Toward a Philosophy for Seismic Retrofit: The Seattle Experience

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-569
Author(s):  
T. W. Perbix ◽  
P. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Seismic Retrofit ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Life Safety ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Safety Aspects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Everyday Design ◽  
Retrofit Design

By examining seismic retrofit experience with three buildings in Seattle, important practical issues regarding the underlying economic, political, and social conflicts are explored. The philosophy of seismic retrofit and its resulting consequences for life safety, building usefulness both before and after seismic events, and the economic consequences of retrofit are examined in light of the professional and regulatory atmosphere. While a great deal of information is generated nationally in the field of seismic retrofit, its assimilation by the practising professional and regulatory official is incomplete and uncoordinated. The work proposes, therefore, a seismic retrofit design philosophy for discussion and possible use as a premise for development of codes. The proposed philosophy coordinates the economic, social, and life safety aspects of seismic retrofit in a way that meets the needs of designers and regulators who are currently forced to make social policy in their everyday design interactions.

The economic consequences of the Celali revolts: the destruction and re-establishment of the state’s taxation organisation

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman Polat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Tax Unit

At the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth centuries the Celali revolts resulted in wide-scale destruction throughout the entire Anatolian region. While research has been done on the general effects of this destruction, in-depth work investigating the economic consequences of the Celali revolts based on extant economic data has yet to be undertaken. Using archival material it is, however, possible to show the economic effects of these revolts. Taking the fall in tax collected by the state from the population as a result of the Celali revolts, this article aims to show how these revolts affected the economic structure of the state. By comparing the levels of avarız taxes collected before and after the revolts, and by trying to establish the levels of tax set according to the tax unit, the avarız hanes, the article thus sets out the economic impact the revolts had in Anatolia.

scholarly journals VERIFICATION OF NONLINEAR SEISMIC RESPONSE VALUES USED FOR THE SEISMIC RETROFIT DESIGN OF YOKOHAMA BAY BRIDGE

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Yasumiki YAMAMOTO ◽  
Hisamitsu HANNO ◽  
Yozo FUJINO ◽  
Masaaki YABE
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Seismic Retrofit ◽  
Nonlinear Seismic Response ◽  
Retrofit Design

scholarly journals Economic consequences of mandatory price re-registration for medicines from the high-cost nosology program

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
A. V. Rudakova ◽  
D. T. Ugrekhelidze ◽  
V. A. Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Reference Stock

The Government Decree, approved in December 2019, required registration certificates holders of reference drugs, included in the essential drug list (EDL), submit applications for mandatory price re-registration. Drugs included in the high-cost nosology list (high-cost list) must be included in the EDL.Objective: to assess the budget impact of price re-registration for high-cost list drugs.Material and methods. The comparing economic analysis of high-cost nosology program before and after price re-registration based on the Government Decree N 1683 (effective from 16.12.2019). 125 reference stock keeping units (SKUs), included in the high-cost list, were evaluated.Results. The analysis showed, that after re-registration the prices of 66 SKUs will remain the same. The prices of 43 reference SKUs will be reduced after setting a single maximum selling price («equalization»). Prices for 16 SKUs will be reduced due to lower registered prices in the reference countries. Considering the contracts executed in 20192020, the budget of the high-cost program is up to 74.430 billion rubles, and after re-registration it will be equal to 64.162 billion rubles, so the savings will amount 10.267 billion (13.8 %). The main drivers of re-registration prices savings are: Advagraf (1.175 billion rubles), Elizaria (2.083 billion rubles) and Revlimid (2.247 billion rubles). Separately, we analyzed the consequences ofprices re-registration in the V-thgroup ofhigh-cost list, which are provided topatients with malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissues. It was calculated, that in 2019 the contracts for V-th group of high-cost list were signed for 19.217 billion rubles, and after the price re-registration for the purchase of the same number of drugs 16.762 billion rubles will be spent, so the savings from the price re-registration will amount to 2.455 billion rubles (12.8 %), among which 2.247 billion rubles will be provided by price re-registration of Revlimid.Conclusions. The pricing policy implemented in the Russian Federation is aimed at increasing the availability of highly effective medical care to the population of the Russian Federation and significantly reduces the burden on the budget of the healthcare system.

scholarly journals DISCUSSION/CLOSURE “BASIC PRINCIPLES AND DESIGN GROUND MOTIONS IN SEISMIC RETROFIT DESIGN OF LARGE CABLE-SUPPORTED BRIDGES ON THE TOKYO METROPOLITAN EXPRESSWAY”

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-914
Author(s):  
Kazuo KOMORI ◽  
Hiroshi KIKKAWA ◽  
Naoyuki ODAGIRI ◽  
Takuo KINOSHITA ◽  
Takao MIZOGUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motions ◽  
Seismic Retrofit ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan ◽  
Retrofit Design

scholarly journals Rekommodifieringen av taxibranschen - förändring av ekonomiska förhållanden och etnisk sammansättning

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Susanne Urban ◽  
Zoran Slavnic
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Economic Relations

I denna artikel analyseras de socio-ekonomiska konsekvenserna av den hastigt avreglerade taxibranschen. Det har blivit vanligare för utrikes födda att arbeta i taxibranschen, men de har inte blivit integrerade på samma villkor som de infödda kollegerna. Trots att de utrikes födda är högre utbildade, har de lägre inkomst från taxibranschen än de infödda. Resultaten visar hur en bransch med försämrade arbetsvillkor kan erbjuda relativt attraktiva arbetsmöjligheter för utrikes födda, samtidigt som det resulterar i en oavsiktlig bieffekt, nämligen att utrikes födda påverkas hårdast av de rekommodifierande processerna i relationerna mellan arbetsmarknad och socialpolitik. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Susanne Urban & Zoran Slavnic: Recommodification of the Taxi Sector: Changing of Economic Relations and Ethnic Composition This article addresses the socio-economic consequences of the rapid deregulation of the Swedish taxi sector. Foreign-born residents have become more involved in the taxi business, but they have not been integrated in the sector under the same conditions as their Swedish-born fellow workers. Although higher educated, they have lower incomes from the taxi sector than their Swedish-born colleagues. Our findings show how a sector with increasingly poorer working conditions appears to be an attractive employment opportunity for foreign-born citizens. However, at the same time, there is an unintended side-effect, in that the foreign born workers are severely affected by the recommodification processes in the relations between labour market and social policy. Key words: Taxi sector, ethnic segmentation, re-commodifi-cation, deregulation, ethnic divison of labor, informal economy.

scholarly journals Financial catastrophism inherent with out-of-pocket payments in long term care for households: a latent impoverishment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul del Pozo-Rubio ◽  
Isabel Pardo ◽  
Francisco Escribano-Sotos
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Dependent Care ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Out-of-pocket (OOP) payments are configured as an important source of financing long-term care (LTC). However, very few studies have analyzed the risk of impoverishment and catastrophic effects of OOP in LTC. Objective To estimate the contribution of users to the financing of LTC and to analyze the economic consequences for households in terms of impoverishment and catastrophism. Data and Methods The data base which was used is 2008 Spanish Disability and Dependency Survey, projected to 2012. We analyze the OOP payments effect associated to the impoverishment of households comparing volume and financial situation before and after OOP payment. At the same time, the extent to which OOP payment had led to catastrophism was analyzed using different thresholds. Results The results show that contribution of dependent people to the financing of the services they receive exceeds by 50% the costs of these services. This expenditure entails an increase in the number of households that live below the poverty. In terms of catastrophism, more than 80% of households dedicate more than 10% of their income to dependency OOP payments. In annual terms, the catastrophe gap generated by devoting more than 10% of the household income to dependent care OOP payment reached €3,955, 1 million (0,38% of GDP). Conclusion This article informs about consequences of OOP in LCT and supplements previous research that focus on health. Our results should serve to develop strategic for protection against the financial risk resulting from facing the costs of a situation of dependence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document