Performance Evaluation of Seismic Force–Resisting Systems for Low-Rise Steel Buildings in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1969-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Y. Yang ◽  
M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
Seismic Force ◽  
Seismic System

Steel is one of the most popular seismic force–resisting systems (SFRS) in use worldwide. In Canada, several SFRS have been prequalified for use in the national and provincial building codes. The design of each SFRS has been covered comprehensively in literature. However, no guidance has been provided in selecting the optimum system for a project. In this paper, a prototype building located in Vancouver, Canada, was designed nine times to utilize each of the prequalified SFRS. Detailed seismic hazard and finite element models were developed for each system. The performance in terms of initial construction and life-cycle cost was used to rank each SFRS. The result of this analysis shows that the eccentrically braced configuration has the lowest material usage and life cycle maintenance cost; it is therefore the most economic system in this study. The presented methodology is transparent and can be easily adopted by engineers to select the most economic seismic system for projects with different configurations and geometries than those given in this research. Furthermore, this system introduces a metric with which to estimate the life-cycle costs of a structure taking into account seismic damage over the service life.

A Life Cycle Cost Analysis Approach for Selection of a Typical Heavy Usage Multistage Centrifugal Pump

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxman Y. Waghmode ◽  
Ravindra S. Birajdar ◽  
Shridhar G. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Lifetime Cost ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Multistage Centrifugal Pump

It is well known that the pumps are the largest consumers of industrial motor energy and account for more than 25% of electricity consumption. The life cycle cost of a pump is the total lifetime cost associated with procurement, installation, operation, maintenance and its disposal. For majority of heavy usage pumps, the lifetime energy and/or maintenance cost will dominate the life cycle costs. Hence a greater understanding of all the cost components making up the total life cycle costs should provide an opportunity to achieve a substantial savings in energy and maintenance costs. This will further enable optimizing pumping system efficiency and improving pump and system reliability. Therefore in this context, the life cycle cost analysis of heavy usage pumps is quite important. This paper focuses on an application of a methodology of determining the life cycle cost of a typical heavy usage multistage centrifugal pump. In this case, all the cost components associated with the pump-set have been determined and classified under different categories. The data with regard to initial investment costs, operation costs, maintenance and repair costs and disposal costs for the pump considered for this case study was collected from the concerned pump manufacturer along with the unit cost of each component, quantity used and their weights. By applying the principles of reliability and maintainability engineering and using the data obtained from the design, manufacturing and maintenance departments, the component-wise values of MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) and MTTR (Mean Time To Repair) were estimated. The results of the life cycle cost analysis of the specimen pump were compared with the life cycle costs of similar pumps reported in the literature. From this comparison of results, it can be concluded that, the initial cost of the pump is the only a fraction of the total life cycle cost. The operating cost of the pump dominates the life cycle costs especially in case of heavy usage pumps. The maintenance cost varies approximately from 0.6 to 2.5 times the initial cost of the pump. The life cycle cost of the pump varies approximately from 12 to 33 times the initial cost of the pump. The operation and maintenance cost is almost 92 to 97 per cent of the life cycle cost. The detailed analysis carried out in this paper is expected to provide guidelines to the pump manufactures/practicing engineers in selecting a heavy usage multistage centrifugal pump based on the total lifetime cost rather than only on initial price.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost of Electricity Production: A Comparative Study of Coal-Fired, Biomass, and Wind Power in China

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3463
Author(s):  
Xueliang Yuan ◽  
Leping Chen ◽  
Xuerou Sheng ◽  
Mengyue Liu ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
External Cost ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Cost Of Electricity

Economic cost is decisive for the development of different power generation. Life cycle cost (LCC) is a useful tool in calculating the cost at all life stages of electricity generation. This study improves the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) model as the LCC calculation methods from three aspects, including considering the quantification of external cost, expanding the compositions of internal cost, and discounting power generation. The improved LCOE model is applied to three representative kinds of power generation, namely, coal-fired, biomass, and wind power in China, in the base year 2015. The external cost is quantified based on the ReCiPe model and an economic value conversion factor system. Results show that the internal cost of coal-fired, biomass, and wind power are 0.049, 0.098, and 0.081 USD/kWh, separately. With the quantification of external cost, the LCCs of the three are 0.275, 0.249, and 0.081 USD/kWh, respectively. Sensitivity analysis is conducted on the discount rate and five cost factors, namely, the capital cost, raw material cost, operational and maintenance cost (O&M cost), other annual costs, and external costs. The results provide a quantitative reference for decision makings of electricity production and consumption.

scholarly journals Expandable Houses: An Explorative Life Cycle Cost Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6974
Author(s):  
Charlotte Cambier ◽  
Waldo Galle ◽  
Niels De De Temmerman
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Housing Needs

In addition to the environmental burden of its construction and demolition activities, the Flemish housing market faces a structural affordability challenge. As one possible answer, this research explores the potential of so-called expandable houses, being built increasingly often. Through specific design choices that enable the disassembly and future reuse of individual components and so align with the idea of a circular economy, expandable houses promise to provide ever-changing homes with a smaller impact on the environment and at a lower cost for clients. In this paper, an expandable house suitable for various housing needs is conceived through a scenario-based research-by-design approach and compared to a reference house for Flanders. Subsequently, for both houses the life cycle costs are calculated and compared. The results of this exploration support the proposition that designing expandable houses can be a catalyst for sustainable, circular housing development and that households could benefit from its social, economic and ecological qualities. It requires, however, a dynamic perspective on evaluating their life-cycle impact.

Integrating Reliability Analysis in Life Cycle Cost Estimation of Heat Exchanger and Pump

2014 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRESELAM Mulubrhan ◽  
Ainul Akmar Mokhtar ◽  
Masdi Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
Maintenance Policies ◽  
High Degree

This paper presents a mathematical model to estimate the life cycle cost (LCC) of heat exchanger and pump. Maintenance cost, down time cost and acquisition costs are calculated. The main uncertainty in calculating these costs are prediction of number of failure and cumulative down time. Number of failure is determined using failure and repair time density function. According to the characteristic that the cumulative failure probability observed, a Weibull distribution model is used. The scale and shape parameters of the Weibull are extracted from the published data. The results of the study show that 71.3% loss in the reliability of heat exchanger and 34.2% reliability loss in pump could lead to 66.2 % increment of the total cost. The reliability of the system decreases because of number of failures will increase each year, and this failure leads to unavailability of the system.Therefore in order to achieve higher system effectiveness and reduce the total LCC, the reliability of the systems need to be increased through proper maintenance policies and strategies. The results of the study could assist the managers to make decision with high degree of accuracy.

scholarly journals Least Cost Analysis of Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Ontario Using Trnsys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Fereidouni Kondri
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
Domestic Hot Water

This report presents the methodology for determining least cost energy efficient upgrade solutions in new residential housing using brute force sequential search (BFSS) method for integration into the reference house to reduce energy consumption while minimizing the net present value (NPV) of life cycle costs. The results showed that, based on the life cycle cost analysis of 30 years, the optimal upgrades resulted in the average of 19.25% (case 1), 31% (case 2a), and 21% (case 2b) reduction in annual energy consumption. Economic conditions affect the sequencing of the upgrades. In this respect the preferred upgrades to be performed in order are; domestic hot water heating, above grade wall insulation, cooling systems, ceiling insulation, floor insulation, heat recovery ventilator, basement slab insulation and below grade wall insulation. When the gas commodity pricing becomes high, the more energy efficient upgrades for domestic hot water (DHW) get selected at a cost premium.

Life Cycle Cost Management Strategy on Corrosion Deterioration and Fatigue Damage of Steel Girder Bridge

2008 ◽  
Vol 385-387 ◽  
pp. 845-848
Author(s):  
Moe M.S. Cheung ◽  
Kevin K.L. So ◽  
Xue Qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Steel Girder ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Failure Cost ◽  
Steel Girder Bridge ◽  
Girder Bridge

This paper proposes a life-cycle cost (LCC) management methodology that integrates corrosion deterioration and fatigue damage mechanisms. This LCC management methodology has four characterized features: (1) corrosion deterioration and fatigue damage models are used to predict the time when the pre-defined limits are reached; (2) the performance of the steel girder is measured by condition state sets in which deflection, moment and shear capacities and fatigue strength limits are considered altogether; (3) the cost-effectiveness of management strategies are measured by the performance improvement per unit of money spent; and (4) the LCC model includes initial design/construction cost, inspection cost, maintenance cost, repair/rehabilitation cost and failure cost. A steel girder bridge is used as an example to demonstrate the application of the proposed LCC management methodology.

Innovative Approach for Use of Hydrofoils on Ultralight Seaplane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Maglione ◽  
Ubaldo Cella ◽  
Marco E. Biancolini ◽  
Leonardo Lecce
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
Plant Maintenance

Retractable hydrofoils may enhance performances of seaplane during take-off and landing runs by lowering the speed when the hull is leaving or touching water surface. Hydrofoils are designed to complement airlift with additional hydrodynamic lift elevating the hull above the water at a speed lower than take-off speed; this minimizes slamming phenomenon on the hull, improving seakeeping capability of the seaplane, since water impacts are minimized compared to conventional configuration and, as a consequence, forces and accelerations on airframe, crew and passengers are reduced. This is of foremost importance on ultralight seaplanes, where wave forces acting on the relatively small aircraft mass provide high accelerations and significant roll, pitch and yaw forces that are higher on light aircraft compared to heavy seaplanes. As matter of facts, clear advantage of this configuration is the increase of sea state when a light seaplane can safely fly, providing additional useful days along the year. Important benefit is the improvement of seaplane performances during take-off and landing, reducing duration of the most critical flight phases, increasing overall safety and reducing pilot workload. Further benefits are envisioned, with optimization of wing, empennage and fuselage to minimize aero-drag and, as snow-ball effect, mission fuel consumption and energy power requirements. Life-cycle cost receives benefits too, since less water spray is ingested by engine and less water droplets impinge on fast revolving propeller, thus reducing expensive power plant maintenance cost over the entire service life.

The Influence of Engine Characteristics on Patrol Aircraft Life Cycle Cost Optimization

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Schuetz
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Aircraft Performance ◽  
Antisubmarine Warfare ◽  
Flight Profile

A conceptual design study has been conducted for an all-new, land-based patrol aircraft for the U.S. Navy. The selected propulsion system was a conceptual high-speed turboprop. An antisubmarine warfare mission was chosen for the design flight profile. Probable peacetime utilization was postulated so that the engine duty cycle could be estimated. Aircraft designs were optimized for minimum takeoff gross weight (TOGW) and for minimum life cycle cost (LCC). It was shown that the aircraft performance requirements and design constraints bound the optimization process so tightly that the same point design is obtained for both TOGW and LCC criteria. The contribution of the engine costs to the overall life cycle costs was examined. The sensitivity of the aircraft optimization to the engine characteristics — specific fuel consumption (SFC), length, diameter, and cost — was analyzed. It was determined that SFC is the most significant engine characteristic.

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