Streamlining Post-Earthquake Data Collection and Damage Assessment for the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake using VIEWS™ (Visualizing Impacts of Earthquakes with Satellites)

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverley J. Adams ◽  
Babak Mansouri ◽  
Charles K. Huyck
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Progress Monitoring ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Field Team ◽  
Before And After

Advanced technologies, such as remote sensing, have considerable potential for increasing the effectiveness of post-disaster reconnaissance. In the aftermath of the Bam earthquake, the EERI field team deployed the VIEWS™ (Visualizing Impacts of Earthquakes With Satellites) reconnaissance system to support urban damage assessment activities. This paper introduces the VIEWS™ system and describes its inaugural implementation for earthquake response. For the Bam deployment, VIEWS™ integrated city-wide base layers of 60 cm color QuickBird satellite imagery collected “before” and “after” the event, with a real-time GPS (Global Positioning System) feed. The satellite imagery helped direct team members to the hardest hit areas, and real-time tracking supported efficient route planning, progress monitoring, and the capture of geo-referenced digital photographs. Through the VIEWS™ visualization mode, researchers are able to replay and analyze the datasets that were collected. The VIEWS™ system was developed by ImageCat, Inc. in collaboration with the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER).

Use of Remote Sensing Technologies for Building Damage Assessment after the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake—Preface to Remote Sensing Papers

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald T. Eguchi ◽  
Babak Mansouri
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Earthquake Loss ◽  
Earthquake Damage Detection ◽  
Response Decisions ◽  
First Time

This preface introduces a series of papers that describe the use of remote sensing technologies in quantifying the extent of building damage after the 2003 Bam, Iran, earthquake. These papers represent a significant milestone in post-earthquake loss estimation. For the first time, independent evaluations of regional damage are documented, which will ultimately allow an assessment of the efficacy of these technologies as tools for post-earthquake damage detection and quantification. Not only were different sensors used, but radically different approaches were implemented in quantifying damage. The conclusions and recommendations of the different papers are generally consistent and strongly suggest that regional damage assessment using remotely sensed data is highly feasible. The papers, however, acknowledge that more research is needed before these technologies can be used to make critical emergency response decisions. Finally, the role of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute through its Learning From Earthquakes Program is acknowledged, largely for helping to promote the use of remote sensing technologies in earthquake studies and for recognizing the value of collaboration through its newly formed Subcommittee on Remote Sensing.

The Influence of Process Management: Uncovering the Impact of Real-Time Managerial Interventions via a Topic Modeling Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Joshua Gyory ◽  
Kenneth Kotovsky ◽  
Jonathan Cagan
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Topic Model ◽  
Design Team ◽  
Design Cognition ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Conceptual Engineering ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Computationally studying team discourse can provide valuable, real-time insights into the state of design teams and design cognition during problem-solving. The particular experimental design, adopted from previous work by the authors, places one of the design team conditions under the guidance of a human process manager. In that work, teams under this process management outperformed the unmanaged teams in terms of their design performance. This opens the opportunity to not only model design discourse during problem solving, but more critically, to explore process manager interventions and their impact on design cognition. Utilizing this experimental framework, a topic model is trained on the discourse of human designers of both managed and unmanaged teams collaboratively solving a conceptual engineering design task. Results show that the two team conditions significantly differ in a number of the extracted topics, and in particular, those topics that most pertain to the manager interventions. A dynamic look during the design process reveals that the largest differences between the managed and unmanaged teams occur during the latter half of problem-solving. Furthermore, a before and after analysis of the topic-motivated interventions reveals that the process manager interventions significantly shift the topic mixture of the team members’ discourse immediately after intervening. Taken together, these results from this work not only corroborate the effect of the process manager interventions on design team discourse and cognition but provide promise for the computational detection and facilitation of design interventions based on real-time, discourse data.

Delay Estimation for Reliability Interpretation of Real-Time Hybrid Simulation Involving Viscous Dampers Towards Seismic Hazard Mitigation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Richardson ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Jose Valdovinos ◽  
Wenshen Pong ◽  
Kai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hybrid Simulation ◽  
Viscous Dampers ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Seismic Hazard Mitigation

Laboratory experiments play a critical role in earthquake engineering research for seismic safety evaluation of civil engineering structures. Servo-hydraulic actuators play a vital role to maintain the compatibility on boundaries between the analytical and experimental substructures in a real-time hybrid simulation. Previous study has indicated that actuator delay could significantly affect the accuracy of real-time hybrid simulation involving viscous dampers. Identifying the amount of actuator delay therefore is critical for reliability assessment of experimental results to properly interpret the performance of viscous dampers for seismic hazard mitigation. In this study a frequency domain based approach is applied for real-time hybrid simulation of viscous dampers with the presence of actuator delay. Computational simulations are conducted to assess the accuracy of the approach for estimating the delay when the substructures develop nonlinear behavior for reliability interpretation of real-time hybrid simulation.

scholarly journals Influence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on serum microRNA expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 6109-6119
Author(s):  
M. Scettri ◽  
H. Seeba ◽  
D. L. Staudacher ◽  
S. Robinson ◽  
D. Stallmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Serum Microrna ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Medical Intensive Care

Objective To date, no biomarkers have been established to predict haematological complications and outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of a panel of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are promising biomarkers in many clinical fields, in patients before and after initiating ECMO. Methods Serum miRNA levels from 14 patients hospitalized for acute respiratory failure and supported with ECMO in our medical intensive care unit were analysed before and 24 hours after ECMO. In total, 179 serum-enriched miRNAs were profiled by using a real-time PCR panel. For validation, differentially expressed miRNAs were individually quantified with conventional real-time quantitative PCR at 0, 24, and 72 hours. Results Under ECMO support, platelet count significantly decreased by 65 × 103/µL (25th percentile = 154.3 × 103/µL; 75th percentile = 33 × 103/µL). Expression of the 179 miRNAs investigated in this study did not change significantly throughout the observational period. Conclusions According to our data, the expression of serum miRNAs was not altered by ECMO therapy itself. We conclude that ECMO does not limit the application of miRNAs as specific clinical biomarkers for the patients’ underlying disease.

scholarly journals Real-Time High-Level Acute Pain Detection Using a Smartphone and a Wrist-Worn Electrodermal Activity Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3956
Author(s):  
Youngsun Kong ◽  
Hugo F. Posada-Quintero ◽  
Ki H. Chon
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Pain Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electrical Pulses ◽  
Pain Detection ◽  
High Level

The subjectiveness of pain can lead to inaccurate prescribing of pain medication, which can exacerbate drug addiction and overdose. Given that pain is often experienced in patients’ homes, there is an urgent need for ambulatory devices that can quantify pain in real-time. We implemented three time- and frequency-domain electrodermal activity (EDA) indices in our smartphone application that collects EDA signals using a wrist-worn device. We then evaluated our computational algorithms using thermal grill data from ten subjects. The thermal grill delivered a level of pain that was calibrated for each subject to be 8 out of 10 on a visual analog scale (VAS). Furthermore, we simulated the real-time processing of the smartphone application using a dataset pre-collected from another group of fifteen subjects who underwent pain stimulation using electrical pulses, which elicited a VAS pain score level 7 out of 10. All EDA features showed significant difference between painless and pain segments, termed for the 5-s segments before and after each pain stimulus. Random forest showed the highest accuracy in detecting pain, 81.5%, with 78.9% sensitivity and 84.2% specificity with leave-one-subject-out cross-validation approach. Our results show the potential of a smartphone application to provide near real-time objective pain detection.

scholarly journals SURG-03. IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATIONS IN NEUROSURGICAL ONCOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii461-iii461
Author(s):  
Andrea Carai ◽  
Angela Mastronuzzi ◽  
Giovanna Stefania Colafati ◽  
Paul Voicu ◽  
Nicola Onorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Global Improvement ◽  
3D Rendering ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Tridimensional (3D) rendering of volumetric neuroimaging is increasingly been used to assist surgical management of brain tumors. New technologies allowing immersive virtual reality (VR) visualization of obtained models offer the opportunity to appreciate neuroanatomical details and spatial relationship between the tumor and normal neuroanatomical structures to a level never seen before. We present our preliminary experience with the Surgical Theatre, a commercially available 3D VR system, in 60 consecutive neurosurgical oncology cases. 3D models were developed from volumetric CT scans and MR standard and advanced sequences. The system allows the loading of 6 different layers at the same time, with the possibility to modulate opacity and threshold in real time. Use of the 3D VR was used during preoperative planning allowing a better definition of surgical strategy. A tailored craniotomy and brain dissection can be simulated in advanced and precisely performed in the OR, connecting the system to intraoperative neuronavigation. Smaller blood vessels are generally not included in the 3D rendering, however, real-time intraoperative threshold modulation of the 3D model assisted in their identification improving surgical confidence and safety during the procedure. VR was also used offline, both before and after surgery, in the setting of case discussion within the neurosurgical team and during MDT discussion. Finally, 3D VR was used during informed consent, improving communication with families and young patients. 3D VR allows to tailor surgical strategies to the single patient, contributing to procedural safety and efficacy and to the global improvement of neurosurgical oncology care.

scholarly journals Examining the contribution of near real-time data for rapid seismic loss assessment of structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 147592172199621
Author(s):  
Enrico Tubaldi ◽  
Ekin Ozer ◽  
John Douglas ◽  
Pierre Gehl
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Bridge Model ◽  
Seismic Damage Assessment

This study proposes a probabilistic framework for near real-time seismic damage assessment that exploits heterogeneous sources of information about the seismic input and the structural response to the earthquake. A Bayesian network is built to describe the relationship between the various random variables that play a role in the seismic damage assessment, ranging from those describing the seismic source (magnitude and location) to those describing the structural performance (drifts and accelerations) as well as relevant damage and loss measures. The a priori estimate of the damage, based on information about the seismic source, is updated by performing Bayesian inference using the information from multiple data sources such as free-field seismic stations, global positioning system receivers and structure-mounted accelerometers. A bridge model is considered to illustrate the application of the framework, and the uncertainty reduction stemming from sensor data is demonstrated by comparing prior and posterior statistical distributions. Two measures are used to quantify the added value of information from the observations, based on the concepts of pre-posterior variance and relative entropy reduction. The results shed light on the effectiveness of the various sources of information for the evaluation of the response, damage and losses of the considered bridge and on the benefit of data fusion from all considered sources.

Reducing Culture Reporting Errors in the Microbiology Laboratory

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S131-S132
Author(s):  
Kathryn Hogan ◽  
Beena Umar ◽  
Mohamed Alhamar ◽  
Kathleen Callahan ◽  
Linoj Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Tracking Errors ◽  
Corrective Measures ◽  
Safety Awareness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Set Up ◽  
System Errors

Abstract Objectives There are few papers that characterize types of errors in microbiology laboratories and scant research demonstrating the effects of interventions on microbiology lab errors. This study aims to categorize types of culture reporting errors found in microbiology labs and to document the error rates before and after interventions designed to reduce errors and improve overall laboratory quality. Methods To improve documentation of error incidence, a self-reporting system was changed to an automatic reporting system. Errors were categorized into five types Gram stain (misinterpretations), identification (incorrect analysis), set up labeling (incorrect patient labels), procedures (not followed), and miscellaneous. Error rates were tracked according to technologist, and technologists were given real-time feedback by a manager. Error rates were also monitored in the daily quality meeting and frequently detected errors were discussed at staff meetings. Technologists attended a year-end review with a manager to improve their performance. To maintain these changes, policies were developed to monitor technologist error rate and to define corrective measures. If a certain number of errors per month was reached, technologists were required to undergo retraining by a manager. If a technologist failed to correct any error according to protocol, they were also potentially subject to corrective measures. Results In 2013, we recorded 0.5 errors per 1,000 tests. By 2018, we recorded only 0.1 errors per 1,000 tests, an 80% decrease. The yearly culture volume from 2013 to 2018 increased by 32%, while the yearly error rate went from 0.05% per year to 0.01% per year, a statistically significant decrease (P = .0007). Conclusion This study supports the effectiveness of the changes implemented to decrease errors in culture reporting. By tracking errors in real time and using a standardized process that involved timely follow-up, technologists were educated on error prevention. This practice increased safety awareness in our micro lab.

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