scholarly journals Epidemiology and Implementation of Cancer Prevention in Disparate Populations and Settings

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Lopez ◽  
Lauren Hudson ◽  
Nathan L. Vanderford ◽  
Robin Vanderpool ◽  
Jennifer Griggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Health System ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cancer Education ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Prevention Strategies

Successful cancer prevention strategies must be tailored to support usability. In this article, we will focus on cancer prevention strategies in populations that differ by race and ethnicity, place and location, sexual orientation and gender identity, and age by providing examples of effective approaches. An individual may belong to none of these categories, to all of these categories, or to some. This intersectionality of belonging characterizes individuals and shapes their experiences. Even within a category, broad diversity exists. Effective cancer prevention strategies comprehensively engage the community at multiple levels of influence and may effectively include lay health workers and faith-based cancer education interventions. Health system efforts that integrate cancer health with other health promotion activities show promise. At the individual physician level, culturally literate approaches have demonstrated success. For example, when discussing cancer screening tests with older adults, clinicians should indicate whether any data suggest that the screening test improves quality or quantity of life and the lag time to benefit from the screening test. This will allow older adults to make an informed cancer screening decision based on a realistic understanding of the potential benefits and risks and their values and preferences. Addressing individual and health system bias remains a challenge. Quality improvement strategies can address gaps in quality of care with respect to timeliness of care, coordination of care, and patient experience. The time is ripe for research on effective and interdisciplinary prevention strategies that harness expertise from preventive medicine, behavioral medicine, implementation science, e-health, telemedicine, and other diverse fields of health promotion.

scholarly journals Primary care providers’ beliefs and practices on colorectal cancer screening in Kuwait

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E L Tolma ◽  
S M Aljunid ◽  
M N Amrizal ◽  
J Longenecker ◽  
A Al-Basmy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Health System ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Crc Screening

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health issue in the Arab region. In Kuwait, CRC is the second most frequent cancer, with an age-standardized (world) incidence rate of 13.2 cases/100,000 in 2018. Despite the national efforts to promote CRC screening the current participation rate is very low (5 to 17%). Primary Care Providers (PCPs) are considered as the gatekeepers of cancer screening globally. This is one of the first studies in Kuwait that examined the current beliefs/practices of PCPs on CRC screening. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at governmental primary care centers in Kuwait from 2015-2017. Of 564 PCPs invited to participate from all centers, 255 completed the self-administered questionnaires. The 14-page survey contained 75 questions on PCPs’ beliefs and practices of CRC screening. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Results The study sample consisted primarily of females (52.0%) and non-Kuwaiti (79%) physicians, with mean age =43.3 (SD: 11.2) years. Most respondents (92%) believed that colonoscopy is the most effective screening tool. The majority (78%) reported that they recommend CRC screening to their patients, with colonoscopy as the most frequent modality (87%) followed by the Faecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) (52%). Around 40% of the respondents stated that they did not have time to discuss CRC screening with their patients. The majority (72%) believed that their patients did not complete their CRC screening tests. Health system related barriers included difficulties in obtaining test results from the gastroenterologist (61.4%), ordering follow-up test after a positive screening test (50.6%) and shortage of trained staff to conduct the screening test (44.2%). Conclusions A majority of PCPs in Kuwait recommend CRC screening to their patients, but not all patients follow through their recommendation. More research is needed to find out how to further enhance patient uptake of CRC screening. Key messages Colonoscopy is the most frequent screening CRC modality used in Kuwait. Health system related factors can be important future intervention targets to promote CRC screening.

scholarly journals Analyzing Awareness on Risk Factors, Barriers and Prevention of Cervical Cancer among Pairs of Nepali High School Students and Their Mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4382
Author(s):  
Kritika Poudel ◽  
Naomi Sumi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Education ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Practice

Providing information on increased cancer risks associated with certain behaviors might encourage adolescents to initiate protective behaviors. This study firstly determined the knowledge of risk factors and prevention of cervical cancer. Secondly, it checked an association between mothers’ screening practice and student’s knowledge. A descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted among 253 pairs of high school students and their mothers. Knowledge on cervical cancer was significantly lower among students and mothers. While cancer screening tests, maintenance of hygiene were considered as major preventive measures for cervical cancer, human papilloma vaccine was the least considered preventive measure. Students who were female, attended discussions on cancer and had a healthy diet had better awareness of cancer. Mothers of female students had better knowledge about cervical cancer than mothers of male students. Less perceived susceptibility and lack of knowledge were major obstacles among mothers, limiting cervical cancer screening to 15%. Although association between knowledge of students and screening practice of mothers was not clear, it was observed that cancer communication increased awareness of cervical cancer in both groups. Our findings showed a strong need for school-based cancer education program to address the issues of human papillomavirus vaccinations, cervical cancer risk and screening.

Impact of Medicaid reimbursement and eligibility policies on receipt of cancer screening.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6514-6514
Author(s):  
Michael T. Halpern ◽  
Melissa A. Romaire ◽  
Susan G. Haber ◽  
Florence K. Tangka ◽  
Susan A. Sabatino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Medicaid Reimbursement ◽  
Pap Tests ◽  
Medicaid Eligibility ◽  
Eligibility Requirements ◽  
To Receive

6514 Background: State Medicaid programs cover receipt of cancer screening services. However, coverage of cancer screening tests does not guarantee access to these services. Medicaid beneficiaries are less likely to be screened for cancer and more likely to present with advanced stage cancers. State-specific variations in Medicaid program eligibility requirements and reimbursements for medical services may affect cancer screening rates among Medicaid enrollees. This study examined how eligibility and reimbursement policies affected receipt of breast, cervical, colorectal, and prostate cancer screening. Methods: We examined 2007 Medicaid data for individuals age 21-64 enrolled in fee-for-service Medicaid for at least 4 months from 46 states and the District of Columbia. We examined the association of state-specific Medicaid cancer screening test and office visit reimbursements, income and financial asset eligibility requirements, physician copayments, and frequency of Medicaid eligibility renewal on receipt of cancer screening. Analyses used multivariate logistic regressions with generalized estimating equations to control for correlation between beneficiaries within a state. Results: Increased Medicaid screening test reimbursements were significantly associated with small increases in receipt of colonoscopy, mammograms, and PSA tests. Increased reimbursements for office visits were associated with increased receipt of colonoscopy, FOBT, Pap tests, and mammograms. Greater asset thresholds for Medicaid eligibility increased the likelihood of all screening tests except FOBT. Beneficiaries in states requiring more frequent (<12 month) renewal of Medicaid eligibility were more likely to receive FOBT, PSA, or mammograms, but less likely to receive Pap tests. Conclusions: Increasing Medicaid reimbursement rates and asset policies was generally associated with increases in cancer screening. As proposed Medicaid eligibility expansions will almost certainly increase the number of enrollees in this program, it is crucial to provide adequate reimbursements and develop eligibility policies to promote cancer screening and thereby increase early cancer detection among this underserved population.

scholarly journals Promkes Perilaku Cerdik Untuk Pencegahan Kanker Pada Kelompok Guru Bina Amal Semarang

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Dyah Restuning Prihati ◽  
Maulidta Karunianingtyas Wirawati ◽  
Endang Supriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Early Detection Of Cancer ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Early Cancer ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
And Training

ABSTRAKPenyebab kematian utama salah satunya adalah penyakit kanker. Kanker menempati sepuluh besar penyakit penyebab kematian di Indonesia. Permasalahan mitra diantaranya pengetahuan guru tentang kanker, bahaya dan cara pencegahan kurang; belum ada penyuluhan tentang kanker oleh petugas kesehatan. Tujuan Promosi kesehatan perilaku CERDIK untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan guru tentang kanker, bahaya dan cara pencegahan; meningkatkan kesadaran dan kewaspadaan terhadap bahaya penyakit kanker; meningkatkan perilaku hidup sehat untuk mencegah penyakit  kanker dengan perilaku CERDIK. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah  kelompok guru Bina Amal Semarang. Metode yang akan digunakan adalah Promosi kesehatan meliputi penyuluhan tentang kewaspadaan dini terhadap penyakit kanker, pemutaran video tentang SADARI dan pelatihan pengukuran tekanan darah kepada guru dan pendampingan. Hasil Kegiatan ini terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan kelompok guru setelah diberikan promosi kesehatan tentang pencegahan dini kanker. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang penyakit kanker dan upaya deteksi dini pencegahan kanker dengan melakukan kegiatan promotif dan preventif. Diharapkan dengan implementasi perilaku CERDIK bisa diterapkan di sekolah dengan bimbingan yang diberikan oleh para guru kepada siswanya dan wali orangtua siswa. Kata Kunci : Kelompok Guru, Promkes,  Cegah Kanker.  ABSTRACT One of the main causes of death is cancer. Cancer occupies the top ten diseases that cause death in Indonesia. Partner problems include teachers' lack of knowledge about cancer, dangers and prevention methods; there has been no education about cancer by health workers. The objective of CERDIK Behavioral Health Promotion to increase teachers' knowledge about cancer, its dangers and prevention methods; raise awareness and awareness of the dangers of cancer; promote healthy living habits to prevent cancer with ENDICHING behavior. The target of this activity is the Bina Amal Semarang teacher group. The method that will be used is health promotion which includes counseling on early awareness of cancer, video screening of BSE and training in measuring blood pressure for teachers and mentoring. The result of this activity was an increase in the knowledge of the teacher group after being given health promotion on early cancer prevention. One of the efforts to increase public knowledge about cancer and early detection of cancer prevention is by carrying out promotional and preventive activities. It is hoped that the implementation of CERDIK behavior can be applied in schools with the guidance provided by teachers to students and parents of students. Keywords: Teacher Group, Health Promotion, Prevent Cancer

scholarly journals A Step towards Understanding and Tackling Health Inequalities: The Use of Secondary Prevention Services and the Need for Health Promotion in a Rural Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8492
Author(s):  
Monika Karasiewicz ◽  
Ewelina Chawłowska ◽  
Agnieszka Lipiak ◽  
Barbara Więckowska
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Care Providers

Poland has recently intensified its health promotion in an effort to extend healthy life expectancy and reduce health inequalities. Our aim was to reach a deprived rural population, increase its health literacy, and explore its use of and barriers to cancer screening and public health care. A CBPR study was conducted in one of the poorest districts in Wielkopolska region, Poland, among 122 beneficiaries of health education workshops. A self-developed questionnaire was used. The reported barriers to participation in cancer screening included: lack of time, lack of need, or feeling healthy (32.8%); long waiting times (17.2%); fear of costs (9%). Physicians seldom recommended screening to their patients. Only 7.4% of respondents had ever received dermatoscopy. Among women, 18.2% did not perform any breast exams and 25% had never had smear tests. Diagnostics was often financed out of pocket (thyroid ultrasound = 58.1%; smear test = 48.5%; breast ultrasound = 36.8%). The health system needs mentioned by participants included better access to physicians (65.6%), promotion of free screening tests (54.9%), and access to public health programmes (22.1%). There is an urgent need to translate national strategies into action. Health promotion and better access to care must become priorities in deprived areas, while primary care providers should become key figures in delivering these services.

Overview of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Older Adults

2013 ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Dunn ◽  
Peter Greenwald ◽  
Darrell E. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Prevention Strategies

The Impact of 4 Risk Communication Interventions on Cancer Screening Preferences and Knowledge

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272989X2110397
Author(s):  
K. D. Valentine ◽  
Pete Wegier ◽  
Victoria A. Shaffer ◽  
Laura D. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Patient Choice ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Intervention Preferences ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The US Preventive Services Task Force has changed their screening recommendations, encouraging informed patient choice and shared decision making as a result of emerging evidence. We aimed to compare the impact of a didactic intervention, a descriptive harms intervention, a narrative intervention, and a new risk communication strategy titled Aiding Risk Information learning through Simulated Experience (ARISE) on preferences for a hypothetical beneficial cancer screening test (one that reduces the chance of cancer death or extends life) versus a hypothetical screening test with no proven physical benefits. Method A total of 3386 men and women aged 40 to 70 completed an online survey about prostate or breast cancer screening. Participants were randomly assigned to either an unbeneficial test condition (0 lives saved due to screening) or a beneficial test condition (1 life saved due to screening). Participants then reviewed 4 informational interventions about either breast (women) or prostate (men) cancer screening. First, participants were provided didactic information alongside an explicit recommendation. This was followed by a descriptive harms intervention in which the possible harms of overdetection were explained. Participants then viewed 2 additional interventions: a narrative and ARISE (an intervention in which participants learned about probabilities by viewing simulated outcomes). The order of these last 2 interventions was randomized. Preference for being screened with the test and knowledge about the test were measured. Results With each successive intervention, preferences for screening tests decreased an equivalent amount for both a beneficial and unbeneficial test. Knowledge about the screening tests was largely unimpacted by the interventions. Conclusions Presenting detailed risk and benefit information, narratives, and ARISE reduced preferences for screening regardless of the net public benefit of screening.

scholarly journals Older adults’ preferences for colorectal cancer-screening test attributes and test choice

2015 ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trisha Crutchfield ◽  
Christine Kistler ◽  
Thomas Hess ◽  
Kirsten Howard ◽  
Michael Pignone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Cancer Screening Test
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