Full-Scale Structural and Nonstructural Building System Performance during Earthquakes: Part I – Specimen Description, Test Protocol, and Structural Response

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 737-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Chen ◽  
Elide Pantoli ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Rodrigo Astroza ◽  
Hamed Ebrahimian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Nonstructural Components ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Broad Variety

A landmark experimental program was conducted to advance the understanding of nonstructural system performance during earthquakes. The centerpiece of this effort involved shake table testing a full-scale five-story reinforced concrete building furnished with a broad variety of nonstructural components and systems (NCSs) including complete and operable egress, mechanical and electrical systems, facades, and architectural layouts. The building-NCS system was subjected to a suite of earthquake motions of increasing intensity, while base-isolated and then fixed at its base. In this paper, the major components of the test specimen, including the structure and its NCSs, the monitoring systems, and the seismic test protocol are described in detail. Important response and damage characteristics of the structure are also presented. A companion paper describes the damage observed for the various NCSs and correlates these observations with the structure's response.

CO2SAFE-ARREST: A Full-Scale Burst Test Research Program for Carbon Dioxide Pipelines — Part 1: Project Overview and Outcomes of Test 1

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Linton ◽  
Bente Helen Leinum ◽  
Robert Newton ◽  
Olav Fyrileiv
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fracture Propagation ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Full Scale Test ◽  
Scale Test

Transport of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in pipelines from capture site to storage site forms an important link in the overall Carbon Capture, Transport and Storage (CCTS) scheme. The thermodynamic properties of CO2 are different from those of other gases such as natural gas that are transported in pipelines. Recent full-scale burst tests from the projects SARCO2 and COOLTRANS indicated significant variations in correction factors necessary to predict the arrest of a running ductile fracture. In addition, CO2 can be a potential hazard to human and animal life and the environment. While consequence distances of natural gas pipelines are well established and documented in standards, this is not the case with CO2. The research focused CO2SAFE-ARREST joint industry project (JIP) aims to (1) investigate the fracture propagation and arrest characteristics of anthropogenic CO2 carrying high strength steel pipelines, and (2) to investigate the dispersion of CO2 following its release into the atmosphere. The participants are DNV GL (Norway) and Energy Pipelines CRC (Australia). The project is funded by the Norwegian CLIMIT and the Commonwealth Government of Australia. The joint investigation commenced in 2016 and will continue to 2019. The experimental part of the project involves two full-scale fracture propagation tests using X65, 610mm (24“) pipe and two 6″ shock tube tests, with all tests filled with a dense phase CO2/N2 mixture. The full-scale tests were made up of 8 pipe lengths each, with nominal wall thicknesses of 13.5 mm and 14.5mm. The dispersion of the carbon dioxide from the full-scale test sections was measured through an array of sensors downwind of the test location. The tests were conducted in 2017/2018 at Spadeadam, UK. Following a short review of the background and outcomes of previous CO2 full-scale burst tests, this paper provides insight on the aims of the overall experimental program along with summary results from the first full-scale fracture propagation test, carried out in September 2017. Two companion papers provide further details on the first test. The first companion paper [IPC2018-78525] discusses the selection of pipe material properties for the test and the detailed fracture propagation test results. The second companion paper [IPC2018-78530] provides information on the dispersion of the CO2 from the first full-scale test, along with numerical modelling of the dispersion.

Full-Scale Structural and Nonstructural Building System Performance during Earthquakes: Part II – NCS Damage States

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 771-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elide Pantoli ◽  
Michelle C. Chen ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Rodrigo Astroza ◽  
Hamed Ebrahimian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
System Level ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Nonstructural Components ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Nonstructural Systems ◽  
Damage States ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Unique Dataset

Nonstructural components and systems (NCSs) provide little to no load bearing capacity to a building; however, they are essential to support its operability. As a result, 75–85% of the initial building financial investment is associated with these elements. The vulnerability of NCSs even during low intensity earthquakes is repeatedly exposed, resulting in large economic losses, disruption of building functionality, and concerns for life safety. This paper describes and classifies damage to NCSs observed during landmark shake table tests of a full-scale five-story reinforced concrete building furnished with a broad variety of NCSs. This system-level test program provides a unique dataset due to the completeness and complexity of the investigated NCSs. Results highlight that the interactions between disparate nonstructural systems, in particular displacement compatibility, as well as the interactions between the NCSs and the building structure often govern their seismic performance.

Thermal Hydrolysis Full Scale System Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Todd O Williams ◽  
Peter Burrowes ◽  
Marialena Hatzigeorgiou
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis

Validation of CATHARE V2.5 Thermal-Hydraulic Code Against Full-Scale PERSEO Tests for Decay Heat Removal in LWRs

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomino Bandini ◽  
Paride Meloni ◽  
Massimiliano Polidori ◽  
Calogera Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Decay Heat ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reserve Pool ◽  
Large Water ◽  
Safety Systems

The PERSEO experimental program was performed in the framework of a domestic research program on innovative safety systems with the purpose to increase the reliability of passive decay heat removal systems implementing in-pool heat exchangers. The conceived system was tested at SIET laboratories by modifying the existing PANTHERS IC-PCC facility utilized in the past for testing a full scale module of the GE-SBWR in-pool heat exchanger. Integral tests and stability tests were conducted to verify the operating principles, the steadiness and the effectiveness of the system. Two of the more representative tests have been analyzed with CATHARE V2.5 for code validation purposes. The paper deals with the comparison of code results against experimental data. The capabilities and the limits of the code in simulating such kind of tests are highlighted. An improvement in the modeling of the large water reserve pool is suggested trying to reduce the discrepancies observed between code results and test measurements.

Full scale test of a PC bridge to calibrate assessment methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Bagge ◽  
Jonny Nilimaa ◽  
Silvia Sarmiento ◽  
Arto Puurula ◽  
Jaime Gonzalez-Libreros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Existing Bridges

<p>In this paper, experiences on the development of an assessment method for existing bridges are presented. The method is calibrated using the results of full-scale testing to failure of a prestressed bridge in Sweden. To evaluate the key parameters for the structural response, measured by deflections, strains in tendons and stirrups and crack openings, a sensitivity study based on the concept of fractional factorial design is incorporated to the assessment. Results showed that the most significant parameters are related to the tensile properties of the concrete (tensile strength and fracture energy) and the boundary conditions. A finite element (FE) model in which the results of the sensitivity analysis were applied, was able to predict accurately the load-carrying capacity of the bridge and its failure mode. Two additional existing prestressed concrete bridges, that will be used to improve further the method, are also described, and discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Peeling Investigation on Aged Multi-Layer Anti-Shatter Safety Films (ASFs) for Structural Glass Retrofit

Symmetry ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Silvana Mattei ◽  
Luca Cozzarini ◽  
Chiara Bedon
Keyword(s):  
Young Modulus ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Structural Glass ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pet Films

Anti-shatter safety films (ASFs) are often used for structural glass applications. The goal is to improve the response of monolithic elements and prevent fragments from shattering. Thus, the main reason behind their use is the possibility to upgrade safety levels against the brittle failure of glass and minimize the number of possible injuries. However, the impact response of glass elements bonded with Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-films and pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) still represents a research topic of open discussion. Major challenges derive from material characterization and asymmetrical variability under design loads and ageing. In particular, the measurement of interface mechanical characteristics for the adhesive layer in contact with glass is a primary parameter for the ASF choice optimization. For this reason, the present paper presents an experimental campaign aimed at calibrating some basic mechanical parameters that provide the characterization of constitutive models, such as tensile properties (yielding stress and Young modulus) for PET-film and adhesive properties for PSA (energy fracture and peel force). In doing so, both tensile tests for PET-films and peeling specimens are taken into account for a commercially available ASF, given that the peeling test protocol is one of most common methods for the definition of adhesion properties. Moreover, an extensive calibration of the Finite Element (FE) model is performed in order to conduct a parametric numerical analysis of ASF bonded glass solutions. Furthermore, a Kinloch approach typically used to determine the fracture energy of a given tape by considering a variable peel angle, is also adopted to compare the outcomes of calibration analyses and FE investigations on the tested specimens. Finally, a study of the effect of multiple aspects is also presented. The results of the experimental program and the following considerations confirm the rate dependence and ageing dependence in peel tests.

Structural Response of Full‐Scale Concrete Box Culvert

1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (11) ◽  
pp. 3238-3254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Abdel‐Karim ◽  
Maher K. Tadros ◽  
Joseph V. Benak
Keyword(s):  
Structural Response ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Box Culvert

scholarly journals Comprehensive assessment of system performance in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant with an anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic membrane bioreactor combined with the ozonation process

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-698
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Yihui Wu ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
Zhiping Li ◽  
Guangxue Wu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Ozonation Process

Abstract The system performance, economic cost and environmental impact of a full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic/membrane bioreactor (3AMBR) combined with the ozonation process were evaluated. The 3AMBR/ozonation process removed biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids, NH4-N and total phosphorus efficiently, with removal percentages above 94%, while the total nitrogen removal percentage was only 70%. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that hydraulic retention time (HRT) had a significant effect on nitrogen removal. A low HRT benefited nitrogen removal. Ferrous sulfate dosage close to the optimal value and a high mixed liquid suspended solid could enhance the phosphorus removal. The electricity cost accounted for 88% of the total economic costs. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the BOD oxidation and endogenous decay accounted for more than 50% of total emissions. The second largest GHG emission source was electricity consumption, accounting for 41%. The key to reduce the eutrophication was to enhance nitrogen removal. The composite cost of the 3AMBR/ozonation process was 251 CNY/t CODeq removed, among which economic cost accounted for 82.5%, while environmental impact cost accounted for a small proportion.

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