Design Professions and Earthquake Policy

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. May ◽  
Nancy Stark
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Seismic Code ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Regulatory Strategy ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Code Provisions

This article addresses the role of the design professions in enhancing seismic safety as evidenced by interviews with design professionals in the Pacific Northwest. Key policy issues of relevance to this discussion concern the role of codes and other regulatory efforts in influencing design practices. The findings indicate seismic design practices are driven by seismic codes and related norms of “good” engineering and seismic design. Economic and liability considerations constrain practices beyond those of code provisions. As a consequence, policy reforms for seismic risk reduction are highly dependent upon seismic code revision. Variation in seismic design practice is reduced through professional educational efforts, professional licensing and registration requirements, and code enforcement. These findings serve as qualified endorsement of the current federal “limited regulatory” strategy in working with private code-setting authorities to improve seismic code provisions. The qualifications concern the disjunctive impacts of the limited regulatory strategy.

Astrosclereids In Needles Of Old-Growth Douglas-Fir Trees

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1240-1241
Author(s):  
M. Apple ◽  
A. Soeldner ◽  
R. Hamill ◽  
K. Tiekotfer
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Function ◽  
Development Structure

Old-growth Douglas-fir trees in the Pacific Northwest are venerable giants that often live for 500 years and reach heights of over 75 meters. Their needles are relatively ephemeral and small but have the important role of interacting with the atmosphere in order to transpire and photosynthesize. Within the photosynthetic mesophyll tissue of Douglas-fir needles, there are large, non-living cells with lignified secondary cell walls that are known as astrosclereids. Apparent channels in the secondary wall may provide a route for exchange or transport of materials between the astrosclereid lumen and mesophyll cells or the vascular cylinder. Astrosclereids may be involvev d in storage of secondary metabolites such as tannin and may develop in response to fungi, mistletoe, or other pathogens. More knowledge is needed about the development, structure and function of astrosclereids.Needles were collected from sapling and old-growth Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, (Mirb.) Franco, trees at the Wind River Canopy Crane in Carson, Washington and from three sites in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon in 1997 and 1998.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Survival of Apothecia of the Eyespot Pathogens Oculimacula acuformis and O. yallundae on Wheat Stubble in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Vera ◽  
T. D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Oculimacula Yallundae

Eyespot is a chronic disease of wheat caused by Oculimacula yallundae and O. acuformis that results in premature ripening of grain, lodging, and reduced grain yield. Discovery of the sexual stage of these Oculimacula spp. in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States is relatively recent and the role of apothecia in the epidemiology of eyespot is unclear. Our goals were to determine whether and when apothecia of these Oculimacula spp. are found in the PNW, and monitor their ability to survive over summer and over winter. Seventy-three harvested commercial wheat fields in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington were surveyed for apothecia during spring and fall 2012 and spring 2013. Apothecia of both species were found in both spring and fall in 19% of fields. Apothecia survived on straw placed on the soil surface over the summer but not the winter. This is the first report of O. yallundae apothecia in commercial wheat fields in the PNW. Occurrence of apothecia in spring and fall demonstrates that sexual reproduction of both species occurs regularly in the PNW and at a time when ascospores could serve as primary inoculum for infection of winter wheat. Results of this study are consistent with previous population genetic studies that found high genotypic diversity of both eyespot pathogens in winter wheat fields and provides a baseline for understanding the influence of sexual reproduction on population dynamics and genetics of both pathogens.

Ethical Dilemmas and Seismic Design

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-504
Author(s):  
Tom Spector
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Seismic Code ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
Seismic Forces

Most research in the ongoing effort to improve building seismic safety has been devoted to improving building code methodology by refining the techniques of analysis and prediction of seismic forces. This agenda has left little room for the observation that how the code is regarded and interpreted by structural designers may have as much to do with overall seismic safety as do the code's written provisions. The purpose of this investigation is to look at both how the seismic code is viewed by practicing professional engineers and explore a range of ethical dilemmas entailed by interpreting the code. In conclusion, a case is made to consider interpretation of the seismic code to be an ethical, as well as technical matter; one that can be successfully addressed by a community of professionals acting together.

Role of Water in the Pacific Northwest

1965 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 973-980
Author(s):  
George L. Bodhaine
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Postglacial migration across a large dispersal barrier outpaces regional expansion from glacial refugia: evidence from two conifers in the Pacific Northwest

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Fernandez ◽  
FS Hu ◽  
DG Gavin ◽  
G deLafontaine ◽  
KD Heath
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Modern Species ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Postglacial Migration ◽  
The Impact

AbstractUnderstanding how climate refugia and migration over great distances have facilitated species survival during periods of past climate change is crucial for evaluating contemporary threats to biodiversity. In addition to tracking a changing climate, extant species must face complex, anthropogenically fragmented landscapes. The dominant conifer species in the mesic temperate forests of the Pacific Northwest are split by the arid rain-shadow of the Cascade Range into coastal and interior distributions, with continued debate over the origins of the interior populations. If the Last Glacial Maximum extirpated populations in the interior then postglacial migration across the arid divide would have been necessary to create the current distribution, whereas interior refugial persistence could have locally repopulated the disjunction. These alternative scenarios have significant implications for the postglacial development of the Pacific Northwest mesic forests and the impact of dispersal barriers during periods of climate change. Here we use genotyping-by-sequencing (ddRADseq) and phylogeographical modeling to show that the postglacial expansion of both mountain hemlock and western redcedar consisted largely of long-distance spread inland in the direction of dominant winds, with limited expansion from an interior redcedar refugium. Our results for these two key mesic conifers, along with fossil pollen data, address the longstanding question on the development of the Pacific Northwest mesic forests and contrast with many recent studies emphasizing the role of cryptic refugia in colonizing modern species ranges.Statement of SignificanceUnderstanding whether habitat fragmentation hinders range shifts as species track a changing climate presents a pressing challenge for biologists. Species with disjunct distributions provide a natural laboratory for studying the effects of fragmentation during past periods of climate change. We find that dispersal across a 50-200-km inhospitable barrier characterized the expansion of two conifer species since the last ice age. The importance of migration, and minimal contribution of more local glacial refugia, contrasts with many recent studies emphasizing the role of microrefugia in populating modern species distributions. Our results address a longstanding question on the development of the disjunct mesic conifer forests of the Pacific Northwest and offer new insights into the spatiotemporal patterns of refugial populations and postglacial vegetation development previously unresolved despite decades of paleoecological studies.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Cassaniti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World

The final chapter returns the analysis back to mindfulness in the United States, and the lessons learned about how mindfulness is understood differently in Thailand, Burma and Sri Lanka compared with its popular meanings in the United States. Drawing from the experiences of over 100 informants in the Pacific Northwest, the concluding chapter shows how the TAPES of temporality, affect, power, ethics, and selfhood are articulated in different ways by people in the different regions. The chapter includes a concluding discussion of how authoritative discourses about mindfulness move through space and time, and how these lessons may inform larger questions about the role of culture in mental processes around the world.

Heritage Inc.: A Mini-Symposium on Heritage Protection and Private Actors. Held at the Faculty of Law, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, 16 March 2012

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-571
Author(s):  
Robert K. Paterson ◽  
Anastasia Telesetsky
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Canadian Studies ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
The University

In response to the emerging phenomenon of the role of nonstate actors in heritage protection and preservation, a one-day symposium took place on 16 March 2012 in the new Allard Hall building of the Faculty of Law at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. The conference was officially opened by Dean of Law, Professor Mary Anne Bobinski and received financial support from the University of British Columbia, Faculty of Law Conference Fund; the Pacific Northwest Canadian Studies Consortium; and Golder Associates Ltd. The conference brought together seven experts from both academia and practice to discuss contemporary practices and emerging legal and sociological trends in heritage protection by private actors.

Puck Drop in the Pacific Northwest: Building Brand Equity for a New Professional Sport Franchise

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Melissa Davies ◽  
Michael L. Naraine ◽  
Brandon Mastromartino
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Color Scheme

This case asks participants to take on the role of a brand consultant, working for the fictional brand management firm, BrandNew, to advise on the branding of a new National Hockey League (NHL) franchise. The consultant will need to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the brand equity for three previous NHL expansion or relocation teams (i.e., Vegas Golden Knights, Winnipeg Jets, Carolina Hurricanes) in order to understand what goes into selecting an effective team name, color scheme, logo, mascot, and how to socially integrate into the host city market. Consultants will then make recommendations for the NHL’s next expansion team in Seattle, Washington, so as to build sustained brand equity in the Seattle market.

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