scholarly journals Psychotherapy patients: are they “the worried well”?

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Amies
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Minimum Amount ◽  
Completed Suicide

Patients waiting for psychotherapy show high levels of morbidity and distress from psychiatric symptoms and a high frequency of personality disorder diagnoses. They constitute a group at risk of completed suicide. Local NHS provision is less than half the minimum amount of treatment needed.

Early Identification of Youth at Risk for Suicidal Behavior

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Ivonne Andrea Florez ◽  
Devon LoParo ◽  
Nakia Valentine ◽  
Dorian A. Lamis
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Youth At Risk ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Lethal Means

Abstract. Background: Early identification and appropriate referral services are priorities to prevent suicide. Aims: The aim of this study was to describe patterns of identification and referrals among three behavioral health centers and determine whether youth demographic factors and type of training received by providers were associated with identification and referral patterns. Method: The Early Identification Referral Forms were used to gather the data of interest among 820 youth aged 10–24 years who were screened for suicide risk (females = 53.8%). Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regressions were conducted to examine significant associations. Results: Significant associations between gender, race, and age and screening positive for suicide were found. Age and race were significantly associated with different patterns of referrals and/or services received by youths. For providers, being trained in Counseling on Access to Lethal Means was positively associated with number of referrals to inpatient services. Limitations: The correlational nature of the study and lack of information about suicide risk and comorbidity of psychiatric symptoms limit the implications of the findings. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of considering demographic factors when identifying and referring youth at risk to ensure standard yet culturally appropriate procedures to prevent suicide.

Imaging the “At-Risk” Brain: Future Directions

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki S. Koyama ◽  
Adriana Di Martino ◽  
Francisco X. Castellanos ◽  
Erica J. Ho ◽  
Enitan Marcelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Individualized Medicine ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Diffusion Imaging ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Longitudinal Examination

AbstractObjectives: Clinical neuroscience is increasingly turning to imaging the human brain for answers to a range of questions and challenges. To date, the majority of studies have focused on the neural basis of current psychiatric symptoms, which can facilitate the identification of neurobiological markers for diagnosis. However, the increasing availability and feasibility of using imaging modalities, such as diffusion imaging and resting-state fMRI, enable longitudinal mapping of brain development. This shift in the field is opening the possibility of identifying predictive markers of risk or prognosis, and also represents a critical missing element for efforts to promote personalized or individualized medicine in psychiatry (i.e., stratified psychiatry). Methods: The present work provides a selective review of potentially high-yield populations for longitudinal examination with MRI, based upon our understanding of risk from epidemiologic studies and initial MRI findings. Results: Our discussion is organized into three topic areas: (1) practical considerations for establishing temporal precedence in psychiatric research; (2) readiness of the field for conducting longitudinal MRI, particularly for neurodevelopmental questions; and (3) illustrations of high-yield populations and time windows for examination that can be used to rapidly generate meaningful and useful data. Particular emphasis is placed on the implementation of time-appropriate, developmentally informed longitudinal designs, capable of facilitating the identification of biomarkers predictive of risk and prognosis. Conclusions: Strategic longitudinal examination of the brain at-risk has the potential to bring the concepts of early intervention and prevention to psychiatry. (JINS, 2016, 22, 164–179)

Research Insights: Can Low-Cost Communication Technologies Bridge Information Gaps between Schools and Parents?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Berlinski ◽  
Matías Busso ◽  
Taryn Dinkelman ◽  
Claudia Martínez
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
At Risk Students ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
School Absenteeism ◽  
School Behavior ◽  
Percentage Points

We document large gaps between parents knowledge and school reports of students attendance and grades. Sending frequent text messages with information on attendance, grades and school behavior shrinks those gaps. Parents of at-risk students adjust their understanding of their children's performance to the greatest degree. High-frequency text messages had positive impacts on grades and attendance. Math GPA increased 0.08 of a standard deviation; the probability of earning a passing grade in math increased by 2.7 percentage points (relative to a mean of 90 percent). The intervention also reduced school absenteeism by 1 percentage point and increased the share of students who met attendance requirements for grade promotion by 4.5 percentage points.

1. How can we know if someone is a psychopath or is at risk of becoming one?

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-20
Author(s):  
Essi Viding
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
The Difference

What are individuals with psychopathy like and what are their defining features? ‘How can we know if someone is a psychopath or is at risk of becoming one?’ considers two case studies to give an idea of the developmental course of criminal psychopathy and what psychopathic personality traits look like. It discusses the Psychopathy Checklist, developed by Robert Hare in the 1980s, and explains the difference between antisocial personality disorder, sociopathy, and psychopathy. Research has shown that whether we look at criminal psychopaths, individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits in the general population, or children who are at risk of developing psychopathy, similar patterns of brain function and information processing are seen.

scholarly journals Identification of a distinct imaging phenotype may improve the management of palindromic rheumatism

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kulveer Mankia ◽  
Maria-Antonietta D’Agostino ◽  
Richard J Wakefield ◽  
Jackie L Nam ◽  
Waqar Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
Palindromic Rheumatism ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Citrullinated Peptide ◽  
New Onset

ObjectivesTo use high-resolution imaging to characterise palindromic rheumatism (PR) and to compare the imaging pattern observed to that seen in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis (NORA).MethodsUltrasound (US) assessment of synovitis, tenosynovitis and non-synovial extracapsular inflammation (ECI) was performed during and between flares in a prospective treatment-naive PR cohort. MRI of the flaring region was performed where possible. For comparison, the same US assessment was also performed in anticyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) positive individuals with musculoskeletal symptoms (CCP+ at risk) and patients with NORA.ResultsThirty-one of 79 patients with PR recruited were assessed during a flare. A high frequency of ECI was identified on US; 19/31 (61%) of patients had ECI including 12/19 (63%) in whom ECI was identified in the absence of synovitis. Only 7/31 (23%) patients with PR had synovitis (greyscale ≥1 and power Doppler ≥1) during flare. In the hands/wrists, ECI was more prevalent in PR compared with NORA and CCP+ at risk (65% vs 29 % vs 6%, p<0.05). Furthermore, ECI without synovitis was specific for PR (42% PR vs 4% NORA (p=0.003) and 6% CCP+ at risk (p=0.0012)). Eleven PR flares were captured by MRI, which was more sensitive than US for synovitis and ECI. 8/31 (26%) patients with PR developed RA and had a similar US phenotype to NORA at progression.ConclusionPR has a distinct US pattern characterised by reversible ECI, often without synovitis. In patients presenting with new joint swelling, US may refine management by distinguishing relapsing from persistent arthritis.

Personality Disorders and Psychiatric Symptoms in Psoriasis

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Alex Rubino ◽  
Alberto Sonnino ◽  
Bianca Pezzarossa ◽  
Nicola Ciani ◽  
Roberto Bassi
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory ◽  
Personality Disorder Scales

Two groups of psoriatic outpatients ( ns = 192 and 119) were given, respectively, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II and Foulds' Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory. They were compared with dental ( n = 192) and with general surgical ( n = 190) patients. The psoriatic group presented clearly higher mean scores and frequencies on most of the personality disorder scales. On Foulds' inventory, psoriatic patients showed higher frequencies of neurotic and psychotic class allocations. A cluster analysis of personality scores provided evidence for 4 different personality clusters of patients with psoriasis: (a) Avoidant, Dependent, Schizoid, and Self-defeating (32.2%), (b) Compulsive, Narcissistic, and Aggressive (30.7%), (c) no personality disorder (18.2%), (d) Borderline, Paranoid, and Schizotypal, etc. (18.8%).

Social function, clinical symptoms and personality disturbance

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ula Nur ◽  
Peter Tyrer ◽  
Stephen Merson ◽  
Tony Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Social Dysfunction ◽  
Personality Disturbance

AbstractObjectives: To investigate the relationship between psychiatric symptoms, personality disturbance, and social function.Method: Longitudinal study of 100 psychiatric patients presenting as emergencies originally entered to a randomised trial of community and hospital-based treatment strategies. Ratings of social function using the Social Functioning Questionnaire, personality status using the Personality Assessment Schedule, and clinical symptomatology using the Comprehensive Psycho-pathological Rating Scale were recorded at baseline with assessment of social function repeated at two, four and 12 weeks. Correlation, regression, and path analysis were performed to test the hypothesis that personality status had more influence than clinical symptoms on social function.Results: Path and regression analysis showed, that at baseline both psychopathology and personality pathology contributed to social dysfunction equally, but from two weeks onwards personality abnormality contributed to a greater degree than clinical psychopathology. Of the 100, 35 patients had a personality disorder and in these there was a strong correlation between social function scores at baseline and 12 weeks (48% of variation explained) whereas in those with no personality disorder the correlation was much weaker (14%); regression analyses confirmed this conclusion.Conclusions: Psychopathology and personality status contribute to social dysfunction in patients presenting as emergencies but persistent social dysfunction is more likely to reflect personality pathology than other forms of mental disorder.

Openness to Experience and Completed Suicide Across the Second Half of Life

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Duberstein
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Behavioral Repertoire ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
And Gender

Personality data gathered in a psychological autopsy study indicate that completed suicides obtain higher neuroticism scores than age- and gender-matched controls. Older suicide victims obtained lower openness to experience (OTE) scores than both younger suicide victims and normal controls. Although the role of neuroticism and negative affect in psychopathology has been discussed extensively, OTE has been accurded relatively little attention in the psychiatric literature. The apparent role of OTE in completed suicide warrants its closer examination. In this article, I offer the testable hypotheses that persons low in OTE are at risk for taking their own lives because their affective dampening, cognitive certainty, diminished behavioral repertoire, and rigidly defined self-concept have decreased their capacity to adapt to the expectable age-associated changes in role, health, and function that accumulate over time. Concrete thinking and excessive focus on proximal, low-level goals place them at risk for descending into states of suicidal meaninglessness in times of stress or crisis. This state of awareness increases the desirability of suicide as an action oriented solution to the stressors of aging. Other lines of investigation are suggested. These include research on OTE in attempted suicide; OTE and the neurobiology of suicidal behavior; OTE and gender differences in suicidal behavior; and clinical intervention designed to increase the degree to which one is open to experience.

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