A Simple and Innovative Device to Measure Arm Volume at Home for Patients With Lymphedema After Breast Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 5434-5440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Lette
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Average Standard Deviation ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
At Home

PurposeWe designed an arm volumeter specifically for home use based on the water displacement method. The objective of this study was to determine its accuracy and precision, and compare it with a standard volumeter used in lymphedema clinics worldwide.Patients and MethodsUsing a standard model hospital volumeter and our own device, we took three consecutive measurements of 11 specially cast cylinders, which had known volumes ranging from 10mL to 4 L, and measurements of both arms of 15 volunteers.ResultsMeasurements with both volumeters were highly accurate (R2= 0.9999) when compared with the known volumes of the cast cylinders, and were strongly correlated (R2= 0.9974) when each arm volume was compared between volumeters. Measurements with our volumeter were more precise both with the cylinders (average standard deviation [SD], 3.2 v 8 mL; P = .0553) and with the arms (average SD, 11.1 v 19 mL; P = .0034). Whereas the standard volumeter is expensive, fragile (acrylic), and prone to leaks, our volumeter is inexpensive, virtually indestructible, leak proof, and suitable for home use.ConclusionArm volumes can be measured quickly and accurately at home using a simple, inexpensive, and robust device based on water displacement. Readily accessible arm volumetry at home may have widespread influence on the management of lymphedema after breast cancer.

scholarly journals Effect of Breast Cancer Treatment on the Stomatognathic System

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Danilo Stefani Esposto ◽  
Marcelo Palinkas ◽  
Ligia Maria Napolitano Gonçalves ◽  
Paulo Batista de Vasconcelos ◽  
Vânia Tie Koga Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Average Standard Deviation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Unilateral Mastectomy

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women in the world and provides functional changes in the human body. Evaluate women submitted to unilateral mastectomy, through electromyographic activity (mandibular rest, right and left laterality, protrusion, maximum voluntary contraction with and without Parafilm, habitual and non-habitual mastication) and thickness (rest and maximum voluntary contraction) of the right temporal muscle (RT), left temporal (LT), right masseter (RM) and left masseter (LM), also the molar bite force (right and left) and compare the data with healthy women. Material and Methods: 32 women were divided into two groups: unilateral mastectomy group (MG), average ± standard deviation 56.50±14.50 years (n=16) and without the disease group (CG), average ± standard deviation 56.56±14.15 years (n=16). The normalized electromyographic data, muscle thickness and maximal molar bite force were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis (SPSS 21.0; student t test, p≤0.05). Significant statistical differences between MG and CG were found in right laterality, for RM (p=0.02); left laterality, for LT (p=0.01); chewing with peanuts, for RM (p=0.04); chewing with raisins, for LM (p=0.04) and right molar bite force (p=0.03). There was no statistically significant difference between MG and CG for muscle thickness. The results of this study suggest that women undergoing unilateral mastectomy may present functional changes, with emphasis on muscular hyperactivity, lower masticatory efficiency and lower maxillary bite force.

scholarly journals Bulk Volume Determination by Modified Water Displacement Method

2019 ◽  
pp. 1704-1710
Author(s):  
Ubong Williams Robert ◽  
Sunday Edet Etuk ◽  
Okechukwu Ebuka Agbasi
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Tube ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Porous Solids ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Volume Determination ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Bulk Volume ◽  
Geometry Method

In this work, a modified water displacement method (MWDM) was designed and used alongside geometry method (GEM), overflow method (OFM) and water displacement method (WDM) for determination of bulk volume of a porous solid. Their results were analyzed graphically and statistically. On testing against the data obtained by Suspension/Buoyancy Method (SBM) used as gold standard, it was found that only those generated by the modified water displacement method (MWDM) were of very high accuracy and precision. Apart from its reproducibility being within the recommended range for acceptability of a test method, the technique is cost-effective and easy to apply even with an ungraduated glass cylindrical tube. This can go a long way in enhancing thorough physical characterization of porous solids without the use of high cost, sophisticated and complex equipment.

scholarly journals Biogas Production from Poultry Wastewater using Anaerobic Digester

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Kinetics Studies ◽  
Poultry Wastewater

Experimental work was carried out for the production of Biogas from poultry waste water. The Poultry waste was collected from farm near Nagercoil at Kanyakumari District. Batch anaerobic digester was designed for 20L capacity. The experiment was carried out for 36 days to monitor the performance. Various parameters like pH, TS, COD have checked for every 24hours. The Production of biogas was measured by water displacement method. The methane content was analyzed by gas chromatography test. Based on the experimental data, kinetics studies have done for various models like Line Weaver-Burk method, Eadie-Hofstee method, Hanes-Woolf method. The Eadie-Hofstee Method has provided better prediction than other method. These results thus indicate that, Eadie-Hofstee Method is best to identify the growth rate, substrate concentration and Limiting Substrate Concentration of the system. The sludge of the poultry wastewater and digester were characterized by SEM analysis. The imaging was done to determine the morphological structure of the sludge and to view the bacterial growth on the surface of the sludge.

scholarly journals Examination of attitudes of secondary school 6th classstudents related to their attitudes towards maths in the frame of several variables

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1937
Author(s):  
Kerim Karabacak ◽  
Subhan Eksioglu ◽  
Nesibe Karakıs
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
T Test ◽  
Average Standard Deviation ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Purposeful Sampling

This research, which is carried out in Kinik, İzmir, aims at determining the reasons of students’ attitude towards Maths. Sixth class students from Kinik town make up population of the research which has been carried out as the model of survey. The sample of the research has been determined by the method of “purposeful sampling”. It is constituted of 152 students at the sixth grade. Collected data has been transferred into SPSS and the statistical process such as, analysis of average, standard deviation, T-test and one way analysis of variance procedures have been realized. It has been identified that the students who gets higher grades at Maths have got better attitude towards Maths than the ones who got lower grades at Maths. It has been identified that there has been no relationship between the students’ attitude towards Maths and their families’ income, their parents’ educational status, their parents’ occupation and the teachers’ way of teaching.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Victor Manuel Vargas-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Age Range

Background: It is reported that genetic and hereditary-familial risk factors for breast cancer contribute 5% and the majority are related to the reproductive life of women. Objective: it has the purpose of determining if the factors considered as risk factors are associated with breast cancer in a group of Mexican women. Material and Methods: A retrospective, observational and descriptive study was carried out in 162 women with breast cancer for 3 years (2002-2004) at the Hospital Juárez de México to determine if the usual risk factors are related to breast cancer. The descriptive analysis included localization and dispersion measures, as well as a graphical analysis using bar diagrams. Results: In the sample of 162 women with breast cancer, the age range at the time of breast cancer diagnosis was from 27 to 78 years (mean of 47.60, standard deviation of 13.09); early menarche only appeared in 12.3% (n=20). The mean age of the first pregnancy was 22 years and of menopause at 51 years of age; 72.2% lactated (n=117) and 45.1% did so for more than 6 months (n=73); the menstrual pattern disorder appeared in 22.8% of cases (n=37); Menopausal hormone therapy was previously used in 19.8% (n=32). The hereditary-family history of breast cancer appeared in 14.2% of the cases (n=23). It seems to be correlated with the fact that in patients with nulliparity, alcoholism and the absence of breastfeeding, breast cancer occurs at an early age (< 45 years) and the risk factor that is related to breast cancer is overweight and obesity with 54.26% and 17.11% respectively (average of 28.00, standard deviation of 3.032). Conclusion: no correlation was found between risk factors considered common for breast cancer; only overweight and obesity were related to its development, further research is required to confirm whether this correlation occurs in other countries.

scholarly journals LACTOFERRIN EXPRESSION IN BREAST CANCER IN RELATION TO BIOLOGIC PROPERTIES OF TUMORS AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF DISEASE

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
L A Naleskina ◽  
N Yu Lukianova ◽  
S O Sobchenko ◽  
D M Storchai ◽  
V F Chekhun
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Lobular Carcinoma ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Course Materials ◽  
Er Positive

Aim: To determine the patterns of lactoferrin (LF) expression in breast cancer (BC) in relation to biologic properties of the neoplasms and clinical features of the disease course. Materials and Methods: Clinical specimens of 266 BC patients (115 patients with BC of stages I–II — retrospective study, and 151 BC patients — prospective study) were analyzed. Morphological, immunohistochemical and statistical methods were used. Results: The number of LF-positive tumors in retrospective and prospective groups was similar (52.1 and 52.8%, respectively). Among common clinical criteria for prognosis of the disease outcome in BC patients (patient’s age; stage of the disease; histological type, differentiation grade, receptor status; presence of metastases), a strong correlation was found only between expression indexes of LF and estrogen receptors (ER). In ER-positive tumors expression of LF was significantly higher than in ER-negative tumors (35 vs 18%). 5-Year survival rate of BC patients was higher in LF-positive group (70 vs 52% in LF-negative group). The presence of regional metastasis tended to correlate with an increased number of LF-positive tumors. In the patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, expression level of LF moderately correlated with occurrence of luminal A subtype (r = 0.43), while in the patients with invasive lobular carcinoma this index strongly correlated with occurrence of luminal B subtype (r = 0.71). LF expression correlated positively with low and moderate differentiation grade of luminal B or basal tumors, and negatively with luminal B or basal tumors of high differentiation grade (r = −0.57 and −0.63, respectively). Conclusion: It has been shown that LF expression in breast tumors correlated with life expectancy of BC patients and important physiologic and clinical features of the disease, while the character of such relation strongly depended on molecular phenotype of tumor, i.e. luminal A, luminal B or basal.

scholarly journals Relative Profitability of Maize Production under Different Farm Size Groups in Kishoregonj District of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Uddin ◽  
MHA Rashid ◽  
S Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Average Standard Deviation ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Gross Margins ◽  
Relative Profitability

This study was conducted to estimate the relative profitability of Maize production under different farm size groups. Data were collected from randomly selected 74 maize growing farmers of which 25 were small, 32 were medium and 17 were large considering the scope and potentials of maize production at Kishoregonj district. To achieve the objectives of the study, descriptive statistical techniques such as sum, average, standard deviation etc, were used. The major findings of the study showed that per hectare average total costs were Tk. 30,147.54, Tk. 31,892.00 and Tk. 34,059.00 for small, medium and large farmers, respectively. Per hectare gross return from maize production were Tk. 61,730.00, Tk. 79,716.00 and Tk. 75,707.00 for small, medium and large farmers, respectively. Per hectare gross margins from maize production was estimated at Tk. 36,836.00, Tk. 53,096.00 and Tk. 46,871.00 for small, medium and large farmers, respectively. Per hectare average net returns of maize were estimated at Tk. 31,583.00, Tk. 47,823.00 and Tk. 41,648.00 for small, medium and large farmers, respectively. The findings of the study revealed that medium farmers earned higher profit than those of small and large farmers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16781 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 247 - 252, 2010

Psychological Adjustment in the Context of Perinatal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ferrere ◽  
J. Wendland
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

Aims: To assess the influence of pregnancy and recent motherhood on the psychological adjustment to cancer in women diagnosed with a perinatal cancer. Procedure: ECHOCALG is an exploratory and comparative study combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Twenty-four women who had received a perinatal cancer diagnosis (75% had breast cancer, 25% had brain or colon cancer, Hodgkin or melanoma) completed the MAC44 scale and responded to a semi-structured clinical interview to identify the psychological adjustment to cancer. Eighteen of them responded to a semi-structured interview to identify the conditions of psychological adaptation to the disease, as well as the defense mechanisms used. The data were compared with that of a control group of nineteen women diagnosed with non-perinatal and non-metastatic breast cancer, aged less than 45. Results: Women diagnosed with perinatal cancer showed more difficulty adjusting to the disease than control women. Denial and avoidance are strongly correlated with a negative adjustment to cancer. The interviews showed at the start of treatment the presence of defense mechanisms such as denial and trivialization as well as a suspension of the process of psychological adaptation to the disease and the treatments. The distress of a mother is linked to the feeling of being unable to take care of the baby and to cope concomitantly with motherhood and illness, as well as difficulties related to sexuality and emotional and social support. Conclusion: Pregnancy and recent motherhood have an impact on the adjustment to cancer. Women with perinatal cancer show a negative adjustment and an important psychological distress linked to difficulties of mothering and physical and emotional consequences of treatment.

Automated NLP Extraction of Clinical Rationale for Treatment Discontinuation in Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 550-560
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Alkaitis ◽  
Monica N. Agrawal ◽  
Gregory J. Riely ◽  
Pedram Razavi ◽  
David Sontag
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Treatment Discontinuation ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Epidermal Growth

PURPOSE Key oncology end points are not routinely encoded into electronic medical records (EMRs). We assessed whether natural language processing (NLP) can abstract treatment discontinuation rationale from unstructured EMR notes to estimate toxicity incidence and progression-free survival (PFS). METHODS We constructed a retrospective cohort of 6,115 patients with early-stage and 701 patients with metastatic breast cancer initiating care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 2008 to 2019. Each cohort was divided into training (70%), validation (15%), and test (15%) subsets. Human abstractors identified the clinical rationale associated with treatment discontinuation events. Concatenated EMR notes were used to train high-dimensional logistic regression and convolutional neural network models. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare toxicity incidence and PFS estimated by our NLP models to estimates generated by manual labeling and time-to-treatment discontinuation (TTD). RESULTS Our best high-dimensional logistic regression models identified toxicity events in early-stage patients with an area under the curve of the receiver-operator characteristic of 0.857 ± 0.014 (standard deviation) and progression events in metastatic patients with an area under the curve of 0.752 ± 0.027 (standard deviation). NLP-extracted toxicity incidence and PFS curves were not significantly different from manually extracted curves ( P = .95 and P = .67, respectively). By contrast, TTD overestimated toxicity in early-stage patients ( P < .001) and underestimated PFS in metastatic patients ( P < .001). Additionally, we tested an extrapolation approach in which 20% of the metastatic cohort were labeled manually, and NLP algorithms were used to abstract the remaining 80%. This extrapolated outcomes approach resolved PFS differences between receptor subtypes ( P < .001 for hormone receptor+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2− v human epidermal growth factor receptor 2+ v triple-negative) that could not be resolved with TTD. CONCLUSION NLP models are capable of abstracting treatment discontinuation rationale with minimal manual labeling.

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