Development and Application of FEMA P-58 Compatible Story Loss Functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios N. Papadopoulos ◽  
Dimitrios Vamvatsikos ◽  
Athanasia K. Kazantzi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Loss Functions ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Component Approach ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Building Level

The quantification of seismic performance, using metrics meaningful to both engineers and stakeholders, has been a focal point of research in performance-based earthquake engineering. The prevalent paradigm is currently offered by the FEMA P-58 guidelines in the form of a component-by-component approach that provides detailed assessment capabilities at the cost of requiring a complete inventory of the structural, nonstructural, and content components. In an attempt for simplification, a fully compatible story-by-story approach is offered instead, where story loss functions are employed to directly relate monetary losses to engineering demand parameters given the story area. These functions can be adjusted for application to different situations, assuming the ratio of cost and quantity of each component category inventory remains relatively constant. As an example, they are generated for a standard inventory makeup, characteristic of low/mid-rise steel office buildings. They are shown to offer a favorable compromise of simplicity and accuracy that lies between the component-by-component and building-level approaches that are currently prevalent in building-specific and regional loss assessment, respectively.

A new approach to assessing reparability for seismic risk assessment of buildings

2020 ◽  
pp. 875529302094417
Author(s):  
Amir Safiey ◽  
Weichiang Pang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Residual Drift ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering

Advanced performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE), as documented by FEMA P-58 provisions, can well serve as the bedrock for a building-specific risk assessment framework. The methodology embraces three main sequential steps: collapse assessment, irreparability assessment, and component-wise loss estimation. The consequence of collapse or irreparability is typically assumed to be the total replacement value of the building. The irreparability model adopted by FEMA P-58 uses the residual drift of the building as the sole predictor. This article proposes a new irreparability prediction model tailored for the PBEE that is distinct because of two main features: (1) the monetary loss as a performance metric is chosen to inform the irreparability, enabling incorporation with the influence of different contributing factors, and (2) irreparability assessment is decoupled from the main body of the loss assessment and included as the post-loss analysis decision-making. Eventually, the proposed irreparability model called “post-loss analysis irreparability model (PLAIM)” is demonstrated through an illustrative example of a four-story wood light-frame building.

Probabilistic performance-based seismic assessment of an existing masonry building

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Giordano ◽  
Khalid M. Mosalam ◽  
Selim Günay
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Seismic Loss ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Observed Damage ◽  
Seismic Loss Assessment ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering

Existing unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings represent a significant part of the constructed facilities. Unfortunately, in case of seismic actions, their structural behavior is negatively affected by the low capacity of masonry components to withstand lateral forces. For this reason, in the past decades, URM buildings have been responsible for fatalities and large economic losses even in the case of moderate earthquakes. This article presents the seismic loss assessment of an old masonry building damaged during the 2014 South Napa earthquake using the framework of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center’s Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering. For this purpose, the performance is expressed in terms of expected monetary loss curves for different hazard scenarios. Structural and non-structural losses are considered in the analysis using a practical, yet accurate, structural idealization of the URM building, which is validated by the observed damage from the 2014 South Napa earthquake.

Demonstration of a Practical Method for Seismic Performance Assessment of Structural Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 811-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Y. Yang ◽  
Bozidar Stojadinovic ◽  
Jack Moehle
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Seismic Performance Assessment ◽  
Braced Frame ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering

Performance-based earthquake engineering aims to describe the seismic performance of a structure using metrics that are of immediate use to both engineers and stakeholders. A rigorous yet practical implementation of performance-based earthquake engineering methodology is used to compare the seismic performance of two steel, concentrically braced structural systems, an inverted-V-braced frame and a suspended zipper-braced frame. The principal difference between these two structural systems is the design approach used to transfer the unbalanced forces when the braces buckle. A probabilistic seismic performance comparison for a three-story office building located in Berkeley, California designed using these two structural systems is presented. The results indicate the suspended zipper-braced frame has lower expected repair cost under different levels of earthquake hazards and is 25% lighter than the corresponding capacity-designed inverted-V-braced frame.

Story loss functions for seismic design and assessment: Development of tools and application

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302110235
Author(s):  
Davit Shahnazaryan ◽  
Gerard J O’Reilly ◽  
Ricardo Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Loss Functions ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Damage States ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering

Performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) has become an important framework for quantifying seismic losses. However, due to its computationally expensive implementation through a typically detailed component-based approach (i.e. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) P-58), it has primarily been used within academic research and specific studies. A simplified alternative more desirable for practitioners is based on story loss functions (SLFs), which estimate a building’s expected monetary loss per story due to seismic demand. These simplified SLFs reduce the data required compared to a detailed study, which is especially true at a design stage, where detailed component information is likely yet to be defined. This article proposes a Python-based toolbox for the development of user-specific and customizable SLFs for use within seismic design and assessment of buildings. It outlines the implementation procedure alongside a comparative demonstration of its application where dependency and correlation of damage states between different components are considered. Finally, a comparison of SLF-based and component-based loss estimation approaches is carried out through the application to a real case study school building. The agreement and consistency of the attained loss metrics demonstrate the quality and ease of the SLF-based approach in achieving accurate results for a more expedite assessment of building performance.

scholarly journals Simplified seismic loss functions for suspended ceilings and drywall partitions

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh P. Dhakal ◽  
Atefeh Pourali ◽  
Sandip K. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Loss Function ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Loss Estimation ◽  
Loss Functions ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Expected Loss ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Seismic Loss ◽  
The Cost

Post-disaster reconnaissance reports frequently list non-structural components (NSCs) as a major source of financial loss in earthquakes. Moreover, minimizing their damage is also of vital significance to the uninterrupted functionality of a building. For efficient decision making, it is important to be able to estimate the cost and downtime associated with the repair of the damage likely to be caused at different hazard levels used in seismic design. Generalized loss functions for two important NSCs commonly used in New Zealand, namely suspended ceilings and drywall partitions are developed in this study. The methodology to develop the loss functions, in the form of engineering demand parameter vs. expected loss due to the considered components, is based on the existing framework for the storey level loss estimation. Nevertheless, exhaustive construction/field data are employed to make these loss functions more generic. In order to estimate financial losses resulting from the failure of suspended ceilings, generalized ceiling fragility functions are developed and combined with the cost functions, which give the loss associated with typical ceilings at various peak acceleration demands. Similarly, probabilities of different damage states in drywall partitions are combined with their associated repair/replacement costs to find the cumulative distribution of the expected loss due to partitions at various drift levels, which is then normalized in terms of the total building cost. Efficiencies of the developed loss functions are investigated through detailed loss assessment of case study reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. It is observed that the difference between the expected losses for ceilings, predicted by the developed generic loss function, and the losses obtained from the detailed loss estimation method is within 5%. Similarly, the developed generic loss function for partitions is able to estimate the partition losses within 2% of that from the detailed loss assessment. The results confirm the accuracy of the proposed generic seismic loss functions.

scholarly journals An approach to quantify the influence of ground motion uncertainty on elastoplastic system acceleration in incremental dynamic analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1744-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Deng ◽  
Shiling Pei ◽  
John W. van de Lindt ◽  
Hongyan Liu ◽  
Chao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Incremental Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
Single Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Single Degree ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering

Inclusion of ground motion–induced uncertainty in structural response evaluation is an essential component for performance-based earthquake engineering. In current practice, ground motion uncertainty is often represented in performance-based earthquake engineering analysis empirically through the use of one or more ground motion suites. How to quantitatively characterize ground motion–induced structural response uncertainty propagation at different seismic hazard levels has not been thoroughly studied to date. In this study, a procedure to quantify the influence of ground motion uncertainty on elastoplastic single-degree-of-freedom acceleration responses in an incremental dynamic analysis is proposed. By modeling the shape of the incremental dynamic analysis curves, the formula to calculate uncertainty in maximum acceleration responses of linear systems and elastoplastic single-degree-of-freedom systems is constructed. This closed-form calculation provided a quantitative way to establish statistical equivalency for different ground motion suites with regard to acceleration response in these simple systems. This equivalence was validated through a numerical experiment, in which an equivalent ground motion suite for an existing ground motion suite was constructed and shown to yield statistically similar acceleration responses to that of the existing ground motion suite at all intensity levels.

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