scholarly journals Clinical Cancer Advances 2020: Annual Report on Progress Against Cancer From the American Society of Clinical Oncology

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merry Jennifer Markham ◽  
Kerri Wachter ◽  
Neeraj Agarwal ◽  
Monica M. Bertagnolli ◽  
Susan Marina Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clinical Cancer ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Systemic Therapies

Each year Clinical Cancer Advances: ASCO’s Annual Report on Progress Against Cancer highlights the most important clinical research advances of the past year, including the Advance of the Year, and identifies priority areas where ASCO believes research efforts should be focused moving forward. In 2020, ASCO names the Refinement of Surgical Treatment of Cancer as the Advance of the Year. Years of progress in developing new systemic cancer therapies has not only improved patient survival and quality of life but is now transforming surgical approaches to cancer treatment. The emergence of novel systemic therapies combined in new and better ways is significantly changing the role of cancer surgery. ASCO’s selection of Refinement of Surgical Treatment of Cancer as the 2020 Advance of the Year recognizes recent strides seen in the effectiveness of these treatments in reducing the amount of surgery, and even the need for it, while increasing the number of patients who can undergo surgery when needed. Other advances highlighted in the report include progress in cancer prevention, molecular diagnostics, and cancer treatment—surgery, radiotherapy, combination therapy, immunotherapy, and other types of therapies. The report also features ASCO's 2020 list of Research Priorities to Accelerate Progress Against Cancer. These priorities represent promising areas of research that have the potential to significantly improve the knowledge base for clinical decision-making and address vital unmet needs in cancer care. A MESSAGE FROM ASCO’S PRESIDENT Shortly before I was elected President of ASCO, I attended the 65th birthday party of a current patient. She had been diagnosed 10 years earlier with metastatic breast cancer and hadn’t been sure she wanted to move forward with further treatment. With encouragement, she elected to participate in a clinical trial of an investigational drug that is now widely used to treat breast cancer. Happily, here we were, celebrating with her now-married daughters, their husbands, and three beautiful grandchildren, ages 2, 4, and 8. Such is the importance of clinical trials and promising new therapies. Clinical research is about saving and improving the lives of individuals with cancer. It’s a continuing story that builds on the efforts of untold numbers of researchers, clinicians, caregivers, and patients. ASCO’s Clinical Cancer Advances report tells part of this story, sharing the most transformative research of the past year. The report also includes our latest thinking on the most urgent research priorities in oncology. ASCO’s 2020 Advance of the Year—Refinement of Surgical Treatment of Cancer—highlights how progress drives more progress. Surgery has played a fundamental role in cancer treatment. It was the only treatment available for many cancers until the advent of radiation and chemotherapy. The explosion in systemic therapies since then has resulted in significant changes to when and how surgery is performed to treat cancer. In this report, we explore how treatment successes have led to less invasive approaches for advanced melanoma, reduced the need for surgery in renal cell carcinoma, and increased the number of patients with pancreatic cancer who can undergo surgery. Many research advances are made possible by federal funding. With the number of new US cancer cases set to rise by roughly a third over the next decade, continued investment in research at the national level is crucial to continuing critical progress in the prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. While clinical research has translated to longer survival and better quality of life for many patients with cancer, we can’t rest on our laurels. With ASCO’s Research Priorities to Accelerate Progress Against Cancer, introduced last year and updated this year, we’ve identified the critical gaps in cancer prevention and care that we believe to be most pressing. These priorities are intended to guide the direction of research and speed progress. Of course, the effectiveness or number of new treatments is meaningless if patients don’t have access to them. High-quality cancer care, including clinical trials, is out of reach for too many patients. Creating an infrastructure to support patients is a critical part of the equation, as is creating connections between clinical practices and research programs. We have much work to do before everyone with cancer has equal access to the best treatments and the opportunity to participate in research. I know that ASCO and the cancer community are up for this challenge. Sincerely, Howard A. “Skip” Burris III, MD, FACP, FASCO ASCO President, 2019-2020

scholarly journals Patient Experience in Home Respiratory Therapies: Where We Are and Where to Go

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Caneiras ◽  
Cristina Jácome ◽  
Sagrario Mayoralas-Alises ◽  
José Ramon Calvo ◽  
João Almeida Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
System Sustainability

The increasing number of patients receiving home respiratory therapy (HRT) is imposing a major impact on routine clinical care and healthcare system sustainability. The current challenge is to continue to guarantee access to HRT while maintaining the quality of care. The patient experience is a cornerstone of high-quality healthcare and an emergent area of clinical research. This review approaches the assessment of the patient experience in the context of HRT while highlighting the European contribution to this body of knowledge. This review demonstrates that research in this area is still limited, with no example of a prescription model that incorporates the patient experience as an outcome and no specific patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) available. This work also shows that Europe is leading the research on HRT provision. The development of a specific PREM and the integration of PREMs into the assessment of prescription models should be clinical research priorities in the next several years.

Analysis of oral complications related to cancer therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Eugenio Magnabosco Neto ◽  
Fernando Henrique Westphalen
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Oral Complications ◽  
Dose Limitation ◽  
Number Of Patients

Introduction: The side effects and adverse reactions related to cancer therapies may cause significant alterations in the oral cavity, discomfort or even severe pain in parts of the body, patient’s nutritional deficiency, delay in the administration of oncologic drugs or dose limitation, an increase of hospitalization time and of the related expenses, as well as a decrease in the patient’s quality of life. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the deleterious effects of cancer therapies in the oral cavity. Material and methods: Data was gathered from medical records of the treatment of 643 cancer patients at the São José Hospital, in Joinville, state of Santa Catarina, from January to September 2012. Among the records selected for this study, 59.41% were female patients, with a mean age of 51 to 60 years. Results: Oral complications were reported in 72.47% of the patients, and the complication with the highest prevalence was mucositis (14.62%) followed by dry mouth (10.58%). Most of the patients had not received dental care prior to the cancer treatment, and no dental record was found. Conclusions: Several different oral disorders were reported as a result of cancer treatment, and a significant number of patients needed dental evaluation prior to the treatment.

scholarly journals Diagnostic criteria and result of treatment of Eagle syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Pukhlik ◽  
Anatoly P. Shchelkunov ◽  
A.A. Shchelkunov
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Facial Area ◽  
One Year ◽  
Conservative And Surgical Treatment

Relevance: Styloid process syndrome – a disease which is caused by irritation of the styloid process of the temporal bone surrounding the nerve, vascular and muscle structures. The syndrome is manifested by chronic painin deep division of the facial area referred to the root of the tongue, throat and ear, dysphagia, symptoms of circulatory disorders of the brain. Because of the low awareness of the disease practical specialists usually miss the diagnoses. Patients with different diagnoses are treated by different specialists; most often the prescribed symptomatic treatment is ineffective or does not give any result at all. The syndrome causes severe suffering to patients, reduces the quality of life. Purpose of the study: Assess the most significant clinical signs of the disease, mutual work between hypertrophied styloid process with the neurovascular neck formations, the effectiveness of conservative and surgical treatment. Materials and methods: 144 people were examined and treated by us. Of these, 103 women (71,5%), 41 men (28,5%), aged 25 to 70 years. The disease lasts from one year until 10-15 years. Tomography of the styloid processes with 3D reconstruction and contrasting of the main vessels of the neck was used. Results of the study and the discussion: we proposed a grading scale for the quality of the treatment, the five-point scale. The quality of the treatment was assessed by the number of reduction in scores and, accordingly, patient complaints. Of the total number of patients – 144 people, the success of the treatment by 0 points was assessed by 60 people (that is, absence of any symptomatology) (41,7%), 1 point – 44 (30,5%), 2-3 points – 27 (18,7%), 4-5 points – 13 (9%), that is significant effect of the treatment was not achieved. To all those people with the result of the treatment was estimated at 4-5 points, respectively, was proposed an operative method of the treatment – the resection of the styloid process from the corresponding side. Conclusions: Because of the lack of knowledge of such important topic it is necessary to improve diagnostic methods. Hypertrophy of the styloid process is not the main reason of the development of styloid syndrome; the degree of deviation of the process is important. Conservative treatment in most cases has a lasting effect, but has repeated symptoms after a certain period of time; surgical treatment should be directed to the maximal resection of styloid process for decreasing the axis pressure on the neurovascular bundle of the neck.

Research in anaesthesia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Minto ◽  
J. Robert Sneyd
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Perioperative Medicine ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills

Clinicians need critical appraisal skills to weigh up the quality of the literature and to decide whether it has implications for their practice. Every belief in medicine is a construct created from the limited information available and carries a degree of uncertainty. A centralized approach to research identifies the highest priority areas of uncertainty so as to bring about the most improvement for the largest number of patients. This patient-centred model classifies studies into basic science, translational, and clinical research. Adequately powered mega-trials are required to bridge the translational gap between efficacy (does a treatment work?) and effectiveness (does a treatment work when applied in ordinary clinical practice?). There is a paucity of these in perioperative medicine.

scholarly journals Research priorities in bronchiectasis: a consensus statement from the EMBARC Clinical Research Collaboration

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 632-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Aliberti ◽  
Sarah Masefield ◽  
Eva Polverino ◽  
Anthony De Soyza ◽  
Michael R. Loebinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Important Research ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Modified Delphi

Bronchiectasis is a disease of renewed interest in light of an increase in prevalence and increasing burden on international healthcare systems. There are no licensed therapies, and large gaps in knowledge in terms of epidemiology, pathophysiology and therapy. The European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) is a European Respiratory Society (ERS) Clinical Research Collaboration, funded by ERS to promote high-quality research in bronchiectasis. The objective of this consensus statement was to define research priorities in bronchiectasis. From 2014 to 2015, EMBARC used a modified Delphi process among European bronchiectasis experts to reach a consensus on 55 key research priorities in this field. During the same period, the European Lung Foundation collected 711 questionnaires from adult patients with bronchiectasis and their carers from 22 European countries reporting important research priorities from their perspective. This consensus statement reports recommendations for bronchiectasis research after integrating both physicians and patients priorities, as well as those uniquely identified by the two groups. Priorities identified in this consensus statement provide the clearest possible roadmap towards improving our understanding of the disease and the quality of care for patients with bronchiectasis.

The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Imaging Programme

2010 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
John Bean ◽  
Jocelyne Flament ◽  
Pascal Ruyskart ◽  
Françoise Meunier ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Imaging ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cancer Clinical Trials ◽  
Imaging Technologies ◽  
European Organisation

The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), an international organisation under Belgian law, develops, conducts, co-ordinates and stimulates translational and clinical research in Europe aimed at improving the management of cancer and related problems by increasing survival and also improving patient quality of life. Imaging is now playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of cancer, and in order to further its mission to improve the standard of cancer treatment through the testing of more effective therapeutic strategies, the EORTC has initiated a cancer imaging programme. The objectives of this programme are to build an image exchange platform for cancer clinical trials, create an EORTC Imaging Group, network with stakeholders in cancer imaging, stimulate the integration of imaging components into EORTC studies, participate in major EU initiatives and link up with US co-operative groups. The EORTC is dedicated to improving the quality and consistency of evaluation of cancer treatment within its clinical trials through the incorporation of imaging technologies used for treatment definition for radiotherapy, staging, prediction and evaluation of response, or pathology.

Clinical Cancer Advances 2007: Major Research Advances in Cancer Treatment, Prevention, and Screening—A Report From the American Society of Clinical Oncology

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Gralow ◽  
Robert F. Ozols ◽  
Dean F. Bajorin ◽  
Bruce D. Cheson ◽  
Howard M. Sandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Clinical Oncology ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Clinical Cancer Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clinical Cancer ◽  
American Society

A MESSAGE FROM ASCO'S PRESIDENTFor the third year, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) is publishing Clinical Cancer Advances: Major Research Advances in Cancer Treatment, Prevention, and Screening, an annual review of the most significant cancer research presented or published over the past year. ASCO publishes this report to demonstrate the important progress being made on the front lines of clinical cancer research today. The report is intended to give all those with an interest in cancer care—the general public, cancer patients and organizations, policymakers, oncologists, and other medical professionals—an accessible summary of the year's most important cancer research advances. These pages report on the use of magnetic resonance imaging for breast cancer screening, the association between hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer incidence, the link between human papillomavirus and head and neck cancers, and the use of radiation therapy to prevent lung cancer from spreading. They also report on effective new targeted therapies for cancers that have been historically difficult to treat, such as liver cancer and kidney cancer, among many others. A total of 24 advances are featured in this year's report. These advances and many more over the past several years show that the nation's long-term investment in cancer research is paying off. But there are disturbing signs that progress could slow. We are now in the midst of the longest sustained period of flat government funding for cancer research in history. The budgets for the National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) have been unchanged for four years. When adjusted for inflation, cancer research funding has actually declined 12% since 2004. These budget constraints limit the NCI's ability to fund promising cancer research. In the past several years the number of grants that the NCI has been able to fund has significantly decreased; this year, in response to just the threat of a 10% budget cut, the nation's Clinical Trials Cooperative Groups reduced the number of patients participating in clinical trials by almost 2,000 and senior researchers report that many of the brightest young minds no longer see the promise of a career in science, choosing other careers instead. It's time to renew the nation's commitment to cancer research. Without additional support, the opportunity to build on the extraordinary progress to date will be lost or delayed. This report demonstrates the essential role that clinical cancer research plays in finding new and better ways to care for the more than 1.4 million people expected to be diagnosed with cancer this year. I want to thank the Editorial Board members, the Specialty Editors, and the ASCO Cancer Communications Committee for their dedicated work to develop this report. I hope you find it useful. Sincerely, Nancy E. Davidson, MD President American Society of Clinical Oncology

scholarly journals No Change in Fireworks-Related Burn Center Admissions: A 10-Year Analysis of the Admission Rates, Treatment, and Costs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Daan Van Yperen ◽  
Margriet Van Baar ◽  
Suzanne Polinder ◽  
Paul Van Zuijlen ◽  
Gerard Beerthuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
National Database ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Burn Center ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Patients

The aim of this study was to provide insight into the admission rate, treatment, and healthcare costs of patients with fireworks-related burns admitted to a Dutch burn center in the past 10 years. We hypothesized that, like the nationwide number of injuries, the number of patients admitted to a burn center with fireworks-related burn injuries would have decreased during the study period. In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, all patients with fireworks-related burns admitted to a Dutch burn center between 2009 and 2019 were eligible. Patients were identified from a national database and data were obtained regarding admission details, patient and injury characteristics, treatment, and healthcare costs. A total of 133 patients were included. On average, 12 patients were admitted per year. No increase or decrease was observed during the study period. The median total body surface area burned was 1% (P25–P75 0.5–2.5) and 75% of the burns were of partial thickness. Thirteen (10%) patients were admitted to the ICU and 66 (50%) underwent surgical treatment. The mean total healthcare costs across all 133 patients were estimated at €9040 (95% CI €5830 to €12,260) per patient. In contrast to the hypothesis, no increase or decrease was observed in burn center admissions over the past 10 years. Most burns were of small size, but nevertheless, all patients were admitted to a burn center and half of them underwent surgical treatment.

scholarly journals Improvement of surgical tactics in acute destructive cholecystitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Saydullaev ◽  
S. S. Davlatov ◽  
K. E. Rakhmanov
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
State Medical Institute ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Surgical Tactics ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract. Relevance. According to the World Health Organization, in the world due to the increase in the incidence of cholelithiasis, there is an increase in the number of patients with destructive forms of this pathology. The aim of the study is to improve the quality of treatment of patients with acute destructive cholecystitis by improving surgical tactics. Materials and research methods. The work is based on the assessment of the results of surgical treatment of patients with acute destructive cholecystitis who were treated in the surgical departments of the 1st clinic of the Samarkand State Medical Institute (clinical base of the departments of surgical diseases No. 1 and general surgery of the Samarkand State Medical Institute) for the period from 2016 to 2020. Conclusions. The tactics of surgical treatment of patients with destructive cholecystitis, taking into account an integrated approach to the choice of access, made it possible to improve the quality of care by reducing the frequency of immediate postoperative complications from 13.4% (11 patients in the comparison group) to 1.7% (2 patients in the main group).

Prevalence of tuberculosis in Russian Federation in 1970–2019 and factors influencing its level

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
M. V. Shilova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Detection Quality

The data on the prevalence of tuberculosis in the Russian Federation are presented. A decrease in the prevalence of tuberculosis over the past 49 years, from 1970 to 2019, and a decrease in the number of patients with tuberculosis are shown. The factors influencing the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in the Russian Federation are considered: timely detection, quality of diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis patients, MBT drug resistance, HIV infection in tuberculosis patients. The reliability of indicators characterizing the prevalence of tuberculosis has been studied.

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