scholarly journals DEPENDENCE OF STABILITY OF NICHOLSON'S BLOWFLIES EQUATION WITH MATURATION STAGE ON PARAMETERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 670-680
Author(s):  
Jianquan Li ◽  
◽  
Baolin Zhang ◽  
Yiqun Li
Keyword(s):  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Nicholson’S Blowflies Equation

Lif Deficiency Leads to Iron Transportation Dysfunction in Ameloblasts

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110119
Author(s):  
L. Fan ◽  
Y.J. Ou ◽  
Y.X. Zhu ◽  
Y.D. Liang ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Development ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Stat3 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Stem Cell Pluripotency ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a member of the interleukin 6 family of cytokines, is involved in skeletal metabolism, blastocyst implantation, and stem cell pluripotency maintenance. However, the role of LIF in tooth development needs to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Lif deficiency on tooth development and to elucidate the functions of Lif during tooth development and the underlying mechanisms. First, it was found that the incisors of Lif-knockout mice had a much whiter color than those of wild-type mice. Although there were no structural abnormalities or defective mineralization according to scanning electronic microscopy and computed tomography analysis, 3-dimensional images showed that the length of incisors was shorter in Lif−/− mice. Microhardness and acid resistance assays showed that the hardness and acid resistance of the enamel surface of Lif−/− mice were decreased compared to those of wild-type mice. In Lif−/− mice, whose general iron status was comparable to that of the control mice, the iron content of the incisors was significantly reduced, as confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Prussian blue staining. Histological staining showed that the cell length of maturation-stage ameloblasts was shorter in Lif−/− mice. Likewise, decreased expression of Tfrc and Slc40a1, both of which are crucial proteins for iron transportation, was observed in Lif−/− mice and Lif-knockdown ameloblast lineage cell lines, according to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Moreover, the upregulation of Tfrc and Slc40a1 induced by Lif stimulation was blocked by Stattic, a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling inhibitor. These results suggest that Lif deficiency inhibits iron transportation in the maturation-stage ameloblasts, and Lif modulates expression of Tfrc and Slc40a1 through the Stat3 signaling pathway during enamel development.

scholarly journals Which Is More Sensitive to Water Stress for Irrigation Scheduling during the Maturation Stage: Grapevine Photosynthesis or Berry Size?

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Qingtao Zhang ◽  
Yixuan Chen ◽  
Yujiu Xiong ◽  
Shigeoki Moritani ◽  
Xinyu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
A Value ◽  
Berry Size

To better understand the sensitivity of berry size and grapevine photosynthesis to water stress, and determine the soil water potential (ψ) threshold for scheduling irrigation during the maturation stage, we simultaneously measured berry size with photographs, leaf net photosynthesis with a portable meter, and ψ with tensiometers during the drying cycles for grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Our results showed that in berry development stage III (maturation), photosynthesis was more sensitive to water stress than berry size. When ψ decreased beyond −13.2 ± 0.82 kPa, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and extrinsic (AN/E) and intrinsic (AN/gs) water use efficiency (WUE) decreased rapidly and did not recover thereafter. In contrast, the berry size remained close to unaffected by the decreasing ψ until it reached a value of −16.2 ± 0.77 kPa and, thereafter, the berry shrank significantly. In conclusion, we suggest that during the maturation stage of grapevines, for the potted mixture used in our experiments, irrigation should be triggered when the ψ reaches a value of −13.2 ± 0.82 kPa. Further, ψ should be kept lower than −6.9 ± 0.15 kPa after irrigation, because the highest values of intrinsic WUE (AN/gs) occurred when ψ decreased from −6.9 ± 0.15 to −14.6 ± 0.7 kPa. In arid areas, the threshold ψ should be considered as −16.2 ± 0.77 kPa during maturation to achieve high-efficiency use of water resources and sustainable production of grapevines.

scholarly journals Single human oocyte transcriptome analysis reveals distinct maturation stage‐dependent pathways impacted by age

Aging Cell ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Llonch ◽  
Montserrat Barragán ◽  
Paula Nieto ◽  
Anna Mallol ◽  
Marc Elosua‐Bayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Human Oocyte ◽  
Maturation Stage

scholarly journals Desiccation Tolerance as the Basis of Long-Term Seed Viability

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Galina Smolikova ◽  
Tatiana Leonova ◽  
Natalia Vashurina ◽  
Andrej Frolov ◽  
Sergei Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Orthodox Seeds

Desiccation tolerance appeared as the key adaptation feature of photoautotrophic organisms for survival in terrestrial habitats. During the further evolution, vascular plants developed complex anatomy structures and molecular mechanisms to maintain the hydrated state of cell environment and sustain dehydration. However, the role of the genes encoding the mechanisms behind this adaptive feature of terrestrial plants changed with their evolution. Thus, in higher vascular plants it is restricted to protection of spores, seeds and pollen from dehydration, whereas the mature vegetative stages became sensitive to desiccation. During maturation, orthodox seeds lose up to 95% of water and successfully enter dormancy. This feature allows seeds maintaining their viability even under strongly fluctuating environmental conditions. The mechanisms behind the desiccation tolerance are activated at the late seed maturation stage and are associated with the accumulation of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, small heat shock proteins (sHSP), non-reducing oligosaccharides, and antioxidants of different chemical nature. The main regulators of maturation and desiccation tolerance are abscisic acid and protein DOG1, which control the network of transcription factors, represented by LEC1, LEC2, FUS3, ABI3, ABI5, AGL67, PLATZ1, PLATZ2. This network is complemented by epigenetic regulation of gene expression via methylation of DNA, post-translational modifications of histones and chromatin remodeling. These fine regulatory mechanisms allow orthodox seeds maintaining desiccation tolerance during the whole period of germination up to the stage of radicle protrusion. This time point, in which seeds lose desiccation tolerance, is critical for the whole process of seed development.

scholarly journals Oligodendroglial Energy Metabolism and (re)Myelination

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Vanja Tepavčević
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Trophic Support ◽  
Important Contributor ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Axonal Pathology ◽  
Sufficient Energy

Central nervous system (CNS) myelin has a crucial role in accelerating the propagation of action potentials and providing trophic support to the axons. Defective myelination and lack of myelin regeneration following demyelination can both lead to axonal pathology and neurodegeneration. Energy deficit has been evoked as an important contributor to various CNS disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, dysregulation of energy homeostasis in oligodendroglia may be an important contributor to myelin dysfunction and lack of repair observed in the disease. This article will focus on energy metabolism pathways in oligodendroglial cells and highlight differences dependent on the maturation stage of the cell. In addition, it will emphasize that the use of alternative energy sources by oligodendroglia may be required to save glucose for functions that cannot be fulfilled by other metabolites, thus ensuring sufficient energy input for both myelin synthesis and trophic support to the axons. Finally, it will point out that neuropathological findings in a subtype of MS lesions likely reflect defective oligodendroglial energy homeostasis in the disease.

scholarly journals Role of Innate Inflammation in the Regulation of Tissue Remodeling during Tooth Eruption

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Yusuke Makino ◽  
Kaoru Fujikawa ◽  
Miwako Matsuki-Fukushima ◽  
Satoshi Inoue ◽  
Masanori Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Tooth Eruption ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Enamel Organ ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions

Tooth eruption is characterized by a coordinated complex cascade of cellular and molecular events that promote tooth movement through the eruptive pathway. During tooth eruption, the stratum intermedium structurally changes to the papillary layer with tooth organ development. We previously reported intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on the papillary layer, which is the origin of the ICAM-1-positive junctional epithelium. ICAM-1 expression is induced by proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. Inflammatory reactions induce tissue degradation. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether inflammatory reactions are involved in tooth eruption. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed sequential expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α, interleukin-1β, and chemotactic factors, including keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), during tooth eruption. Consistent with the RT-PCR results, immunohistochemical analysis revealed KC and MIP-2 expression in the papillary layer cells of the enamel organ from the ameloblast maturation stage. Moreover, there was massive macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the connective tissue between the tooth organ and oral epithelium during tooth eruption. These findings suggest that inflammatory reactions might be involved in the degradation of tissue overlying the tooth organ. Further, these reactions might be induced by hypoxia in the tissue overlying the tooth organ, which results from decreased capillaries in the tissue. Our findings indicate that bacterial infections are not associated with the eruption process. Therefore, tooth eruption might be regulated by innate inflammatory mechanisms.

scholarly journals Nuclear oncoprotein expression as a function of lineage, differentiation stage, and proliferative status of normal human hematopoietic cells

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1517-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Kastan ◽  
KD Stone ◽  
CI Civin
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Flow Cytometric Assay ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Differentiation Stage

Abstract Relative levels of the nuclear oncoproteins c-myb, c-myc, and c-fos were determined in selected subpopulations of normal human bone marrow (BM) cells using a flow cytometric assay which simultaneously detects a cell-surface antigen (as a marker of lineage and stage of maturation) and levels of an intracellular protein. At least two monoclonal antibodies directed against each oncoprotein and specific peptide inhibition controls were used for these determinations. Hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+) express the highest levels of c-myb and c-myc, whereas c-fos levels in CD34+ progenitor cells are similar to c-fos levels in mature monocytes and granulocytes. Granulocytes are the only hematopoietic cells examined which do not express detectable levels of c-myb and c-myc. The levels of these oncoproteins in these normal, unstimulated BM cell populations were more closely linked to lineage and maturation stage than to the proliferative status of the given population, as determined by either DNA staining or expression of the cell-cycle specific nuclear protein, Ki67. This flow cytometric assay helps in interpreting the significance of oncoprotein levels in leukemia cells by allowing direct comparisons of a leukemia with the phenotypically similar “normal counterpart control” cell population in normal BM.

Carotenoid Components in Soybean Seeds Varying with Seed Color and Maturation Stage

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Monma ◽  
Miwako Ito ◽  
Masayoshi Saito ◽  
Koichi Chikuni
Keyword(s):  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Seed Color

Relative Levels of mRNA Encoding Enamel Proteins in Enamel Organ Epithelia and Odontoblasts

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 982-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nagano ◽  
S. Oida ◽  
H. Ando ◽  
K. Gomi ◽  
T. Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Enamel Organ ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Enamel Protein ◽  
Enamel Proteins ◽  
Enamel Layer

Amelogenin, enamelin, sheathlin (ameloblastin/ amelin), enamelysin (MMP-20), and KLK4 (EMSP-1) are the major structural proteins and proteinases in developing tooth enamel. Recently, odontoblasts were reported to express amelogenin, the most abundant enamel protein. In this study, we hypothesized that odontoblasts express all enamel proteins and proteases, and we measured their relative mRNA levels in enamel organ epithelia and odontoblasts associated with porcine secretory- and maturation-stage enamel by RT-PCR, using a LightCycler instrument. The results showed that amelogenin mRNA in secretory-stage EOE is 320-fold higher than in odontoblasts beneath secretory-stage enamel, and over 20,000-fold higher than in odontoblasts under maturation-stage enamel. Similar results were obtained for enamelin and sheathlin. Enamelysin mRNA levels were equivalent in these two tissues, while KLK4 mRNA was higher in odontoblasts than in secretory-stage EOE. These results support the conclusion that odontoblasts are involved in the formation of the enamel layer adjacent to enamel-dentin junction.

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