scholarly journals The Evaluation of a Temporal Reasoning System in Processing Clinical Discharge Summaries

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhou ◽  
S. Parsons ◽  
G. Hripcsak
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Discharge Summaries

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

scholarly journals The Design and Experimental Analysis of Algorithms for Temporal Reasoning

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Van Beek ◽  
D. W. Manchak
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Algorithms ◽  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Search Problem ◽  
Planning And Scheduling ◽  
Backtracking Search ◽  
The Core ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Space Requirements ◽  
Experimental Analysis Of Algorithms

Many applications -- from planning and scheduling to problems in molecular biology -- rely heavily on a temporal reasoning component. In this paper, we discuss the design and empirical analysis of algorithms for a temporal reasoning system based on Allen's influential interval-based framework for representing temporal information. At the core of the system are algorithms for determining whether the temporal information is consistent, and, if so, finding one or more scenarios that are consistent with the temporal information. Two important algorithms for these tasks are a path consistency algorithm and a backtracking algorithm. For the path consistency algorithm, we develop techniques that can result in up to a ten-fold speedup over an already highly optimized implementation. For the backtracking algorithm, we develop variable and value ordering heuristics that are shown empirically to dramatically improve the performance of the algorithm. As well, we show that a previously suggested reformulation of the backtracking search problem can reduce the time and space requirements of the backtracking search. Taken together, the techniques we develop allow a temporal reasoning component to solve problems that are of practical size.

scholarly journals Locating the contradiction in our understanding of time

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Prosser
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning System

Abstract I offer some clarification concerning the kind of contradiction that Hoerl & McCormack's account could help explain and the scope of the metaphysical intuitions that could be explained by such a theory. I conclude that we need to know more about the sense in which the temporal reasoning system would represent time as a dimension.

What time words teach us about children's acquisition of the temporal reasoning system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine A. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Temporal Concepts

Abstract Here I consider the possible role of the temporal updating system in the development of the temporal reasoning system. Using evidence from children's acquisition of time words, I argue that abstract temporal concepts are not built from primitive representations of time. Instead, I propose that language and cultural learning provide the primary sources of the temporal reasoning system.

On the human uniqueness of the temporal reasoning system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Montemayor
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Human Uniqueness ◽  
Central Claim

Abstract A central claim by Hoerl & McCormack is that the temporal reasoning system is uniquely human. But why exactly? This commentary evaluates two possible options to justify the thesis that temporal reasoning is uniquely human, one based on considerations regarding agency and the other based on language. The commentary raises problems for both of these options.

Thinking about the past as the past for the past's sake: Why did temporal reasoning evolve?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes B. Mahr
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reasoning System

Abstract Hoerl & McCormack discuss the benefits of temporal reasoning mainly with respect to future planning and decision making. I point out that, for humans, the ability to represent particular past times has distinct benefits, which are independent from contributing to future-directed cognition. Hence, the evolution of the temporal reasoning system was not necessarily driven primarily by its benefits for future-directed cognition.

scholarly journals Thinking in and about time: A dual systems perspective on temporal cognition

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Hoerl ◽  
Teresa McCormack
Keyword(s):  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Temporal Cognition ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Two Systems

Abstract We outline a dual systems approach to temporal cognition, which distinguishes between two cognitive systems for dealing with how things unfold over time – a temporal updating system and a temporal reasoning system – of which the former is both phylogenetically and ontogenetically more primitive than the latter, and which are at work alongside each other in adult human cognition. We describe the main features of each of the two systems, the types of behavior the more primitive temporal updating system can support, and the respects in which it is more limited than the temporal reasoning system. We then use the distinction between the two systems to interpret findings in comparative and developmental psychology, arguing that animals operate only with a temporal updating system and that children start out doing so too, before gradually becoming capable of thinking and reasoning about time. After this, we turn to adult human cognition and suggest that our account can also shed light on a specific feature of humans’ everyday thinking about time that has been the subject of debate in the philosophy of time, which consists in a tendency to think about the nature of time itself in a way that appears ultimately self-contradictory. We conclude by considering the topic of intertemporal choice, and argue that drawing the distinction between temporal updating and temporal reasoning is also useful in the context of characterizing two distinct mechanisms for delaying gratification.

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