Ground Motion Model for the Vertical-to-Horizontal (V/H) Ratios of PGA, PGV, and Response Spectra

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 951-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Bozorgnia ◽  
Kenneth W. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Ground Motion Model

We present a ground motion model (GMM) for the vertical-to-horizontal (V/H) ratios of peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and 5%-damped pseudo-acceleration response spectra at periods ranging from 0.01 s to 10 s. The V/H GMM includes formulations for the median V/H ratio and for the aleatory within-event, between-event, and total standard deviations. The V/H model is based on the GMMs we have developed for the vertical and “average” horizontal components of ground motion using a mathematical formation that accounts for the correlation between these two components. We validated the V/H model against the NGA-West2 empirical database. We consider our V/H model to be valid for worldwide shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions for moment magnitudes ranging from 3.3 to 8.5, depending on the style of faulting, and for fault rupture distances ranging from 0 km to 300 km. Our V/H model incorporates period-dependent effects of magnitude saturation, style of faulting, hypocentral depth, fault-rupture dip, geometric attenuation, regionally dependent anelastic attenuation and site response, hanging-wall geometry, and magnitude-dependent between-event and within-event aleatory variabilities. The V/H ratios predicted from the model show a strong dependence on spectral period and site response.

Vertical Ground Motion Model for PGA, PGV, and Linear Response Spectra Using the NGA-West2 Database

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 979-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Bozorgnia ◽  
Kenneth W. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
Acceleration Response ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Ground Motion Model ◽  
Crustal Earthquakes ◽  
Active Tectonic ◽  
Vertical Ground

We summarize the development of the NGA-West2 Bozorgnia-Campbell empirical ground motion model (GMM) for the vertical components of peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and 5%-damped elastic pseudo-absolute acceleration response spectra (PSA) at vertical periods ranging from 0.01 s to 10 s. In the development of the vertical GMM, similar to our 2014 horizontal GMM, we used the extensive PEER NGA-West2 worldwide database. We consider our new vertical GMM to be valid for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions for magnitudes ranging from 3.3 to 7.5–8.5, depending on the style of faulting, and for distances as far as 300 km from the fault.

A Far-Field Ground-Motion Model for the North Australian Craton from Plate-Margin Earthquakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor I. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Depth Dependence ◽  
Ground Motion Model ◽  
Plate Margin ◽  
Short Period

ABSTRACT The Australian territory is just over 400 km from an active convergent plate margin with the collision of the Sunda–Banda Arc with the Precambrian and Palaeozoic Australian continental crust. Seismic energy from earthquakes in the northern Australian plate-margin region are channeled efficiently through the low-attenuation North Australian craton (NAC), with moderate-sized (Mw≥5.0) earthquakes in the Banda Sea commonly felt in northern Australia. A far-field ground-motion model (GMM) has been developed for use in seismic hazard studies for sites located within the NAC. The model is applicable for hypocentral distances of approximately 500–1500 km and magnitudes up to Mw 8.0. The GMM provides coefficients for peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and 5%-damped pseudospectral acceleration at 20 oscillator periods from 0.1 to 10 s. A strong hypocentral depth dependence is observed in empirical data, with earthquakes occurring at depths of 100–200 km demonstrating larger amplitudes for short-period ground motions than events with shallower hypocenters. The depth dependence of ground motion diminishes with longer spectral periods, suggesting that the relatively larger ground motions for deeper earthquake hypocenters may be due to more compact ruptures producing higher stress drops at depth. Compared with the mean Next Generation Attenuation-East GMM developed for the central and eastern United States (which is applicable for a similar distance range), the NAC GMM demonstrates significantly higher short-period ground motion for Banda Sea events, transitioning to lower relative accelerations for longer period ground motions.

scholarly journals Ground-motion relations for eastern North America

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail M. Atkinson ◽  
David M. Boore
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Ground Motion Model ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Validation Of Results

Abstract Predictive relations are developed for ground motions from eastern North American earthquakes of 4.0 ≦ M ≦ 7.25 at distances of 10 ≦ R ≦ 500 km. The predicted parameters are response spectra at frequencies of 0.5 to 20 Hz, and peak ground acceleration and velocity. The predictions are derived from an empirically based stochastic ground-motion model. The relations differ from previous work in the improved empirical definition of input parameters and empirical validation of results. The relations are in demonstrable agreement with ground motions from earthquakes of M 4 to 5. There are insufficient data to adequately judge the relations at larger magnitudes, although they are consistent with data from the Saguenay (M 5.8) and Nahanni (M 6.8) earthquakes. The underlying model parameters are constrained by empirical data for events as large as M 6.8.

scholarly journals Preliminary results of ground-motion characteristics

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bozzoni ◽  
Carlo Giovanni Lai ◽  
Laura Scandella
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Emilia Earthquake ◽  
Particle Orbit ◽  
2012 Emilia Earthquake

The preliminary results are presented herein for the engineering applications of the characteristics of the ground motion induced by the May 20, 2012, Emilia earthquake. Shake maps are computed to provide estimates of the spatial distribution of the induced ground motion. The signals recorded at the Mirandola (MRN) station, the closest to the epicenter, have been processed to obtain acceleration, velocity and displacement response spectra. Ground-motion parameters from the MRN recordings are compared with the corresponding estimates from recent ground-motion prediction equations, and with the spectra prescribed by the current Italian Building Code for different return periods. The records from the MRN station are used to plot the particle orbit (hodogram) described by the waveform. The availability of results from geotechnical field tests that were performed at a few sites in the Municipality of Mirandola prior to this earthquake of May 2012 has allowed preliminary assessment of the ground response. The amplification effects at Mirandola are estimated using fully stochastic site-response analyses. The seismic input comprises seven actual records that are compatible with the Italian code-based spectrum that refers to a 475-year return period. The computed acceleration response spectrum and the associated dispersion are compared to the spectra calculated from the recordings of the MRN station. Good agreement is obtained for periods up to 1 s, especially for the peak ground acceleration. For the other periods, the spectral acceleration of the MRN recordings exceeds that of the computed spectra.<br />

NGA Ground Motion Model for the Geometric Mean Horizontal Component of PGA, PGV, PGD and 5% Damped Linear Elastic Response Spectra for Periods Ranging from 0.01 to 10 s

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Campbell ◽  
Yousef Bozorgnia
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Horizontal Component ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Ground Motion Model ◽  
Elastic Response Spectra

We present a new empirical ground motion model for PGA, PGV, PGD and 5% damped linear elastic response spectra for periods ranging from 0.01–10 s. The model was developed as part of the PEER Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) project. We used a subset of the PEER NGA database for which we excluded recordings and earthquakes that were believed to be inappropriate for estimating free-field ground motions from shallow earthquake mainshocks in active tectonic regimes. We developed relations for both the median and standard deviation of the geometric mean horizontal component of ground motion that we consider to be valid for magnitudes ranging from 4.0 up to 7.5–8.5 (depending on fault mechanism) and distances ranging from 0–200 km. The model explicitly includes the effects of magnitude saturation, magnitude-dependent attenuation, style of faulting, rupture depth, hanging-wall geometry, linear and nonlinear site response, 3-D basin response, and inter-event and intra-event variability. Soil nonlinearity causes the intra-event standard deviation to depend on the amplitude of PGA on reference rock rather than on magnitude, which leads to a decrease in aleatory uncertainty at high levels of ground shaking for sites located on soil.

A Ground-Motion Prediction Model for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes in Greece

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Boore ◽  
Jonathan P. Stewart ◽  
Andreas A. Skarlatoudis ◽  
Emel Seyhan ◽  
Basil Margaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Motion Prediction ◽  
Ground Motion Prediction ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Magnitude Scaling ◽  
Nonlinear Site Response

ABSTRACT Using a recently completed database of uniformly processed strong-motion data recorded in Greece, we derive a ground-motion prediction model (GMPM) for horizontal-component peak ground velocity, peak ground acceleration, and 5% damped pseudoacceleration response spectra, at 105 periods ranging from 0.01 to 10 s. The equations were developed by modifying a global GMPM, to account for more rapid attenuation and weaker magnitude scaling in the Greek ground motions than in the global GMPM. Our GMPM is calibrated using the Greek data for distances up to 300 km, magnitudes from 4.0 to 7.0, and time-averaged 30 m shear-wave velocities from 150 to 1200  m/s. The GMPM has important attributes for hazard applications including magnitude scaling that extends the range of applicability to M 8.0 and nonlinear site response. These features are possible because they are well constrained by data in the global GMPM from which our model is derived. An interesting feature of the Greek data, also observed previously in studies of mid-magnitude events (6.1–6.5) in Italy, is that they are substantially overpredicted by the global GMPM, which may be a repeatable regional feature, but may also be influenced by soil–structure interaction. This bias is an important source of epistemic uncertainty that should be considered in hazard analysis.

scholarly journals Characteristics of strong ground motion attenuation in the 2019 Mw 5.8 Changning earthquake, Sichuan, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Hu ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
J. B. Zhu ◽  
G. H. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Arias Intensity ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Motion Models ◽  
Ground Motion Attenuation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Strong Ground

AbstractA moderate magnitude earthquake with Mw 5.8 occurred on June 17, 2019, in Changning County, Sichuan Province, China, causing 13 deaths, 226 injuries, and serious engineering damage. This earthquake induced heavier damage than earthquakes of similar magnitude. To explain this phenomenon in terms of ground motion characteristics, based on 58 sets of strong ground motions in this earthquake, the peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), acceleration response spectra (Sa), duration, and Arias intensity are analyzed. The results show that the PGA, PGV, and Sa are larger than the predicted values from some global ground motion models. The between-event residuals reveal that the source effects on the intermediate-period and long-period ground motions are stronger than those on short-period ground motions. Comparison of Arias intensity attenuation with the global models indicates that the energy of ground motions of the Changning earthquake is larger than those of earthquakes with the same magnitude.

Simplified methods to estimate mean hazard due to updated ground motion model: Application to nuclear power plants in CEUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302110074
Author(s):  
Mohamed M Talaat ◽  
Andrew Seifried ◽  
Abhinav Anup ◽  
Gregory S Hardy ◽  
John M Richards
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Logic Tree ◽  
Ground Motion Model ◽  
Good Agreement

Two methods were developed to estimate updated mean seismic hazard for existing probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHAs) due to a change in the ground motion model (GMM). Both methods were used to estimate updated hazard at nuclear power plant (NPP) sites in the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS) for a change from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) 2013 GMM to the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)-East GMM. These methods present efficient tools to inform decisions on whether to perform a full PSHA revision or other detailed evaluations, especially when a large number of sites must be analyzed. A Simplified Hazard (SiHaz) method was developed to estimate mean hazard explicitly using a reduced PSHA logic tree that incorporates the updated GMM and potential changes in the site response model. An alternative scaling method was independently developed to be applied directly to current CEUS NPP hazard. Both methods were validated using updated PSHA results at several sites. Estimates at 46 NPP sites using both methods showed good agreement for mean annual frequencies of exceedance between 1E-4 and 1E-5/yr.

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