scholarly journals Oedipus to Jack the Ripper

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 497-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Combe ◽  
Sara Cunningham ◽  
Anne Read

Since the first journal clubs were started this educational tool has been used by the medical profession with varying degrees of success (Linzer, 1987). Journal clubs allow trainees to review a piece of published research and discuss it with senior colleagues. They are frequently plagued by poor attendance and perceived as less than exciting, and at worst frankly boring. The enormous choice of journals compared with 100 years ago and the diversity of the media available mean that journal clubs should look towards developing in their format. Various methods have been tried to improve attendance, perceived relevance and enjoyment, such as evidence-based medicine reviews (Gilbody, 1996), teaching critical appraisal skills, and using structured review methods (Burstein et al, 1996). Sidorov (1995) surveyed 131 postgraduate programmes in the eastern USA and found the following features were associated with high attendance and continuous existence of journal clubs: smaller residency programmes, making attendance mandatory, providing food and promoting original research articles.

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 810-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Jansen ◽  
Peter Ellerton

In recent decades, evidence-based medicine has become one of the foundations of clinical practice, making it necessary that healthcare practitioners develop keen critical appraisal skills for scientific papers. Worksheets to guide clinicians through this critical appraisal are often used in journal clubs, a key part of continuing medical education. A similar need is arising for health professionals to develop skills in the critical appraisal of medical ethics papers. Medicine is increasingly ethically complex, and there is a growing medical ethics literature that modern practitioners need to be able to use in their practice. In addition, clinical ethics services are commonplace in healthcare institutions, and the lion’s share of the work done by these services is done by clinicians in addition to their usual roles. Education to support this work is important. In this paper, we present a worksheet designed to help busy healthcare practitioners critically appraise ethics papers relevant to clinical practice. In the first section, we explain what is different about ethics papers. We then describe how to work through the steps in our critical appraisal worksheet: identifying the point at issue; scrutinising definitions; dissecting the arguments presented; considering counterarguments; and finally deciding on relevance. Working through this reflective worksheet will help healthcare practitioners to use the ethics literature effectively in clinical practice. We also intend it to be a shared evaluative tool that can form the basis of professional discussion such as at ethics journal clubs. Practising these critical reasoning skills will also increase practitioners’ capacity to think through difficult ethical decisions in daily clinical practice.


Author(s):  
Jo Thompson Coon ◽  
Rebecca Abbott

This chapter provides an introduction to the principles of critical appraisal and explains why critical appraisal skills are important in practice and research. Guidance is provided on how to approach the critical appraisal of different types of study including cross-sectional studies, case–control studies, cohort studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and qualitative studies. A worked example is provided at the end of the chapter to illustrate the process. Developing skills in critical appraisal will help readers to assess the credibility, relevance, and value of the results of research and is an essential component of practising evidence-based medicine.


2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. E98-E102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Ahmadi ◽  
Luc Dubois ◽  
Marg McKenzie ◽  
Carl Brown ◽  
Anthony MacLean ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrasheed Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed Mai ◽  
HyacinthN Mbibu ◽  
PhilipM Mshelbwala ◽  
MalachyE Asuku

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Ravneet Kaur ◽  
Nidhi Bhatnagar ◽  
Binod Kumar Patro

ABSTRACT Journal club (JC) is an effective and valuable tool in medical education. Critical reasoning and evidence based medicine practice are core competencies required by medical professionals. In times of today journal club offers several advan- tages, e.g. update with current literature, promote evidencebased medicine, demonstrate continuing medical education, learn critical appraisal skills and promote social interaction and debate. However, this tool remains largely underutilized. Practice of inappropriate methodology results in failure to achieve the intended outcomes. This report attempts to track the history of journal club, its types, current innovations made and role in medical education. It explores the potential utilization of this tool in times to come. How to cite this article Bhatnagar N, Kaur R, Patro BK. Journal Club: A Club for Medical Education! J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(1):43-45.


2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Alavi-Moghaddam ◽  
Shahram Yazdani ◽  
Fathie Mortazavi ◽  
Samira Chichi ◽  
Seyed-Mostafa Hosseini-Zijoud

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Lavorgna ◽  
Anna Di Ronco

Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs), here broadly intended as all those healthcare approaches developed outside standard science-based medicine, are increasingly the object of highly polarized public debates. Some CAMs can cause great social harm, with serious repercussions both on the health of people and on their confidence in the medical profession and the scientific method. This notwithstanding, criminologists have so far overlooked this issue. Based on the awareness that people’s perceptions of CAMs often depend on what they learn about them through the media, this exploratory study presents a longitudinal systematic analysis of media representations of CAMs in the Italian press. The results indicate that media have conveyed confused and ambivalent messages on the topic of CAMs, partly because of the lack of preparation of journalists on this subject and partly because of the insubstantial presence of the voices of experts and medical organizations in the press discourse. In addition, the study identifies avenues for further criminological research on this topic.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Antonio Marcos Andrade

Em 2005, o grego John Loannidis, professor da Universidade de Stanford, publicou um artigo na PLOS Medicine intitulado “Why most published research findings are false” [1]. Ele que é dos pioneiros da chamada “meta-ciência”, disciplina que analisa o trabalho de outros cientistas, avaliou se estão respeitando as regras fundamentais que definem a boa ciência. Esse trabalho foi visto com muito espanto e indignação por parte dos pesquisadores na época, pois colocava em xeque a credibilidade da ciência.Para muitos cientistas, isso acontece porque a forma de se produzir conhecimento ficou diferente, ao ponto que seria quase irreconhecível para os grandes gênios dos séculos passados. Antigamente, se analisavam os dados em estado bruto, os autores iam às academias reproduzir suas experiências diante de todos, mas agora isso se perdeu porque os estudos são baseados em seis milhões de folhas de dados. Outra questão importante que garantia a confiabilidade dos achados era que os cientistas, independentemente de suas titulações e da relevância de suas descobertas anteriores, tinham que demonstrar seus novos achados diante de seus pares que, por sua vez, as replicavam em seus laboratórios antes de dar credibilidade à nova descoberta. Contudo, na atualidade, essas garantias veem sendo esquecidas e com isso colocando em xeque a validade de muitos estudos na área de saúde.Preocupados com a baixa qualidade dos trabalhos atuais, um grupo de pesquisadores se reuniram em 2017 e construíram um documento manifesto que acabou de ser publicado no British Medical Journal “Evidence Based Medicine Manifesto for Better Health Care” [2]. O Documento é uma iniciativa para a melhoria da qualidade das evidências em saúde. Nele se discute as possíveis causas da pouca confiabilidade científica e são apresentadas algumas alternativas para a correção do atual cenário. Segundo seus autores, os problemas estão presentes nas diferentes fases da pesquisa:Fases da elaboração dos objetivos - Objetivos inúteis. Muito do que é produzido não tem impacto científico nem clínico. Isso porque os pesquisadores estão mais interessados em produzir um número grande de artigos do que gerar conhecimento. Quase 85% dos trabalhos não geram nenhum benefício direto a humanidade.Fase do delineamento do estudo - Estudos com amostras subdimensionados, que não previnem erros aleatórios. Métodos que não previnem erros sistemáticos (viés na escolha das amostras, falta de randomização correta, viés de confusão, desfechos muito abertos). Em torno de 35% dos pesquisadores assumem terem construídos seus métodos de maneira enviesada.Fase de análise dos dados - Trinta e cinco por cento dos pesquisadores assumem práticas inadequadas no momento de análise dos dados. Muitos assumem que durante esse processo realizam várias análises simultaneamente, e as que apresentam significância estatística são transformadas em objetivos no trabalho. As revistas também têm sua parcela de culpa nesse processo já que os trabalhos com resultados positivos são mais aceitos (2x mais) que trabalhos com resultados negativos.Fase de revisão do trabalho - Muitos revisores de saúde não foram treinados para reconhecer potenciais erros sistemáticos e aleatórios nos trabalhos.Em suma é necessário que pesquisadores e revistas científicas pensem nisso. Só assim, teremos evidências de maior qualidade, estimativas estatísticas adequadas, pensamento crítico e analítico desenvolvido e prevenção dos mais comuns vieses cognitivos do pensamento.


Author(s):  
Minna Anneli Sorsa ◽  
Jari Kylmä ◽  
Terese Elisabet Bondas

Perinatal psychological distress (PPD) may cause delays in help-seeking in the perinatal period, which is crucial for families with small children. Help-seeking theories focus on rational processes of behavior wherein ‘help-seeking’ is viewed as a decision-making process, in which action is preceded by recognizing a problem. We identified the phase prior to actual help-seeking actions as a life situation and a phenomenon through which to gain a deeper understanding from women’s own perspectives. The aim of this study was to integrate and synthesize knowledge of women’s experiences of contemplating seeking help for PPD. We chose interpretative meta-ethnography by Noblit and Hare (1988) and implemented eMERGe guidelines in reporting. The search was performed systematically, and the 14 included studies were evaluated with Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist (CASP). We identified seven themes and a metaphor in a lines-of-argument synthesis, showing that contemplating help-seeking is a multidimensional phenomenon. We did not observe a straightforward and linear process (as previous research suggests) but instead a complex process of contemplating help-seeking. A clinical implication is that service providers should work with outreach and develop their tools to connect with mothers with PPD. Another suggestion is to improve training in mental health literacy prior to or during pregnancy.


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