Architectural Glass Panels with Rounded Corners to Mitigate Earthquake Damage

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. Memari ◽  
Paul A. Kremer ◽  
Richard A. Behr
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Earthquake Damage ◽  
Glass Panel ◽  
Corner Radius ◽  
Edge Surface ◽  
Glass Panels ◽  
Glass Edge

The concept of employing architectural glass panels with modified corner geometries and edge finish conditions to improve their resistance to earthquake damage has been developed recently. To accomplish this, material is removed at glass panel corners (e.g., by rounding the glass corners) and glass edges are finished in the modified corner regions to minimize protrusions and edge surface roughness. The concept is applicable to a wide variety of architectural glass types and glazing frame types. Full-scale dynamic racking tests have shown that corner radius and glass edge finish conditions near the reshaped corner regions have significant influences on glass cracking and glass fallout drift resistances of monolithic architectural glass panels used in curtain walls.

Development of High-Efficiency and Crack-Free Grinding Process for Chamfering of LCD Glass Edge

2013 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.B. Tian ◽  
H. Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Crystal Displays ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Glass Panel ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Grinding Conditions ◽  
Glass Panels ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Glass Edge

Glass panels are one of core components in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Grinding is an essential edge chamfering process in the preparation of LCD glass panel. With the size of glass panel increasing, both high productivity and high quality are required in the edge chamfering process. However, surface and subsurface defects are usually introduced to the chamfered glass edge under high-efficiency grinding conditions. In this work, we explored to develop crack-free grinding process while maintaining high chamfering efficiency with two designed diamond wheels for the chamfering of LCD glass edges. The grinding performance was compared and analyzed in terms of surface roughness and morphology. Normal and tangential grinding forces were measured to characterize the material removal characteristics. It was found that crack-free grinding/chamfering of LCD glass edge was achieved under high-efficiency grinding conditions i.e. wheel speed of 52.3 m/s, feed rate of 10 m/min, depth of cut of 50 μm. The developed grinding process is potential to reduce subsequent polishing time and cost or even replace subsequent polishing process for the preparation of LCD glass edge.

Surface Roughness Analysis for Radius End Mill in Cross Feed Direction Both Contour and Scanning Line Machinings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohisa Narita
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Contour Line ◽  
End Mill ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Corner Radius ◽  
Feed Direction ◽  
Scanning Line ◽  
Influence Degree

Abstract An optimum experimental condition, which realize good surface roughness in cross direction both contour and scanning lines, for radius end mill against some inclined surfaces is obtained and some features is these cutting processes is discussed in this paper. The optimum experimental condition, which consists of cutting type (or feed direction), spindle speed, feed rate, depth of immersion, inclination angle, corner radius of end mill and cross feed, is obtained and the influence degree of these parameters is calculated by using Taguchi method. The experiment is carried out based on L18 orthogonal array. Based on the influence degree and geometric contact status due to unique shape of radius end mill, some feature of radius end milling is introduced. As a result of the contour line machining, a scallop height is very influenced by the inclination angle and the corner radius, and surface machined by bottom edge must not be remained. Regarding the scanning line machining, “go-up” is good for the feed direction. Big corner radius is also suitable because side edge does not contact to workpiece. In other words, the cutting force in radial direction becomes small. Furthermore, the surface roughness of the scanning line machining is smaller than the one of the contour line machining.

scholarly journals Numerical Evaluation of Slender Glass Panel with Complex Geometry Subjected to Static Load and Soft-body Impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Static Load ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Glass Panel ◽  
Soft Body ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Glass Panels ◽  
Current Standards

Current standards and glass codes of design practice require that glazing used in architectural applications has to be resistant to, in addition to typical loads, also accidental events, in particular human impact, without showing damage that is disproportionate to the original cause. A case study was performed of an indoor glass lantern in a public building made from slender two-side supported glass panels with a complex geometry (36 ventilation holes). The paper provides structural assessments and results of in-situ experiments including static loading and soft body impact. Results from numerical simulations of impact loading on the glass panels complementing the experimental results are also presented.

scholarly journals Cutting Mechanics and Surface Finish for Turning with Differently Shaped CBN Tools

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-357
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Żak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Material Distribution ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Turning Operations ◽  
Cutting Power ◽  
Finish Turning ◽  
Corner Radius ◽  
Relevant Material

Abstract In this paper, the basic cutting characteristics such as cutting forces, cutting power and its distribution, specific cutting energies were determined taking into account variable tool corner radius ranging from 400 to 1200 µm and constant cutting parameters typical for hard turning of a hardened 41Cr4 alloy steel of 55±1 HRC hardness. Finish turning operations were performed using chamfered CBN tools. Moreover, selected roughness profiles produced for different tool corner radius were compared and appropriate surface roughness parameters were measured. The measured values of Ra and Rz roughness parameters are compared with their theoretical values and relevant material distribution curves and bearing parameters are presented.

scholarly journals Design and Experiment of a Novel Façade Cleaning Robot with a Biped Mechanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Nansai ◽  
Keichi Onodera ◽  
Prabakaran Veerajagadheswar ◽  
Mohan Rajesh Elara ◽  
Masami Iwase
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Interpolation ◽  
Area Coverage ◽  
Glass Panel ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Cleaning Robot ◽  
Glass Panels ◽  
Glass Facade ◽  
Cleaning Robots ◽  
Real Scenario ◽  
Glass Façade

Façade cleaning in high-rise buildings has always been considered a hazardous task when carried out by labor forces. Even though numerous studies have focused on the development of glass façade cleaning systems, the available technologies in this domain are limited and their performances are broadly affected by the frames that connect the glass panels. These frames generally act as a barrier for the glass façade cleaning robots to cross over from one glass panel to another, which leads to a performance degradation in terms of area coverage. We present a new class of façade cleaning robot with a biped mechanism that is able overcome these obstacles to maximize its area coverage. The developed robot uses active suction cups to adhere to glass walls and adopts mechanical linkage to navigate the glass surface to perform cleaning. This research addresses the design challenges in realizing the developed robot. Its control system consists of inverse kinematics, a fifth polynomial interpolation, and sequential control. Experiments were conducted in a real scenario, and the results indicate that the developed robot achieves significantly higher coverage performance by overcoming both negative and positive obstacles in a glass panel.

Flexural Creep Behavior of Full-Scale Laminated Glass Panels

2017 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 04017139
Author(s):  
Luís Valarinho ◽  
João R. Correia ◽  
Mário Garrido ◽  
Mário Sá ◽  
Fernando A. Branco
Keyword(s):  
Creep Behavior ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
Flexural Creep ◽  
Glass Panels

Micro-Cracks Removal on Edge Surface of Thin Glass Sheet Using Magnetorheological Finishing

2014 ◽  
Vol 1017 ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Sato ◽  
Chun Wai Kum ◽  
Seow Tong Ng
Keyword(s):  
Magnetorheological Fluid ◽  
Glass Sheet ◽  
Magnetorheological Finishing ◽  
Thin Glass ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Edge Surface ◽  
Edge Finishing ◽  
Glass Breakage ◽  
Glass Edge

Micro-cracks on the edge surface of thin glass edge sheet have been identified as a key factor of catastrophic glass breakage. Hence, their removal will strengthen the thin glass substantially. This paper studies the glass edge finishing using magnetorheological finishing (MRF). The thin glass sheet edge is finished by shear force exerted by magnetorheological fluid, which is magnetically held by a specially designed magnetic wheel tool. All micro-cracks can be removed from the edge surface and the surface roughness improves from Ra 0.5 μm to Ra 0.03 μm.

Wind effects on rough-walled and smooth-walled large cooling towers

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
XX Cheng ◽  
L Zhao ◽  
YJ Ge ◽  
R Dong ◽  
C Demartino
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Model Test ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Wind Effects

Adding vertical ribs is recognized as a useful practice for reducing wind effects on cooling towers. However, ribs are rarely used on cooling towers in China since Chinese Codes are insufficient to support the design of rough-walled cooling towers, and an “understanding” hampers the use of ribs, which thinks that increased surface roughness has limited effects on the maximum internal forces that control the structural design. To this end, wind tunnel model tests in both uniform flow field with negligible free-stream turbulence and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) turbulent flow field are carried out in this article to meticulously study and quantify the surface roughness effects on both static and dynamic wind loads for the purpose of improving Chinese Codes first. Subsequently, a further step is taken to obtain wind effects on a full-scale large cooling tower at a high Re, which are employed to validate the results obtained in the wind tunnel. Finally, the veracity of the model test results is discussed by investigating the Reynolds number (Re) effects on them. It has been proved that the model test results for atmospheric boundary layer flow field are all obtained in the range of Re-independence and the conclusions drawn from model tests and full-scale measurements basically agree, so most model test results presented in this article can be directly applied to the full-scale condition without corrections.

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