The Borah Peak, Idaho Earthquake of October 28, 1983—Isoseismal Map and Intensity Distribution

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl W. Stover
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Isoseismal Map ◽  
Peak Event

The Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake of October 28, 1983, caused two deaths in Challis and injured one person in Mackay. The most severe damage occurred in Mackay and Challis, where 11 businesses and 239 homes were damaged. Maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VII was rated for both Challis and Mackay based on damage due to vibrational effects. Intensity IX was assigned to the area along the 34-kilometer-length of surface faulting. This event is comparable to the 1959 Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake, which was assigned an intensity X based on geologic effects and VII - VIII on vibrational effects (Steinbrugge and Cloud, 1962). The Borah Peak event was felt over 855,000 km2 of the United States and Canada.

scholarly journals First Report of Subanguina radicicola, the Root-Gall Nematode Infecting Poa annua Putting Greens in Washington State

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Mitkowski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
First Report

In the fall of 2006, a golf course in Snoqualmie, WA renovated five putting greens with commercially produced Poa annua L. sod from British Columbia, Canada. Prior to the renovation, the greens had been planted with Agrostis stolonifera L. cv. Providence, which was removed during the renovation. In February of 2007, chlorotic patches were observed on the newly established P. annua greens. When the roots were examined, extensive galling was observed throughout plant roots. Galls were slender and twisted in appearance and less than one millimeter long. Upon dissection of washed galls, hundreds of eggs were exuded into the surrounding water droplet and both mature male and female nematodes were observed. Further morphometric examination of males, females, and juvenile nematodes demonstrated that they were Subanguina radicicola (Greef 1872) Paramanov 1967 (1). Amplification of nematode 18S, ITS1, and 5.8S regions, using previously published primers (2), resulted in a 100% sequence match with the publicly available sequence for S. radicicola, GenBank Accession No. AF396366. Each P. annua plant had an average of six galls (with a range of 1 to 8), primarily located within the top 2 cm of the soil. All five new P. annua putting greens at the golf course were infested with the nematode. Additionally, P. annua from two A. stolonifera cv. Providence greens that had not been renovated was infected, suggesting that the population occurred onsite and was not imported from the Canadian sod. S. radicicola has been identified as causing severe damage in New Brunswick, Canada on P. annua putting greens and in wild P. annua in the northwestern United States, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of the nematode affecting P. annua on a golf course in the United States. References: (1) E. L. Krall. Wheat and grass nematodes: Anguina, Subanguina, and related genera. Pages 721–760 in: Manual of Agricultural Nematology. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1991. (2) N. A. Mitkowski et al. Plant Dis. 86:840, 2002.

scholarly journals Boxwood Leafminer Monarthropalpus flavus (Schrank) (Insecta: Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Balwinder Kaur ◽  
Adam Dale
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Boxwood leafminer, Monarthropalpusi flavus Schank (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a gnat-like fly whose larvae can cause severe damage to boxwood (Buxus spp.) trees and shrubs across the United States. This small fly is native to Europe and was first detected as a pest of boxwood in the United States in 1910. This insect can cause serious damage to boxwood species, which are among the most commonly planted landscape ornamental plants in the eastern U.S. This document describes the boxwood leafminers biology, identification, and management.   Orginally published at: http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/ORN/SHRUBS/boxwood_leafminer.html

The pine wood nematode: a comparison of the situation in the United States and Japan

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Wingfield ◽  
R. A. Blanchette ◽  
T. H. Nicholls ◽  
K. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Range ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
The Past

The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchusxylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle, causes a wilt of pines in Japan. Severe damage to forests in Japan have been occurring for the past 30 years. Recently, the nematode has been found on conifers throughout the United States. Little is known of the biology and etiology of the pine wood nematode in North America. At present, there appears to be little threat to native coniferous forests of the United States and Canada. This is indicated by the wide host range and extensive geographic distribution of the nematode, association of the nematode on trees severely weakened by insects and diseases, and presence of the nematode in the United States since the early part of this century. Monoculture of susceptible conifers, offsite plantings and the introduction of potentially more effective vectors could, however, result in an increased damage by the nematode.

The Lima earthquake of October 3, 1974: Intensity distribution

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Espinosa ◽  
R. Husid ◽  
S. T. Algermissen ◽  
J. de las Casas
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Differential Settlement ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
High Water Table ◽  
Isoseismal Map ◽  
Earthquake Effects

abstract The epicenter of the October 3, 1974, earthquake was 80 km west of Lima at 12.2°S and 77.67°W. This earthquake caused severe damage in Lima and vicinity, producing a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of IX in a few small scattered areas in Lima. The Modified Mercalli intensity in Lima varied from V to IX; in towns south of Lima the intensity exceeded VIII. The areas of high intensity, both in Lima and along the coast, appear to be related to unfavorable soil conditions or to a high water table, as is evident in the areas where large damage and/or differential settlement took place. Slumping was also observed along the coastal road south of Lima. In Callao differential earth settlement was associated with liquefaction of the soil. Pockets of high intensities, such as in the districts of La Molina and Chorrillos, are correlated with possible local ground-amplification effects. Subsidence of up to 35 cm took place in some areas along the wave-cut terrace in Miraflores, and 15 cm of subsidence was observed in Chorrillos. The isoseismal map constructed for Lima can be used in a preliminary zonation of Lima for potential earthquake effects.

scholarly journals Tornadoes in Europe: Synthesis of the Observational Datasets

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 2445-2480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Antonescu ◽  
David M. Schultz ◽  
Fiona Lomas ◽  
Thilo Kühne
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Southern Europe

Abstract A synthesis of tornado observations across Europe between 1800 and 2014 is used to produce a pan-European climatology. Based on regional tornado-occurrence datasets and articles published in peer-reviewed journals, the evolution and the major contributions to tornado databases for 30 European countries were analyzed. Between 1800 and 2014, 9563 tornadoes were reported in Europe with an increase from 8 tornadoes per year between 1800 and 1850 to 242 tornadoes per year between 2000 and 2014. The majority of the reports came from northern, western, and southern Europe, and to a lesser extent from eastern Europe where tornado databases were developed after the 1990s. Tornadoes occur throughout the year with a maximum in June–August for most of Europe and in August–November for southern Europe. Tornadoes occur more frequently between 1300 and 1500 UTC over most of Europe and between 0900 and 1100 UTC over southern Europe. Where intensity was known, 74.7% of tornadoes were classified as F0 and F1, 24.5% as F2 and F3, and 0.8% as F4 and F5. Comparing this intensity distribution over Europe with the intensity distribution for tornadoes in the United States shows that tornadoes over western and eastern Europe are more likely to be supercellular tornadoes and those over northern and southern Europe are likely to also include nonsupercellular tornadoes.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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