scholarly journals Stigmatised attitudes towards the ‘stressed’ or ‘ill’ models of mental illness

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 370-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Luty ◽  
Joby Maducolil Easow ◽  
Vania Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Stigma Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk

Aims and methodTackling discrimination, stigma and inequalities in mental health is a major objective of the UK government. The project aimed to determine the effect of presenting a person with a mental illness as having either a biological illness or a disorder that arose from psychosocial stress to a randomised representative panel of members of the general public. The 20-point Attitude to Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMIQ) was used to assess stigmatised attitudes.ResultsOverall, 187 individuals returned their questionnaires (74% response rate). The mean AMIQ stigma score for the ‘ill’ group was 1.4 (s.e. = 0.3; n = 94). The mean AMIQ score for the ‘stress’ group was 0.5 (s.e. = 0.3; median n = 106; P = 0.0837, median difference = 1; power (for 5% significance) 81%).Clinical implicationsThere was no difference in the stigmatised attitudes towards a person with mental illness regardless of whether they were presented as biologically ill or as having an illness that was a response to psychosocial stress.

scholarly journals Impact of positive images of a person with intellectual disability on attitudes: randomised controlled trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabu John Varughese ◽  
Vania Mendes ◽  
Jason Luty
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Stigma Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Aims and methodTackling discrimination, stigma and inequalities in mental health is a major UK government objective yet people with intellectual disability (also known as learning disability in UK health services) continue to suffer serious stigma and discrimination. We examine the effect of viewing pictures of a person with intellectual disability on stigmatised attitudes. The 20-point Attitude to Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMIQ) was used to assess stigmatised attitudes. Members of the general public were randomised to complete the questionnaire having looked at a good (attractive) or bad (unattractive) photograph of a person with intellectual disability.ResultsQuestionnaires were received from 187 participants (response rate 74%). The mean AMIQ stigma score for the bad photo group was 1.3 (s.e. = 0.3, median 1, interquartile range (IQR) = 0–3,n= 82). The mean AMIQ score for the good photo group was 2.8 (s.e. = 0.3, median 3, IQR = 1–5,n= 105). The difference in AMIQ stigma score was highly significant (two-sidedP= 0.0001, median difference 2, Mann–WhitneyU-test).Clinical implicationsLooking at a good (attractive) picture of a person with intellectual disability significantly reduces reported stigmatised attitudes, whereas a bad (unattractive) picture has no effect.

scholarly journals Stigmatised attitudes towards intellectual disability: a randomised crossover trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabu John Varughese ◽  
Jason Luty
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Mean

Aims and methodTackling discrimination, stigma and inequalities in mental health is a major UK government objective yet people with intellectual disabilities continue to suffer serious stigma and discrimination. The project aimed to determine the effect of viewing a picture of a person with intellectual disability on stigmatised attitudes. The 20-point Attitude to Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMIQ) was used and a representative panel of members of the general public were randomised to complete the questionnaire either with (experimental) or without (control) looking at a picture of a man with Down syndrome. Six months later the same experiment was performed with the groups crossed over.ResultsResults were received for 360 participants (response rate 87–93%). The sequence (control or experimental) had no significant effect on the outcome. The mean AMIQ score in the control groups was 1.56 (s.d. = 2.85, s.e. = 0.21,n=186) and in the experiment group (after looking at the pictures) was 2.43 (s.d. = 2.59, s.e. = 0.12,n= 174; median difference 1,P= 0.0016 Mann-WhitneyU-test; effect size 0.23).Clinical implicationsLooking at a picture of a man with Down syndrome significantly reduces reported stigmatised attitudes.

Retirement intentions of older consultant psychiatrists

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Mears ◽  
Tim Kendall ◽  
Cornelius Katona ◽  
Carole Pashley ◽  
Sarah Pajak
Keyword(s):  
Early Retirement ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Consultant Psychiatrist ◽  
Health Officer ◽  
Decisions To Leave ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Retirement Intentions

Aims and MethodThis survey gathered data on the retirement intentions of consultant psychiatrists over the age of 50 years, in order to address retention issues. A questionnaire was sent to all 1438 consultants over this age in the UK.ResultsA total of 848 questionnaires were returned, an adjusted response rate of 59%. The mean age at which consultants intended to retire in this sample was 60 years (s.d. 4.16), suggesting a potential loss of 5725 consultant years. Reasons for early retirement are complex: factors encouraging retirement include too much bureaucracy, lack of free time and heavy case-loads; those discouraging retirement include enjoyment of work, having a good team and money. Mental Health Officer status is an important determinant in the decision to retire early.Clinical ImplicationsWith numerous vacancies in consultant psychiatrist posts throughout the UK, premature retirement is a cause for concern, possibly contributing to an overall reduction in consultant numbers of 5%. Addressing factors that influence consultants' decisions to leave the health service early should form an important part of an overall strategy to increase consultant numbers.

scholarly journals Civil and forensic patients in secure psychiatric settings: A comparison

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuwan Galappathie ◽  
Sobia Tamim Khan ◽  
Amina Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Forensic Patients ◽  
Adult Services ◽  
Frequent Episodes ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Uk

Aims and methodTo evaluate differences between male patients in secure psychiatric settings in the UK based on whether they are detained under civil or forensic sections of the Mental Health Act 1983. A cohort of patients discharged from a secure psychiatric hospital were evaluated for length of stay and frequency of risk-related incidents.ResultsOverall, 84 patients were included in the study: 52 in the forensic group and 32 in the civil group. Civil patients had more frequent incidents of aggression, sex offending, fire-setting and vulnerability, whereas forensic patients had more frequent episodes of self-harm.Clinical implicationsSecure hospitals should ensure treatment programmes are tailored to each patient's needs. Civil patients require greater emphasis on treatment of their mental illness, whereas forensic patients have additional offence-related treatment needs. Regular liaison between forensic and general adult services is essential to help ensure patients can return to appropriate settings at the earliest opportunity in their recovery.

scholarly journals Availability and acceptability of home treatment for acute psychiatric disorders

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Owen ◽  
S. P. Sashidharan ◽  
Lyse J. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Home Treatment ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Do So ◽  
Future Plans

Aims and MethodsTo ascertain current levels of access to home treatment for those with acute mental illness and future plans of trusts and purchasing authorities to provide such services. Also, to assess the attitudes of these organisations towards this form of treatment. A postal survey of all mental health trusts and purchasing authorities within the UK was carried out.ResultsOne hundred and seventy-two trusts and 82 health authorities returned questionnaires, representing a response rate of 75% and 67% respectively. Only 27 (16%) of trusts provided home treatment but 58 (40%) had plans to do so. All health authorities and 97% of trusts were in favour of the principle of providing home treatment.Clinical ImplicationsDespite the low levels of provision of home treatment trusts and health authorities were strongly in favourof it. There is likely to be a large increase in its availability over the next 12 months.

scholarly journals Stigma associated with and attitude regarding mental health help-seeking among undergraduate nursing students in Karachi, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salima Farooq ◽  
Yasmin Parpio ◽  
Saadia Sattar ◽  
Zahra Ali ◽  
Shirin Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing Students ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Globally, the prevalence of mental illness amongst university students is a major concern; same is the case with nursing students. Unaddressed mental illness stigma contributes towards hiding of symptoms hampers timely identification of the disease, and leads to reluctance in attitude towards seeking help. This study determined personal and perceived depression stigma and attitude towards help-seeking behaviors and its associated factors, among undergraduate nursing students at a private nursing institution in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study by recruiting 246 first and second-Year undergraduate nursing students using consecutive sampling. Data were collected using the Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) and the Attitude toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPHS), along with a demographic questionnaire. Chi-square test, Fischer’s exact test and student T test were used to determine significance of difference of each response between first and second year students. Multiple linear regression was employed to determine predictors of DSS and ATSPPHS. Approval was obtained from the university’s Ethics Review Committee. Results The study findings revealed that the mean scores of the personal and perceived stigma scales were 29.7 ± 4.9 and 24.3 ± 6.1, respectively. The mean score of ATSPPHS was 16.5 ± 3.8. The participants reported a mean openness score of7.8 ± 2.6 and a value scale score of 8.7 ± 3.0. A history of psychiatric illness, current living arrangements, and personal depression stigma were found to be significant predictors of ATSPHHS. The year of study was a significant predictor of personal depression stigma whereas both years of study and the current living arrangements were significantly associated with perceived depression stigma. Conclusion Attitude towards seeking help for mental illness was significantly influenced by personal and perceived stigma. Moreover, previous history of psychiatric illness and living arrangements also predicted attitudes towards seeking help. In order to encourage positive attitudes towards seeking help for students’ well-being, it is essential to destigmatize mental health issues by adapting context-based, individualized, and group mental health interventions.

scholarly journals Bibliotherapy for Mental Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Jennifer Yontz-Orlando
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Uk

The United States is facing an epidemic of mental illness, affecting nearly 60 million Americans annually (http://www.nami.org/ ). The World Health Organization describes mental health as “a long neglected problem” and has established an action plan for 2013-2020 (http://www.who.int/mental_health/action_plan_2013/en/). One way to combat mental illness is through bibliotherapy, which is the use of written materials including fiction, nonfiction, and poetry to support emotional and psychiatric healing.Bibliotherapy has been in existence since ancient times, but began in earnest in the United States in the 1850’s during the “Great Awakening.” At that time, mental illness began to be seen as a medical condition rather than a supernatural phenomenon. Since then, due to the changing nature of our institutions, interest in bibliotherapy waned until the 1950’s when there was a slight resurgence in its practice. However, in the last 20 years, bibliotherapy has gained a stronghold in the United Kingdom. To relieve the stress of an overcrowded mental health system, public policy in the UK has supported the use of bibliotherapy in a variety of its institutions. There are many ways to conduct bibliotherapy, but studies show that when the process is interactive, such as in a support group setting, the results are better. Also, bibliotherapy can be conducted by many sorts of professionals, including doctors, therapists, social workers, teachers, and librarians. Studies also show that when the bibliotherapists are trained in the best practices of bibliotherapy, results improve. Bibliotherapy is an effective, low-cost alternative for people in need of therapeutic assistance. The UK model should be studied and implemented in the United States and in other nations to help solve the mental health crisis.

Health promotion and mental health

2018 ◽  
pp. 141-172
Author(s):  
Colin Palfrey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Promotion ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Scottish Health Survey ◽  
Promotion Strategies ◽  
Mental Health Foundation ◽  
The Uk

This chapter examines health promotion campaigns and policies designed to raise the profile of mental health, and more specifically to help those suffering from mental illness. It begins with an overview of mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, and personality disorders. It then considers the NHS policy on mental health; the mental health promotion strategies in the UK, including the Scottish Health Survey of 2016, the All Wales Mental Health Promotion Network, and the Mental Health Foundation report in Northern Ireland; the implications of the coexistence of physical and mental illness for policy makers and practitioners; and mental health charities such as Anxiety UK, Centre for Mental Health, Rethink Mental Illness, SANE and Time to Change. The chapter also discusses various mental health promotion strategies throughout the UK, locations for mental health promotion, and economic evaluations of mental health promotion.

scholarly journals Police involvement, characteristics and outcomes of place of safety referrals in the Scottish Highlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 244-250
Author(s):  
Struan Simpson ◽  
Jude Eze
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
Risk Areas

Aims and methodTo characterise police involvement with those detained under place of safety legislation and determine factors associated with admission to hospital. Place of safety referrals over a 1-year period were identified retrospectively and evaluated.ResultsPlace of safety legislation is generally used with regard to concerns about suicide. Individuals are often removed from high-risk areas and referrals to police are frequently initiated by individuals themselves. A diagnosis of mental illness or personality disorder predicted hospital admission. Presence of senior nursing staff at assessment, but not the seniority of the doctor, was associated with discharge.Clinical implicationsCloser multiagency working is required as police are currently being recruited to fill a void between mental health services and the population they serve. Junior doctors require more senior support in making complex, and often risky, emergency management decisions with this population.

Mental health services for single homeless people

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Philip Timms ◽  
Jenny Drife
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Background Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARY Homelessness has long been associated with high rates of psychosis, alcohol and substance misuse, and personality disorder. However, psychiatric services in the UK have only recently engaged actively with homeless people. This article provides some background information about homelessness and mental illness and describes the elements of inclusion health and some of the models of service for homeless people that have been established over the past 30 years.

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