Seismic Reinforcement for Adobe Houses with Straps from Used Car Tires

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Charleson ◽  
Marcial Blondet
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Seismic Code ◽  
Single Room ◽  
Used Car ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Adobe House

After outlining introductory research on a proposed reinforcing system for adobe housing using straps cut from used car tires, the paper reports on full-scale tests. One dynamic and two static tests are described and results presented. The most significant outcome was that a single-room adobe house reinforced by tire straps successfully withstood the strong shaking that routinely collapses unreinforced adobe dwellings. The reinforced house strength, as measured during the shaking, exceeded the requirements of the Peruvian seismic code. This type of reinforced adobe can undergo large horizontal deformations without collapse. Design, construction, economic, and cultural issues are discussed prior to concluding that the proposed system can prevent collapse of adobe houses during damaging earthquakes.

scholarly journals Development of Crash Energy Management Designs for Existing Passenger Rail Vehicles

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloy Martinez ◽  
David Tyrell ◽  
Benjamin Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Lateral Buckling ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Used Car ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Prototype Design ◽  
Crush Zone

As part of the passenger equipment crashworthiness research, sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration and supported by the Volpe Center, passenger coach and cab cars have been tested in inline collision conditions. The purpose of these tests was to establish baseline levels of crashworthiness performance for the conventional equipment and demonstrate the minimum achievable levels of enhancement using performance based alternatives. The alternative strategy pursued is the application of the crash energy management design philosophy. The goal is to provide a survivable volume where no intrusion occurs so that passengers can safely ride out the collision or derailment. In addition, lateral buckling and override modes of deformation are prevented from occurring. This behavior is contrasted with that observed from both full scale tests recently conducted and historical accidents where both lateral buckling and/or override occurs for conventionally designed equipment. A prototype crash energy management coach car design has been developed and successfully tested in two full-scale tests. The design showed significant improvements over the conventional equipment similarly tested. The prototype design had to meet several key requirements including: it had to fit within the same operational volume of a conventional car, it had to be retrofitted onto a previously used car, and it had to be able to absorb a prescribed amount of energy within a maximum allowable crush distance. To achieve the last requirement, the shape of the force crush characteristic had to have tiered force plateaus over prescribed crush distances to allow for crush to be passed back from one crush zone to another. The distribution of crush along the consist length allows for significantly higher controlled energy absorption which results in higher safe closing speeds.

Investigation of planing craft maneuverability using full-scale tests

2021 ◽  
pp. 147509022110303
Author(s):  
Kazem Sadati ◽  
Hamid Zeraatgar ◽  
Aliasghar Moghaddas
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Planing Craft ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Turning Maneuver

Maneuverability of planing craft is a complicated hydrodynamic subject that needs more studies to comprehend its characteristics. Planing craft drivers follow a common practice for maneuver of the craft that is fundamentally different from ship’s standards. In situ full-scale tests are normally necessary to understand the maneuverability characteristics of planing craft. In this paper, a study has been conducted to illustrate maneuverability characteristics of planing craft by full-scale tests. Accelerating and turning maneuver tests are conducted on two cases at different forward speeds and rudder angles. In each test, dynamic trim, trajectory, speed, roll of the craft are recorded. The tests are performed in planing mode, semi-planing mode, and transition between planing mode to semi-planing mode to study the effects of the craft forward speed and consequently running attitude on the maneuverability. Analysis of the data reveals that the Steady Turning Diameter (STD) of the planing craft may be as large as 40 L, while it rarely goes beyond 5 L for ships. Results also show that a turning maneuver starting at planing mode might end in semi-planing mode. This transition can remarkably improve the performance characteristics of the planing craft’s maneuverability. Therefore, an alternative practice is proposed instead of the classic turning maneuver. In this practice, the craft traveling in the planing mode is transitioned to the semi-planing mode by forward speed reduction first, and then the turning maneuver is executed.

Full-scale tests of the trash racks of the Kapchagai hydroelectric station

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
A. L. Rakhmanova ◽  
I. O. Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Hydroelectric Station ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Full Scale Tests

THE RULE OF COMBINING A PRIORI AND EXPERIMENTAL INFORMATION IN THE TASKS OF MANAGING TESTS OF COMPLEX TECHNICAL PRODUCTS ACCORDING TO THE BERNOULLI SCHEME

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Buryak ◽  
A. A. Skrynnikov
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Testing Complex ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Technical Products

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the procedure for testing complex technical systems to assess the probability of performing the task, taking into account a priori data obtained from the results of modeling, field tests of components and prototypes, operation of analogues, etc. The conditions for the formation of a combined sample consisting of field experiments and experiments counted on the results of modeling are justified. Data uniformity is checked using the Student's criterion. The minimum volume of full-scale tests is determined by the requirement of equality of the amount of Fischer information about the estimated parameter obtained during full-scale tests and at the expense of a priori data A strategy for conducting field experiments is proposed, in which the required quality of evaluating the probability of completing the task is achieved with the minimum possible number of field experiments. At the first stage, a series of experiments with a volume equal to half of the required sample size is performed. At the second stage, the experiments are conducted sequentially with an assessment after each experiment of the requirements for the amount of information about the evaluated parameter and for the uniformity of data. Experiments are terminated when the specified requirements are met, and then a combined sample is formed, which is used to evaluate the probability of the system performing the task. A model example is considered. The estimation of the gain in the number of experiments performed at different probability values was carried out.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document