Tests on Steel and Composite Beam-to-Column Connections Strength and Stiffness Aspects

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristotle K. Kakaliagos ◽  
Jack G. Bouwkamp
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Limit ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Composite Effect ◽  
Steel Column ◽  
Composite Section ◽  
Rotation Stiffness ◽  
Endplate Connections ◽  
Web Stiffeners ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Cyclic Stiffness

The connection interface of seven welded and bolted beam-to column connections under cyclic alternating loads, has been studied. Three fully welded connections were designed to compare the effect of filled-in concrete in a typical steel column section (a composite section) with the response of typical welded connections with and without column-web stiffeners. A similar set of three specimens were tested to assess the composite effect for connections with bolted endplates. A final, seventh, bolted beam-column connection, with composite sections for both the column and the beam, was also tested. The test results have demonstrated the effectiveness of concrete in replacing the stiffeners. Compared to the welded unstiffened connection, the use of bolted endplate connections or of composite column sections can increase the elastic moment-rotation stiffness of the connection, introducing however cyclic stiffness degrading phenomena when stressed beyond the elastic limit.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on a New Reinforcement Method for Multilayer Industrial Building’s Vibration

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kaizhong Xie ◽  
Hongwei Wang ◽  
Jianxi Zhou ◽  
Xiao Luo ◽  
Miao Yue
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Vibration Experiment ◽  
Length Direction ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

In order to study a new reinforcement method for multilayer (4 layers) industrial building’s vibration, firstly, a new reinforcement method using a short-pier shear wall was put forward. Secondly, an engineering example of a multilayer industrial building with abnormal vibration was introduced. A three-dimensional finite element model of multilayer industrial building was established, and field vibration test was carried out. Test results showed that abnormal vibration of industrial building was caused by resonance between machines and multilayer industrial building. Finally, multilayer industrial building was reinforced by a new reinforcement method, and vibration experiment was carried out after reinforcement. The results show that the new reinforcement method has a good reinforcement effect. Strength and stiffness of multilayer industrial building were obviously improved, and natural frequency of industrial building in the length direction increased from 2.45 Hz to 5.87 Hz, natural frequency of industrial building in the width direction increased from 2.94 Hz to 7.83 Hz, frequencies of machines and frequencies of multilayer industrial building were not in resonance range, acceleration and velocity vibration characteristics of multilayer industrial building were improved, which can provide reference for the reinforcement of multilayer industrial building with a similar structural configuration.

Double Layer Concrete Paving Blocks Using Waste Tyre Rubber as Aggregate Replacement

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euniza Jusli ◽  
Hasanan Md Nor ◽  
Putra Jaya Ramadhansyah ◽  
Haron Zaiton
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Waste Tyre ◽  
Low Strength ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

This study provided the test results on the mechanical properties of double layer concrete paving blocks (CPBs) obtained by replacing portions of the conventional aggregate with waste tyre rubber. The mechanical properties discussed in this paper were compressive and flexural strength. Results indicated that the density of double layer CPBs containing rubber was lower than that of conventional CPB. The decrease was found to be proportional with the waste tyre rubber content. Due to the low strength and stiffness of waste tyre rubber particle, the compressive and flexural strength of double layer CPBs containing rubber appeared to be lower than that of conventional CPB.

Shrinkage tests of two full-scale composite trusses

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Laurie Kennedy ◽  
Anita Brattland
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Shrinkage Strain ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Restrained Shrinkage ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Linear Strain ◽  
Shrinkage Behaviour ◽  
Composite Section ◽  
Composite Steel

The shrinkage behaviour of two composite trusses with a span of 11.5 m was studied. Shrinkage measurements to determine the effects of slab shrinkage on truss deflections and member strains were recorded over periods of 65 and 85 days. A method is developed to compute shrinkage deflections, based on equilibrium of the shrinkage-induced forces at midspan, which gives excellent agreement with the test results. This method assumes a linear strain distribution through the depth and is based on the free shrinkage strain of the concrete and the average stress–strain characteristics of the concrete in tension under restrained shrinkage conditions as it drys, creeps, and eventually may crack as it is gradually loaded from the green state. The method is extended to composite steel-beam concrete-slab members. It is equivalent to Branson's "composite section method" provided that the correct values for the shrinkage strain and the effective modulus of elasticity of the concrete in tension are used in the latter. Key words: behaviour, composite steel–concrete beams, trusses, shrinkage deflections.

scholarly journals Effects of Crumb Rubber on Compressive Strength of Cement-Treated Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Wang ◽  
W. Song
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Cement Soil ◽  
Curing Age

A study was undertaken to investigate the effects of crumb rubber on the strength and mechanical behaviour of Rubberized cement soil (RCS). In the present investigation, 26 groups of soil samples were prepared at five different percentages of crumb rubber content, four different percentages of cement content and two different finenesses of crumb rubber particle. Compressive strength tests were carried out at the curing age of 7 days, 14 days, 28 days and 90 days. The test results indicated that the inclusion of crumb rubber within cement soil leads to a decrease in the compressive strength and stiffness and improves the cement soil’s brittle behaviour to a more ductile one. A reduction of up to 31% in the compressive strength happened in the 20% crumb content group. The compressive strength increases with the increase in the cement content. And the enlargement of cement content is more efficient at low cement content.

scholarly journals Natural Silkworm Cocoon Composites with High Strength and Stiffness Constructed in Confined Cocooning Space

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Cheng ◽  
Xiaoling Tong ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Zulan Liu ◽  
Huiming Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Homogeneous Layer ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Layer Structures ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Silkworm Cocoon ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

In this study, using round paper tubes (PTs) and rectangular cardboard boxes (CBs) as external constraints to control the size of the cocooning space, we fabricated a series of modified silkworm cocoons (PT cocoons and CB cocoons). Their microstructures, morphologies, compositions, and mechanical properties were characterized and compared with normal silkworm cocoons. These two kinds of modified silkworm cocoons exhibit dense and homogeneous layer structures. Tensile test results indicate that above a size limit of cocooning space, their tensile strengths, Young’s moduli, and strain energy densities increase with the decrease in cocooning space. Especially in comparison with the normal cocoons, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the PT-14 cocoon increase by 44% and 100%, respectively. Meanwhile, PT cocoons and CB cocoons, except PT-12, also possess better peeling resistance than normal cocoons. Owing to the dense structure and low porosity, the modified cocoons form robust fiber networks that result in high strength and toughness. This study provides a green and efficient method to fabricate mechanically enhanced silkworm cocoons with special shapes and dense layer structures. The method can be easily subjected to further modification processes and has potential applications in the production of high-performance green cocoon composites and biomimetic materials.

Square Short Wood Columns Strengthened with FRP Sheets under Compressive Load

2012 ◽  
Vol 256-259 ◽  
pp. 1008-1011
Author(s):  
Yan Mei Zhu ◽  
Shu Cheng Yuan ◽  
Min Hou ◽  
Qing Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Wood Columns

This paper presents the experimental results of the wood columns externally strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) subjected to axial compressive loading. In total, 14 square short wood columns were made, which were reinforced by FRP in two reinforcing arrangements. The main parameters studied in the test were (1) the strengthening materials, i.e. carbon FRP (CFRP), basalt FRP (BFRP) and aramid FRP (AFRP); (2) the reinforcing arrangements, i.e. the full wrapping of FRP and the partial reinforcing arrangement; (3) the layers of FRP sheets applied, i.e. one, two and three. The ultimate strength, load-axial displacements curves, load-strain relationships, and the failure modes of all the columns were presented. The test results show that both types of the reinforcing arrangements could increase the ultimate strength and stiffness of the columns tested greatly. The columns strengthened with two layers of FRP sheets gave higher load carrying capacities when compared to the columns strengthened with one or three layers of FRP sheets. The result confirms that the more layers of FRP sheets, the higher of load carrying capacity; however, the adverse results were shown when three layers of FRP sheets applied. Finally, the result also showed that the full wrapping reinforcing arrangement is more effective than the partial one in enhancing the stiffness.

Strain distribution in steel base plates under eccentric loads

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
P Paramasivam ◽  
D P Thambiratnam
Keyword(s):  
Base Plate ◽  
Lateral Strain ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Bending Strain ◽  
Steel Base ◽  
Steel Column ◽  
Flexible Base ◽  
Base Plates ◽  
Column Base

Experiments have been conducted on steel column base plates subjected to eccentric loads and the strain distributions in the base plates at various stages of loading have been determined. The thickness of the base plate and the eccentricity of load have been treated as parameters. Test results for the maximum bending strains, which always occurred at the column–base plate junction on the side of the load, compare reasonably well with those from a finite element analysis. However, the present results for the bending strains in the cantilever portions of the base plates which failed by yielding are greater than those obtained from classical theory, which is, therefore, seen to be conservative for these cases. Longitudinal and lateral strain distributions, strain contour plans, maximum bending strain variation with load, and interaction diagrams are presented and the results discussed. From these results it is evident that flexible base plates, especially when loaded at higher eccentricities, behave somewhat differently from what is assumed in classical methods.

Dynamic and Static Load Testing and Analysis for Dutou Major Bridge

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 3479-3483
Author(s):  
An Ming Wang ◽  
Yu Min Zhang ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Jing Chao Jia ◽  
Xing Feng
Keyword(s):  
Static Load ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Load ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Static Load Testing

Dynamic and static load testing for Dutou major Bridge was conducted. the test projects, the layout of measuring points and observation methods, test loadings, test methods, test results were presented, the test results showed that the strength and stiffness behavior of the bridge could meet the requirements of designation, the structure lied in a flexible working stage under test load.

Fatigue Behavior of RC Slab Retrofitted with Carbon Fiber Mesh after Different Levels of Pre-Damage

2007 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Soo Yeon Seo ◽  
Hyun Do Yoon ◽  
Cheol Woo Park
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rc Slab ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Fiber Mesh ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Test Result

Three RC slab specimens were designed and manufactured to investigate the fatigue behavior of RC slab retrofitted with carbon fiber mesh (CFM) and mortar. Among three slab specimens, two slabs were pre-loaded to introduce damage prior to the fatigue loading tests. Fatigue loading was applied to the top of slab maintaining 40% of the ultimate strength of specimen at 2Hz loading speed. The fatigue test was terminated when the loading cycle exceeded 1,000,000 cycles. From the test results, the effectiveness of the retrofitting using CFM was evaluated. Test result showed that the specimens retrofitted after either severe or light damages had very similar strength and stiffness to those of the specimens retrofitted without damage. It was found that the strength was even slightly improved in the specimen retrofitted with CFM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document