Plasma Phytoestrogens and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn Verheus ◽  
Carla H. van Gils ◽  
Lital Keinan-Boker ◽  
Philip B. Grace ◽  
Sheila A. Bingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Perimenopausal Women ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Nested Case Control

Purpose Phytoestrogens are plant compounds that are structurally and functionally similar to mammalian estrogens. By competing for estrogen receptors, phytoestrogens possibly inhibit binding of the more potent endogenous estrogens and decrease their potential effects on breast cancer risk. We investigated the association between plasma phytoestrogen levels and breast cancer risk in a prospective manner. Patients and Methods We performed a nested case-control study within the Prospect cohort, one of the two Dutch cohorts participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. A total of 383 women (87 pre- or perimenopausal women [mean age, 52 years] and 296 postmenopausal women [mean age, 59 years]) who developed breast cancer were selected as case subjects and were matched to 383 controls, on date of blood sampling. Plasma levels of isoflavones (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, O-desmethylangolensin, and equol) and lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone) were measured. The isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass-spectrometry method incorporating triply 13C-labeled standards was used for all analyses. Breast cancer odds ratios were calculated for tertiles of phytoestrogen plasma levels using conditional logistic regression analysis. Results For genistein, the risk estimate for the highest versus the lowest tertile was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.98). Similar protective effects, although not statistically significant, were seen for the other isoflavones. Lignan levels did not appear to be related to breast cancer risk. Results were the same in pre- or perimenopausal women, and in postmenopausal women. Conclusion High genistein circulation levels are associated with reduced breast cancer risk in the Dutch population. No effects of lignans on breast cancer risk were observed.

scholarly journals Urinary Phthalate Biomarker Concentrations and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine W Reeves ◽  
Mary Díaz Santana ◽  
JoAnn E Manson ◽  
Susan E Hankinson ◽  
R Thomas Zoeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control

Abstract Background Growing laboratory and animal model evidence supports the potentially carcinogenic effects of some phthalates, chemicals used as plasticizers in a wide variety of consumer products, including cosmetics, medications, and vinyl flooring. However, prospective data on whether phthalates are associated with human breast cancer risk are lacking. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study within the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) prospective cohort (n = 419 invasive case subjects and 838 control subjects). Control subjects were matched 2:1 to case subjects on age, enrollment date, follow-up time, and WHI study group. We quantified 13 phthalate metabolites and creatinine in two or three urine samples per participant over one to three years. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer risk associated with each phthalate biomarker up to 19 years of follow-up. Results Overall, we did not observe statistically significant positive associations between phthalate biomarkers and breast cancer risk in multivariable analyses (eg, 4th vs 1st quartile of diethylhexyl phthalate, OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.91 to 1.17). Results were generally similar in analyses restricted to disease subtypes, to nonusers of postmenopausal hormone therapy, stratified by body mass index, or to case subjects diagnosed within three, five, or ten years. Conclusions In the first prospective analysis of phthalates and postmenopausal breast cancer, phthalate biomarker concentrations did not result in an increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer.

scholarly journals A Metabolomics Analysis of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk in the Cancer Prevention Study II

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Steven C. Moore ◽  
Kaitlyn M. Mazzilli ◽  
Joshua N. Sampson ◽  
Charles E. Matthews ◽  
Brian D. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, but its incidence can only be partially explained through established risk factors. Our aim was to use metabolomics to identify novel risk factors for breast cancer and to validate recently reported metabolite-breast cancer findings. We measured levels of 1275 metabolites in prediagnostic serum in a nested case-control study of 782 postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 782 matched controls. Metabolomics analysis was performed by Metabolon Inc using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and a Q-Exactive high resolution/accurate mass spectrometer. Controls were matched by birth date, date of blood draw, and race/ethnicity. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer at the 90th versus 10th percentile (modeled on a continuous basis) of metabolite levels were estimated using conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for age. Twenty-four metabolites were significantly associated with breast cancer risk at a false discovery rate <0.20. For the nine metabolites positively associated with risk, the ORs ranged from 1.75 (95% CI: 1.29–2.36) to 1.45 (95% CI: 1.13–1.85), and for the 15 metabolites inversely associated with risk, ORs ranged from 0.59 (95% CI: 0.43–0.79) to 0.69 (95% CI: 0.55–0.87). These metabolites largely comprised carnitines, glycerolipids, and sex steroid metabolites. Associations for three sex steroid metabolites validated findings from recent studies and the remainder were novel. These findings contribute to growing data on metabolite-breast cancer associations by confirming prior findings and identifying novel leads for future validation efforts.

scholarly journals Cabbage and Sauerkraut Consumption in Adolescence and Adulthood and Breast Cancer Risk among US-Resident Polish Migrant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10795
Author(s):  
Dorothy Rybaczyk Pathak ◽  
Aryeh D. Stein ◽  
Jian-Ping He ◽  
Mary M. Noel ◽  
Larry Hembroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cook County ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background: Breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality are lower in Poland than in the United States (US). However, Polish-born migrant women to US approach the higher BC mortality rates of US women. We evaluated the association between consumption of cabbage/sauerkraut foods and BC risk in Polish-born migrants to US. Methods: We conducted a case–control study of BC among Polish-born migrants in Cook County and the Detroit Metropolitan Area. Cases (n = 131) were 20–79 years old with histological/cytological confirmation of invasive BC. Population-based controls (n = 284) were frequency matched to cases on age and residence. Food frequency questionnaires assessed diet during adulthood and age 12–13 years. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated with conditional logistic regression. Consumption of total, raw/short-cooked, and long-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods was categorized as low, medium, or high (frequency of servings/week). Results: Higher consumption of total and raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods, during both adolescence and adulthood, was associated with a significantly lower BC risk. Consumption of long-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods was low and not significantly associated with risk. The multivariate OR for total cabbage/sauerkraut consumption, high vs. low (> 4 vs. ≤ 2 servings/week) during adolescence was 0.36 (95% CI = 0.18–0.71, ptrend < 0.01) and 0.50 (95% CI = 0.23–1.06, ptrend = 0.08) during adulthood. For raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut (>3 vs. ≤1.5 servings/week), the ORs were 0.35 (95% CI = 0.16–0.72, ptrend < 0.01) during adolescence and 0.37 (95% CI = 0.17–0.78, ptrend < 0.01) during adulthood. For joint adolescent/adult consumption of raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods, (high, high) vs. (low, low), the OR was 0.23 (95% CI = 0.07–0.65). The significant association for high adolescent consumption of raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods and reduced BC risk was consistent across all levels of consumption in adulthood. Conclusion: Greater consumption of total and raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods either during adolescence or adulthood was associated with significantly reduced BC risk among Polish migrant women. These findings contribute to the growing literature suggesting a protective effect of a potentially modifiable factor, cruciferous vegetable intake, on breast cancer risk.

scholarly journals Circulating carotenoids and breast cancer among high-risk individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Peng ◽  
Chi Gao ◽  
Donghao Lu ◽  
Bernard A Rosner ◽  
Oana Zeleznik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT Background Carotenoids represent 1 of few modifiable factors to reduce breast cancer risk. Elucidation of interactions between circulating carotenoids and genetic predispositions or mammographic density (MD) may help inform more effective primary preventive strategies in high-risk populations. Objectives We tested whether women at high risk for breast cancer due to genetic predispositions or high MD would experience meaningful and greater risk reduction from higher circulating levels of carotenoids in a nested case-control study in the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHS and NHSII). Methods This study included 1919 cases and 1695 controls in a nested case-control study in the NHS and NHSII. We assessed both multiplicative and additive interactions. RR reductions and 95% CIs were calculated using unconditional logistic regressions, adjusting for matching factors and breast cancer risk factors. Absolute risk reductions (ARR) were calculated based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results incidence rates. Results We showed that compared with women at low genetic risk or low MD, those with higher genetic risk scores or high MD had greater ARRs for breast cancer as circulating carotenoid levels increase (additive P-interaction = 0.05). Among women with a high polygenic risk score, those in the highest quartile of circulating carotenoids had a significant ARR (28.6%; 95% CI, 14.8–42.1%) compared to those in the lowest quartile of carotenoids. For women with a high percentage MD (≥50%), circulating carotenoids were associated with a 37.1% ARR (95% CI, 21.7–52.1%) when comparing the highest to the lowest quartiles of circulating carotenoids. Conclusions The inverse associations between circulating carotenoids and breast cancer risk appeared to be more pronounced in high-risk women, as defined by germline genetic makeup or MD.

scholarly journals Sleep deficiency and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women in the California teachers study (CTS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1115-1128
Author(s):  
S. Hurley ◽  
D. Goldberg ◽  
J. Von Behren ◽  
J. Clague DeHart ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sleep Deficiency

Mammographic breast density, its changes, and breast cancer risk in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (21) ◽  
pp. 4687-4696
Author(s):  
Eun Young Kim ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
Jiin Ahn ◽  
Ji‐Sup Yun ◽  
Yong Lai Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Mammographic Breast Density

scholarly journals Short-term weight gain and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor classification among pre- and postmenopausal women

2015 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Rosner ◽  
A. Heather Eliassen ◽  
Adetunji T. Toriola ◽  
Susan E. Hankinson ◽  
Walter C. Willett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals O6A.2 Breast cancer risk in 40.000 danish women by industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A51.1-A51
Author(s):  
Julie Elbæk Pedersen ◽  
Johnni Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Reproductive History ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Individual Level

BackgroundOccupational exposures have been hypothesized as contributors to breast cancer. Nevertheless, studies exploring the risk of breast cancer by occupation or industry generally show somewhat inconsistent results. In addition to small study size and lack of lifetime work history, potential confounders, such as reproductive history, have often not been taking into account and mortality has often been used as outcome. We conducted a nationwide register based nested case-control study in order to explore associations between occupation and incidence of breast cancer, including reproductive history.MethodsA total of 38,347 employed women born in Denmark during the period 1946 to 1995, and diagnosed with breast cancer 1970–2015 were identified in the nationwide Danish Cancer Registry. Five control subjects, work active and born in Denmark, and free of breast cancer at the date of diagnosis of the corresponding case, were chosen randomly from the Danish Civil Register. Using the unique personal identification number assigned to all residents in Denmark, we obtain lifetime employment history from the nationwide Pension Fund Register, which on an individual level has kept detailed information on all employments in Denmark since 1964. Lastly, information on reproductive factors, and socioeconomic status was retrieved from the Danish Civil Register. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by conditional logistic regression analysis.Preliminary results: Risk elevations were e.g. seen in the military (2.1; 1.49–2.90), printing (1.6; 1.22–2.06), airline transportation (2.4; 1.33–4.47), automobile service (1.3; 95% CI 1.12–1.49), laundries (2.4; 1.48–3.79), hairdressing (1.9; 1.11–3.23) and paint factories (1.6; 95% CI 1.22–2.06). Risk reductions were seen in farming (0.4; 0.21–0.59), window cleaning (0.6; 0.44–0.84) and building and carpentry (0.8; 0.70–0.98).ConclusionsThe study suggests that breast cancer risk varies significantly by industry and that occupational exposures, including night-shift work, solvents and outdoor work, may play a possible role.

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