extract of Nerium oleander inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells in culture and inhibits cell migration. Besides it arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and phosphorylated p-Rb (Ser 780) level is significantly down regulated by leaf extract of Nerium oleander. Conclusion: Extract of Nerium oleander L. contains potential bioactive compounds which inhibit HeLa cell proliferation, cell migration and arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase.

Medicinal Chemistry of Alternative Therapeutics: Novelty and Hopes with Genus Ammannia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 784-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish C. Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Herbal Formulations

The plants have formed the basis of folklore remedy since the beginning of human civilization. The cumulative human endeavor and experience over a period of thousands of years developed into well to organize traditional medicine systems viz. Ayurvedic, Unani, Chinese amongst others. Across the world, traditional medicine is either the mainstay of health care or serves as a complement to modern drugs. In view of worldwide use of traditional medicines, World Health Organization launched ‘WHO-Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023’ for the development of strong policies regarding knowledge-base, safety, quality-control and effectiveness of traditional/alternative therapeutics for national health systems. Besides their use in traditional medicine, plants have always been a good source of modern drug/pharmacologically active molecules. More than half of the modern pharmaceuticals are either plant isolates or their derivatives. The plant-based drugs are not only effective, but have better compatibility with human biological systems because of more biologically relevant chemistry, hence lesser side effects. Some of the species of genus Ammannia (Lythraceae) have been reported for their magical medicinal values. Many herbal formulations containing Ammannia spp. have been patented for treatment of serious diseases/disorders like cancer, spinal disease, human female infertility, chronic tonsillitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, treatment of bladder stones, urinary tract infections, dermatitis etc. The uses of Ammannia spp. in traditional medicine have been further verified by the biological activities of their extracts as well as isolation of bioactive phytomolecules. The current review provides details about Ammannia spp.; its use in folklore remedy, herbal formulations, biological activities of extracts, isolation of bioactive phytomolecules and SAR study of semi-synthetic derivatives to analyze the possibility of new drug molecules of plant origin.

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