The Gap Gene System of Drosophila melanogaster: Model-Fitting and Validation

2007 ◽  
Vol 1115 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. PERKINS
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Gene System ◽  
Gap Gene

scholarly journals Dynamical Analysis of Regulatory Interactions in the Gap Gene System of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 1721-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Jaeger ◽  
Maxim Blagov ◽  
David Kosman ◽  
Konstantin N. Kozlov ◽  
Manu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Interactions ◽  
Gene System ◽  
Gap Gene

scholarly journals tarsal-less is expressed as a gap gene but has no gap gene phenotype in the moth midge Clogmia albipunctata

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 180458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Jiménez-Guri ◽  
Karl R. Wotton ◽  
Johannes Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Gap Gene ◽  
Gap Genes ◽  
Subtle Effect ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Vinegar Fly ◽  
Clogmia Albipunctata ◽  
Overlapping Domains

Gap genes are involved in segment determination during early development of the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster and other dipteran insects (flies, midges and mosquitoes). They are expressed in overlapping domains along the antero-posterior (A–P) axis of the blastoderm embryo. While gap domains cover the entire length of the A–P axis in Drosophila, there is a region in the blastoderm of the moth midge Clogmia albipunctata , which lacks canonical gap gene expression. Is a non-canonical gap gene functioning in this area? Here, we characterize tarsal-less ( tal ) in C. albipunctata . The homologue of tal in the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (called milles-pattes, mlpt ) is a bona fide gap gene. We find that Ca-tal is expressed in the region previously reported as lacking gap gene expression. Using RNA interference, we study the interaction of Ca-tal with gap genes. We show that Ca-tal is regulated by gap genes, but only has a very subtle effect on tailless (Ca-tll), while not affecting other gap genes at all. Moreover, cuticle phenotypes of Ca-tal depleted embryos do not show any gap phenotype. We conclude that Ca-tal is expressed and regulated like a gap gene, but does not function as a gap gene in C. albipunctata .

scholarly journals Needs and Targets for the multi sex combs Gene Product in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 1823-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Saget ◽  
Françoise Forquignon ◽  
Pedro Santamaria ◽  
Neel B Randsholt
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Polycomb Group ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Maternal Control ◽  
Gap Gene ◽  
Sex Combs ◽  
Normal Expression ◽  
Selector Genes ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

Abstract We have analyzed the requirements for the multi sex combs (mxc) gene during development to gain further insight into the mechanisms and developmental processes that depend on the important trans-regulators forming the Polycomb group (PcG) in Drosophila melanogaster. mxc is allelic with the tumor suppressor locus lethal (1) malignant blood neoplasm (l(1)mbn). We show that the mxc product is dramatically needed in most tissues because its loss leads to cell death after a few divisions. mxc has also a strong maternal effect. We find that hypomorphic mxc mutations enhance other PcG gene mutant phenotypes and cause ectopic expression of homeotic genes, confirming that PcG products are cooperatively involved in repression of selector genes outside their normal expression domains. We also demonstrate that the mxc product is needed for imaginal head specification, through regulation of the ANT-C gene Deformed. Our analysis reveals that mxc is involved in the maternal control of early zygotic gap gene expression previously reported for some PcG genes and suggests that the mechanism of this early PcG function could be different from the PcG-mediated regulation of homeotic selector genes later in development. We discuss these data in view of the numerous functions of PcG genes during development.

scholarly journals Further studies on the modifier gene system regulating activities of X-linked enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster.

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel H. HORI ◽  
Soichi TANDA ◽  
Kazuki FUKAZAWA ◽  
Takaomi HANAOKA
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Modifier Gene ◽  
Gene System

scholarly journals A systematic analysis of the gap gene system in the moth midge Clogmia albipunctata

2010 ◽  
Vol 344 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica García-Solache ◽  
Johannes Jaeger ◽  
Michael Akam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Gene System ◽  
Gap Gene ◽  
Clogmia Albipunctata

scholarly journals Gap genes are involved in inviability in hybrids between Drosophila melanogaster and D. santomea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhan Chang ◽  
Martin Kreitman ◽  
Daniel R. Matute
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Hybrid Inviability ◽  
Gap Gene ◽  
Gap Genes ◽  
Anterior Posterior

ABSTRACTEvolved changes within species lead to the inevitable loss of viability in hybrids. Inviability is also a convenient phenotype to genetically map and validate functionally divergent genes and pathways differentiating closely related species. Here we identify the Drosophila melanogaster form of the highly conserved essential gap gene giant (gt) as a key genetic determinant of hybrid inviability in crosses with D. santomea. We show that the coding region of this allele in D. melanogaster/D. santomea hybrids is sufficient to cause embryonic inviability not seen in either pure species. Further genetic analysis indicates that tailless (tll), another gap gene, is also involved in the hybrid defects. giant and tll are both members of the gap gene network of transcription factors that participate in establishing anterior-posterior specification of the dipteran embryo, a highly conserved developmental process. Genes whose outputs in this process are functionally conserved nevertheless evolve over short timescales to cause inviability in hybrids.

Stripe forming architecture of the gap gene system

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Reinitz ◽  
David Kosman ◽  
Carlos E. Vanario-Alonso ◽  
David H. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Gene System ◽  
Gap Gene

scholarly journals Analysis of Gap Gene Regulation in a 3D Organism-Scale Model of the Drosophila melanogaster Embryo

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e26797 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Hengenius ◽  
Michael Gribskov ◽  
Ann E. Rundell ◽  
Charless C. Fowlkes ◽  
David M. Umulis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Gap Gene

scholarly journals Speeding up anterior-posterior patterning of insects by differential initialization of the gap gene cascade

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Rudolf ◽  
Christine Zellner ◽  
Ezzat El-Sherif
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Evolutionary Transition ◽  
Gap Gene ◽  
Sequential Mode ◽  
Patterning Genes ◽  
Computational Analyses ◽  
Anterior Posterior

AbstractRecently, it was shown that anterior-posterior patterning genes in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum are expressed sequentially in waves. However, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, an insect with a derived mode of embryogenesis compared to Tribolium, anterior-posterior patterning genes quickly and simultaneously arise as mature gene expression domains that, afterwards, undergo slight posterior-to-anterior shifts. This raises the question of how a fast and simultaneous mode of patterning, like that of Drosophila, could have evolved from a rather slow sequential mode of patterning, like that of Tribolium. In this paper, we elucidate a mechanism for this evolutionary transition based on a switch from a uniform to a gradient-mediated initialization of the gap gene cascade by maternal Hb. The model is supported by computational analyses and experiments.

scholarly journals An efficient gene regulatory network inference algorithm for early Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Matsumoto ◽  
Hisanori Kiryu ◽  
Yasuhiro Kojima ◽  
Suguru Yaginuma ◽  
Itoshi Nikaido
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Efficient Algorithm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gap Gene ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Gap Genes ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Scale Data

AbstractThe spatial patterns of gene expression in early Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis have been studied experimentally and theoretically to reveal the molecular basis of morphogenesis. In particular, the gene regulatory network (GRN) of gap genes has been investigated through mathematical modeling and simulation. Although these simulation-based approaches are useful for describing complex dynamics and have revealed several important regulations in spatial patterning, they are computationally intensive because they optimize GRN with iterative simulation. Recently, the advance of experimental technologies is enabling the acquisition of comprehensive spatial expression data, and an efficient algorithm will be necessary to analyze such large-scale data. In this research, we developed an efficient algorithm to infer the GRN based on a linear reaction-diffusion model. First, we qualitatively analyzed the GRNs of gap genes and pair-rule genes based on our algorithm and showed that two mutual repressions are fundamental regulations. Then, we inferred the GRN from gap gene data, and identified asymmetric regulations in addition to the two mutual repressions. We analyzed the effect of these asymmetric regulations on spatial patterns, and showed that they have the potential to adjust peak position. Our algorithm runs in sub-second time, which is significantly smaller than the runtime of simulation-based approaches (between 8 and 160 h, for exmaple). Neverthe-less, our inferred GRN was highly correlated with the simulation-based GRNs. We also analyzed the gap gene network of Clogmia albipunctata and showed that different mutual repression regulations might be important in comparison with those of Drosophila melanogaster. As our algorithm can infer GRNs efficiently and can be applied to several different network analysis, it will be a valuable approach for analyzing large-scale data.

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