Comparing Empirical and Analytical Estimates of Earthquake Loss Assessment Studies for the City of Dehradun, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik H. Lang ◽  
Yogendra Singh ◽  
J. S. R. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Building Vulnerability ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Capacity Spectrum ◽  
The City

Very few earthquake risk studies exist for cities on the Indian subcontinent. The few studies that do exist typically focus on intensity as the parameter to describe the expected ground motion during an earthquake and on damage observations to represent building vulnerability. In contrast to these empirical studies, analytical loss computations, which are based on capacity spectrum methods (CSM), have recently become popular and are gaining wide acceptance. Analytical damage and loss computations have been conducted for the test bed Dehradun, a city of 500,000 inhabitants in the foothills of the Himalayas (northern India), and then compared with loss estimates from empirical studies recently performed for the city. The study illustrates the problems associated with trying to generate intensity-compatible ground motion estimates and comparing the damage and loss estimates of both approaches.

Incorporating Simulated Ground Motion in Seismic Risk Assessment: Application to the Lower Indian Himalayas

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde B. Sørensen ◽  
Dominik H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Ground Motion Simulations ◽  
Finite Fault ◽  
Indian Himalayas

In this study, the effects of implementing stochastic finite fault ground motion simulations in earthquake hazard and risk assessment are evaluated. The investigations are conducted for the city of Dehradun (Indian Himalayas). We compare two ground motion estimation techniques: a ground motion prediction equation–based technique and a simulation-based technique. The comparison focuses on the differences the techniques imply on earthquake damage and loss estimates. Ground motion simulations are first calibrated against the instrumental recordings of the 1991 Mw 6.8 Uttarkashi earthquake. Afterward, a number of events are considered with different magnitude, distance, and azimuth to the source. Results indicate large differences between ground motion and loss estimates derived by the two methods, especially in the direction of rupture propagation, which persist to 2–2.5 fault lengths distance. It is therefore strongly recommended to consider rupture kinematics and orientation to the test bed when providing ground motion estimates for near-field earthquake loss assessment studies.

Constraining Source Properties of the 1894 Istanbul Earthquake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrin Yenihayat ◽  
Eser Çakti ◽  
Karin Şeşetyan
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Motion Modeling ◽  
Rupture Length ◽  
Earthquake Source Parameters ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
The City

<p>The Marmara region is one of the most active tectonic regions with its high population and rapid but irregularly growing cities in Turkey. Located in this active zone, Istanbul has always been under the danger of being hit by destructive earthquakes, which in the past have caused serious damage in the city more than once. Major earthquakes to affect Istanbul during the Ottoman period took place in 1509, 1766 and 1894. As the latest one, we have relatively rich knowledge about the 10 July 1894 earthquake. The 1894 earthquake resulted in 474 losses of life and 482 injuries.  Around 21,000 dwellings were damaged, which is a number that corresponds to 1/7 of the total dwellings of the city at that time. Without any doubt the exact loss of life was higher. Because of the censorship the exact loss numbers remained unknown. Researchers have been split in opinion about the intensity, epicenter, magnitude, and rupture length of this event. The main target of this study is to have a better insight on the possible location of the 1894 earthquake with the help of damage analysis and ground motion modeling. Ottoman Empire archive records, scientific reports and papers, newspapers, government correspondence, letters, notes of voyagers and diaries are the major sources to make an evaluation on the type and extent of damage. An intensity map associated with the 1894 earthquake is prepared based on macro-seismic information, and damage analysis and classification. Various information types contained in the old city maps, municipal boundaries, and the population information have contributed to this assessment. Obtained damage information is presented, evaluated and interpreted.  For earthquake modelling the ELER (Earthquake Loss Assessment Routine) software is used. Using the ground motion module of ELER, several scenarios are modeled having different source, path, and site parameters. The resulting ground motion distributions are compared with the damage and intensity maps to provide a first-order assessment of the earthquake source parameters of the 1894 earthquake.</p>

Distribution of ground-motion intensity inferred from questionnaire survey, earthquake recordings, and microtremor measurements—A case study in Christchurch, New Zealand, during the 1994 arthurs pass earthquake

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-369
Author(s):  
Takumi Toshinawa ◽  
J. John Taber ◽  
John B. Berrill
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Amplification Factors ◽  
Areal Distribution ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
The City ◽  
Microtremor Measurements

Abstract The areal distribution of seismic ground-motion intensity in the city of Christchurch, New Zealand, during the 1994 Arthurs Pass Earthquake (ML 6.6) was evaluated using an intensity questionnaire together with local site amplifications inferred from seismic recordings and microtremors. In order to estimate the intensity in parts of the city where no intensity data were available, intensity data were compared to relative levels of shaking determined from both weak-motion and microtremor recordings. Weak ground-motion amplification factors were determined using ratios of ground accelerations at five sediment sites with respect to a rock site. Microtremor amplification factors were determined from horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios at a 1-km spacing throughout the city. A positive correlation between weak-motion and microtremor amplification factors allowed extrapolation of microtremor amplification to estimated MM intensity (EMMI). EMMI ranged from 3 to 6 and was consistent with the questionnaire intensity and geological conditions and showed detailed information on the areal distribution of ground-motion intensity in the city.

Strong Ground-Motion Measurements during the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 165-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Zaré ◽  
Hossein Hamzehloo
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Local Time ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Bam Earthquake ◽  
Lateral Strike Slip ◽  
Slip Mechanism ◽  
Motion Measurements ◽  
The City ◽  
Strong Ground

The Bam earthquake of 26 December 2003 ( Mw 6.5) occurred at 01:56:56 (GMT, 05:26:56 local time) near the city of Bam in the southeast of Iran. Two strong phases of energy are seen on the accelerograms. The first comprises a starting subevent with right-lateral strike-slip mechanism located south of Bam. The mechanism of the second subevent was a reverse mechanism.

scholarly journals DESING SPECTRUMS FOR THE CENTRAL NORTH OF QUI-TO AND SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF STEEL STRUCTURES USING THE CAPACITY SPECTRUM METHOD.

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Rodrigo Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Capacity Spectrum Method ◽  
North Central ◽  
Seismic Microzoning ◽  
Spectrum Method ◽  
Performance Point ◽  
Capacity Spectrum ◽  
Elastic Response Spectra ◽  
The City

The city of Quito lies on geological faults that have no surface outcrop but are moving with a speed of 2-4 mm per year. The last strong earthquake associated with these thrust faults, was rec-orded in 1587 and had a magnitude of 6.4; so it has been more than 400 years, there is a large amount of stored energy, and the probability of an earthquake occurring is very high. Therefore, this article presents, firstly, the periods of recurrence of these faults; then a microzoning of the north central part of the city and the elastic response spectra for 5% damped associated to the Llumbisi- La Bota segment fault, ILB. And subsequently, an analysis of nine steel structures from one to nine storeys assuming that they are situated in the following three areas of north central Quito: the old Quito Tenis; La Gasca and Benalcazar High School. Using the Capacity Spectrum Method MEC, the seismic response is found with the presence of three spectrums as prescribed in the Ecuadorian Construction Regula-tions NEC-11; the recommendation in the study of the seismic microzoning of Quito ERN-12 and those found in the seismic microzoning associated with the fault ILB. Three types of responses are indicated for each location, the structures situated in the old Quito Tenis present a performance point found using the Capacity Spectrum Method MEC; for those in La Gasca, a maximum lateral displacement is indicated in each storey; and the structures situated in the Benalcazar High School present maximum interstorey drifts. It should be highlighted that the lateral displacements and interstorey drifts are reaching the end of their performance, thus the conclusions to be found in this study about which spectrum the maximum response has could be inferred from any of the three structural parameters.

scholarly journals Institutional Religion and Religious Experience

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Lidia Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Luis de León ◽  
Luzio Uriarte ◽  
Iziar Basterretxea
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
God Image ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Experience Of God ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City ◽  
Depth Interviews

A number of empirical studies have shown the continuous lack of adherence and the growing autonomy of the population regarding religious institutions. This article reflects on the kind of relationship between deinstitutionalisation and religious experience based on the following hypothesis: the evident decline in religious institutions does not necessarily lead to the disappearance or the weakening of religious experience; rather, it runs simultaneously with a process of individualisation. Our aim is to provide empirical evidence of such transformations; therefore, we do not get involved in speculations, but take into account the contributions of scholars concerning three key terms integrated in the conceptual framework of “religious experience’’: “experience of God”, “God image”, and “institutional belonging”. We analysed 39 in-depth interviews with a qualitative approach; interviews were conducted during the years 2016–2018 amongst Evangelical and Catholic populations in three Latin American cities (Córdoba, Montevideo, and Lima) and in the city of Bilbao (Spain). These interviews clearly indicate a growing autonomy from the religious institution, while evidencing a rich range of experiences of God and a great diversity of God representations. In both cases, they point to processes of individualisation of believers who elaborate their own religious experience in a personal and complex way.

scholarly journals Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Mapping By Modeling of Land Layer and Site Effect Zone in The Kota Baru of South Lampung

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandi Haerudin ◽  
Rustadi Rustadi ◽  
Helmy Fitriawan ◽  
Deassy Siska ◽  
Muchammad Farid
Keyword(s):  
Site Effect ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Sediment Thickness ◽  
Layer Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Kota Baru is the satellite city of Bandar Lampung. The city is prepared for the expansion of the city of Bandar Lampung. Zonation map of earthquake risk is required for Kota Baru due to its location within the reach of earthquake energy of Semangko subduction fault. In this study, we model the earthquake-prone zone map based on the soil characteristics (site effect) combined with the underground layer model to get a detailed description of the horizontal and vertical soil character. The microtremor method is performed to obtain the zonation effect mapping. Whereas, the ground layer modeling is obtained using the geoelectrical method. The modeling results show that the study area is far from tectonic activity based on the history of past earthquake events. However, this area has a large sediment thickness and has a low dominant frequency value, so it is an area that is vulnerable to earthquakes

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