scholarly journals Geotechnical Reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kayen ◽  
Eric Thompson ◽  
Diane Minasian ◽  
Robb E. S. Moss ◽  
Brian D. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Motion ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Rupture Directivity ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Alaska Range ◽  
Denali Fault ◽  
Pump Station ◽  
Portable Apparatus

The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake resulted in 340 km of ruptures along three separate faults, causing widespread liquefaction in the fluvial deposits of the alpine valleys of the Alaska Range and eastern lowlands of the Tanana River. Areas affected by liquefaction are largely confined to Holocene alluvial deposits, man-made embankments, and backfills. Liquefaction damage, sparse surrounding the fault rupture in the western region, was abundant and severe on the eastern rivers: the Robertson, Slana, Tok, Chisana, Nabesna and Tanana Rivers. Synthetic seismograms from a kinematic source model suggest that the eastern region of the rupture zone had elevated strong-motion levels due to rupture directivity, supporting observations of elevated geotechnical damage. We use augered soil samples and shear-wave velocity profiles made with a portable apparatus for the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) to characterize soil properties and stiffness at liquefaction sites and three trans-Alaska pipeline pump station accelerometer locations.

Strong-Motion Records of the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artak Martirosyan ◽  
Roger Hansen ◽  
Natalia Ratchkovski
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Denali Fault ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Field Recordings ◽  
Pump Station ◽  
Slip Event ◽  
Major Strike

The MW 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake on 3 November 2002 ruptured a 340-km section along the Susitna Glacier, Denali, and Totschunda faults in central Alaska. The earthquake was digitally recorded at more than 55 strong-motion sites throughout the state at distances up to 280 km from the fault rupture. The site closest to the fault, Trans-Alaska Pipeline Pump Station 10, is located about 3 km north of the surface rupture, where the observed maximum horizontal peak ground acceleration was about 0.35 g. The peak horizontal accelerations observed at the sites closest to the fault rupture were considerably smaller than those yielded by the ground-motion prediction equations. Although the earthquake provided a valuable set of strong-motion data, an important opportunity was missed to capture near-field recordings from such a major strike-slip event. A concerted national effort is needed to prioritize the instrumentation of faults that are likely locations of future great earthquakes.

Peak horizontal acceleration and velocity from strong-motion records including records from the 1979 imperial valley, California, earthquake

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2011-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Joyner ◽  
David M. Boore
Keyword(s):  
Strong Motion ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Attenuation Relations ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Horizontal Acceleration ◽  
Anelastic Attenuation ◽  
Distance Dependence ◽  
Peak Horizontal Acceleration

Abstract We have taken advantage of the recent increase in strong-motion data at close distances to derive new attenuation relations for peak horizontal acceleration and velocity. This new analysis uses a magnitude-independent shape, based on geometrical spreading and anelastic attenuation, for the attenuation curve. An innovation in technique is introduced that decouples the determination of the distance dependence of the data from the magnitude dependence. The resulting equations are log A = − 1.02 + 0.249 M − log r − 0.00255 r + 0.26 P r = ( d 2 + 7.3 2 ) 1 / 2 5.0 ≦ M ≦ 7.7 log V = − 0.67 + 0.489 M − log r − 0.00256 r + 0.17 S + 0.22 P r = ( d 2 + 4.0 2 ) 1 / 2 5.3 ≦ M ≦ 7.4 where A is peak horizontal acceleration in g, V is peak horizontal velocity in cm/ sec, M is moment magnitude, d is the closest distance to the surface projection of the fault rupture in km, S takes on the value of zero at rock sites and one at soil sites, and P is zero for 50 percentile values and one for 84 percentile values. We considered a magnitude-dependent shape, but we find no basis for it in the data; we have adopted the magnitude-independent shape because it requires fewer parameters.

scholarly journals Alternating asymmetric topography of the Alaska range along the strike-slip Denali fault: Strain partitioning and lithospheric control across a terrane suture zone

Tectonics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1519-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Fitzgerald ◽  
Sarah M. Roeske ◽  
Jeffery A. Benowitz ◽  
Steven J. Riccio ◽  
Stephanie E. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strike Slip ◽  
Suture Zone ◽  
Strain Partitioning ◽  
Alaska Range ◽  
Denali Fault

Near-Field Ground Motion of the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake Recorded at Pump Station 10

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Ellsworth ◽  
M. Celebi ◽  
J. R. Evans ◽  
E. G. Jensen ◽  
R. Kayen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Peak Acceleration ◽  
Permanent Displacement ◽  
Soil Response ◽  
Denali Fault ◽  
Field Recording ◽  
Pump Station

A free-field recording of the Denali fault earthquake was obtained by the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company 3 km from the surface rupture of the Denali fault. The instrument, part of the monitoring and control system for the trans-Alaska pipeline, was located at Pump Station 10, approximately 85 km east of the epicenter. After correction for the measured instrument response, we recover a seismogram that includes a permanent displacement of 3.0 m. The recorded ground motion has relatively low peak acceleration (0.36 g) and very high peak velocity (180 cm/s). Nonlinear soil response may have reduced the peak acceleration to this 0.36 g value. Accelerations in excess of 0.1 g lasted for 10 s, with the most intense motion occurring during a 1.5-s interval when the rupture passed the site. The low acceleration and high velocity observed near the fault in this earthquake agree with observations from other recent large-magnitude earthquakes.

scholarly journals Attenuation of peak ground accelerations in some recent New Zealand earthquakes

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Dowrick ◽  
S. Sritharan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Peak Ground Accelerations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Event Based

The attenuation of peak ground accelerations was studied for eight New Zealand earthquakes which occurred in the period 1987 to 1991. These events were of medium size with moment magnitudes in the range Mw = 5.8 - 6.7, with depth to centroids of the fault rupture ranging from 4 to 60 km. Attenuation of peak ground accelerations was examined for each event, based on the slope distance from the rupture surface to each strong motion data site. The mean regression attenuation curve for each event was compared with those derived by others using data sets from other parts of the world, allowance being made for source mechanism and depth. Excepting the 1988 Te Anau event, the other seven New Zealand events as a set closely match a Japanese model, but give significantly stronger accelerations than those predicted by the models from western USA and Europe.

Comparison of Ground Motions from Hybrid Simulations to NGA Prediction Equations

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Star ◽  
Jonathan P. Stewart ◽  
Robert W. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motions ◽  
Rupture Directivity ◽  
Ground Motion Prediction Equations ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
San Andreas ◽  
Blind Thrust ◽  
Static Stress Drop ◽  
Basin Response ◽  
Directivity Effects

We compare simulated motions for a Mw 7.8 rupture scenario on the San Andreas Fault known as the ShakeOut event, two permutations with different hypocenter locations, and a Mw 7.15 Puente Hills blind thrust scenario, to median and dispersion predictions from empirical NGA ground motion prediction equations. We find the simulated motions attenuate faster with distance than is predicted by the NGA models for periods less than about 5.0 s After removing this distance attenuation bias, the average residuals of the simulated events (i.e., event terms) are generally within the scatter of empirical event terms, although the ShakeOut simulation appears to be a high static stress drop event. The intra-event dispersion in the simulations is lower than NGA values at short periods and abruptly increases at 1.0 s due to different simulation procedures at short and long periods. The simulated motions have a depth-dependent basin response similar to the NGA models, and also show complex effects in which stronger basin response occurs when the fault rupture transmits energy into a basin at low angle, which is not predicted by the NGA models. Rupture directivity effects are found to scale with the isochrone parameter.

Numerical Modeling of Near Fault Seismic Ground Motion for Denali Fault

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Denali Fault ◽  
Near Fault ◽  
Good Agreement

An effective earthquake (Mw 7.9) struck Alaska on 3 November, 2002. This earthquake ruptured 340 km along Susitna Glacier, Denali and Totschunda faults in central Alaska. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) was recorded about 0.32 g at station PS10, which was located 3 km from the fault rupture. The PGA would have recorded a high value, if more instruments had been installed in the region. A numerical study has been conducted to find out the possible ground motion record that could occur at maximum horizontal slip during the Denali earthquake. The current study overcomes the limitation of number of elements to model the Denali fault. These numerical results are compared with observed ground motions. It is observed that the ground motions obtained through numerical analysis are in good agreement with observed ground motions. From numerical results, it is observed that the possible expected PGA is 0.62 g at maximum horizontal slip of Denali fault.

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