A Survey of Damages to Bridges in Pakistan after the Major Earthquake of 8 October 2005

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed M. Ali ◽  
Akhtar N. Khan ◽  
Shahzad Rahman ◽  
Andrei M. Reinhorn
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Major Earthquake ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Existing Bridges ◽  
The City ◽  
Extensive Damage

An earthquake measuring Mw 7.6 struck the Pakistan-administered part of Kashmir on 8 October 2005. The epicenter of the earthquake was located 22 km from the city of Muzaffarabad. The earthquake resulted in the loss of more than 80,000 lives and caused extensive damage to property and infrastructure. A survey of an approximately 400-km road network was carried out, in which 90 bridges were inspected for earthquake-associated damage, out of which 14 bridges (16%) experienced damage of varying degrees, of which nine bridges (10%) either failed or became nonfunctional. The survey revealed some of the deficiencies of the construction practices in Pakistan and also highlighted the need for improvement to the country's current bridge design practices. This paper reports the prominent types of failures observed and discusses the deficiencies in current design practices. Based on the findings of the survey, various recommendations are made, with the objective of minimizing earthquake-associated damages to new and existing bridges in areas with a high seismic risk.

Landslide problems in Winnipeg

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baracos ◽  
J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
River Flooding ◽  
Stability Analyses ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Plastic Clays ◽  
The City

Winnipeg is built on lacustrine, swelling, plastic clays, and is intersected by two major rivers, and other smaller rivers. The riverbanks are used for commercial, residential, and public utility purposes, and many are unstable. This paper reviews the conditions of topography, river flooding, and soil properties which have produced sliding in the riverbanks. The framework of legislation which governs riverbank development is reviewed, and procedures for stability analyses are outlined. The paper concludes by discussing current design practices, and their application to stabilising measures for common practical problems in the city.

Impact of the urban construction solutions on the safety population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
R. D. Oktyabrskiy
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Safety Population ◽  
Peace And War ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the justification of the need to reduce the population density in the residential development of cities. The analysis of vulnerability of the urban population from threats of emergency situations of peace and war time, and also an assessment of provision of the city by a road network is given. Proposals have been formulated to reduce the vulnerability of the urban population in the long term and to eliminate traffic congestion and congestion — jams.

THE DEVELOPMENT AND SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE PROGRAM OF MEASURES ON IMPROVEMENT OF ORGANIZATION OF TRANSPORT SERVICE OF THE POPULATION IN THE METROPOLIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (26) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
D. A. Smirnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Network ◽  
System Development ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The City

The article reveals the content of measures to improve the organization of transport services in the metropolis. The key directions of the city transport system development are considered. The analysis of the offered offers is carried out. Keywords: metropolis, transport development, public transport, street and road network.

scholarly journals Estimating Demand for a New Travel Mode in Boise, Idaho

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1209
Author(s):  
Mandar Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
State University ◽  
University Campus ◽  
City Center ◽  
Road Congestion ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Mode ◽  
The City

The 20,000-student Boise State University campus is located about 3 km from the center of the city of Boise. There is a significant amount of travel between the campus and the city center as students and staff travel to the city to visit restaurants, shops, and entertainment centers. Currently, people make this trip by car, shuttle bus, bike, or walking modes. Cars and shuttle buses, which share the same road network, constitute about 76% of the total trips. As road congestion is expected to grow in the future, it is prudent to look for other modes that can fulfill the travel demand. One potential mode is an aerial tramway. However, an aerial tramway is not a common mode of urban travel in the US. This research describes how the stated preference method was used to estimate demand for a mode that does not currently exist. An online stated preference survey was sent out to 8681 students, faculty, and staff and 1821 valid responses were received. Only about 35% of the respondents expressed their willingness to choose an aerial tramway for various combinations of cost and convenience of the new mode. Respondents were also found to favor convenience over cost for the new mode.

Forest path condition monitoring based on crowd-based trajectory data analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Francisco Arcas-Tunez ◽  
Fernando Terroso-Saenz
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Country Road ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Path Condition ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The City

The development of Road Information Acquisition Systems (RIASs) based on the Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) paradigm has been widely studied for the last years. In that sense, most of the existing MCS-based RIASs focus on urban road networks and assume a car-based scenario. However, there exist a scarcity of approaches that pay attention to rural and country road networks. In that sense, forest paths are used for a wide range of recreational and sport activities by many different people and they can be also affected by different problems or obstacles blocking them. As a result, this work introduces SAMARITAN, a framework for rural-road network monitoring based on MCS. SAMARITAN analyzes the spatio-temporal trajectories from cyclists extracted from the fitness application Strava so as to uncover potential obstacles in a target road network. The framework has been evaluated in a real-world network of forest paths in the city of Cieza (Spain) showing quite promising results.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF THE CITY TRANSPORT SYSTEM BY MEANS OF SIMULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina A. Buyvol ◽  
Gulnara A. Yakupova ◽  
Irina V. Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Network ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Computer Experiment ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The City

The transport system plays an important role in human activities and is an integral part of the successful functioning of the urbanized area. The increasing degree of provision of urban residents with transport services should at the same time keep the environment environmentally friendly and sustainable over time. The article is devoted to the issues of ensuring the rational functioning of the city transport system based on the development and implementation of an intelligent road infrastructure management system, the intellectual core of which are simulation models of problem areas of the road network. The objective of the study is the development of tools for organizing traffic in the conditions of the rapid growth of the fleet of vehicles. Research tasks were to analyze the research in the field of traffic management, to consider methods to reduce and prevent traffic jams on roads in general and in individual sections in particular. The following research methods were used: methods of system analysis, methods of modeling traffic flows, simulation, computer experiment. Achievements: the developed simulation model can be used to conduct a computer experiment in order to select the optimal parameters for the functioning of traffic lights on a specific section of the road network of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny

scholarly journals ASSESSING OPENSTREETMAP URBAN NETWORK OF ORAN CITY

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W8 ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
B. Meguenni ◽  
M. A. Hafid
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Spatial Accuracy ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Spatial Quality ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> OpenStreetMap (OSM) uses the Open Database License, it is a collaborative project that collects a rich set of vector data provided by volunteers. It is a global collection of mapping data that can be used for a wide variety of purposes. Many third-party online maps are based on OpenStreetMap data. Currently, more and more large organizations are choosing OSM for their maps.</p> <p>In addition, the analysis of the spatial quality of the OSM data shows that particular care must be taken. However, there are several methods for assessing the quality of the OSM data by comparing the OSM to an authoritative dataset. In this context, it is essential to develop an automatic procedure to improve its spatial quality.</p> <p>This work proposes a quantitative method for comparing the quality of the OSM and an authoritative data set on urban networks in the city of Oran (Algeria). The procedure is based on python modules in a GIS environment and provides measurements of the spatial accuracy and completeness of the OSM road network. The method is applied to assess the quality of the Oran OSM road network data set through a comparison with the official Algerian dataset. The results show that the OSM's Algerian road network is very complete, but with low spatial accuracy.</p>

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE SEISMIC RESISTANCE DEFICIT OF BRICK MASONRY CHIMNEY ACCORDING TO RELEVANT DESIGN CODES

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Z. K. Abaev ◽  
M. Yu. Kodzaev ◽  
A. D. Valiev
Keyword(s):  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Earthquake Resistance ◽  
Seismic Resistance ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Sustainable Operation ◽  
Current Design ◽  
The City

Most of the brick masonry chimneys located in earthquake-prone areas were built long before the current design codes were adopted, which poses a great threat to the sustainable operation and development of the city industry as a whole. This article presents a consistent example of assessing the deficit of earthquake resistance of a brick masonry chimney and gives general conclusions about changes in main coefficients of designed codes. This study aims to quantify the deficit of earthquake resistance of brick masonry chimney according to the relevant Building Codes “SP 14.13330.2018 Construction in seismic areas”.

scholarly journals Re-engaging the spirit: engaging traditional Anishinabek healing beliefs into an architecture for addiction wellbeing centres

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison Dozzi-Perry
Keyword(s):  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spiritual Awareness ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Western Perspective

Current design practices for addiction treatment facilities reflect that of the western perspective on health, providing sterile, monolithic and cold environments. The quest for cleanliness, static and conditioned spaces robs the user of the richness of an engaging experience, isolating them into a sealed box. We further numb and anesthetize patients, disembodying them from the world and hindering their abilities to achieve physical, mental, emotional and spiritual awareness. This disengagement of the natural, human and spiritual realms proliferates the problems facing people with addiction. This thesis proposes an engagement of Anishinabek healing and wellbeing principles to inform the design of addiction healing spaces that stimulate the users, re-engages and enhances one’s awareness and understanding of one’s self, other beings and place in the world. By incorporating these principles into design, architecture can begin to re-engage the mind, the body, the heart and the soul of people suffering from addiction wellbeing issues.

scholarly journals Seismic Risk Assessment of Chania, Greece, Using an Integrated Computational Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11249
Author(s):  
Ioannis Koutsoupakis ◽  
Yiannis Tsompanakis ◽  
Pantelis Soupios ◽  
Panagiotis Kirmizakis ◽  
SanLinn Kaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Surface Shear ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Ground Motion Scenarios ◽  
The City

This study develops a comprehensive seismic risk model for the city of Chania, in Greece, which is located ina highly seismic-prone region due to the occurrenceof moderate to large earthquakes because of the nearby major subduction zone between African and Eurasian tectonic plates. The main aim is to reduce the seismic risk for the study area by incorporating the spatial distribution of the near-surface shear wave velocity model and the soil classification, along with all possible seismic sources, taking into account historical events. The study incorporates and correlates various ground motion scenarios and geological fault zones as well as information on existing buildings to develop a seismic risk model using QuakeIST software, and then the seismic hazard and a realistic prediction of resulting future adverse effects are assessed. The developed model can assist the municipal authorities of Chania to be prepared for potential seismic events, as well as city planners and decisionmakers, who can use the model as an effective decision-making tool to identify the seismic vulnerability of the city buildings and infrastructure. Thus, this study enables the implementation of an appropriate and viable earthquake-related hazards strategy to mitigate damage and losses in future earthquakes.

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