scholarly journals Comorbid substance use and age at onset of schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. E. Barnes ◽  
Stanley H. Mutsatsa ◽  
Sam B. Hutton ◽  
Hilary C. Watt ◽  
Eileen M. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Reported Data

BackgroundSubstance use may be a risk factor for the onset of schizophrenia.AimsTo examine the association between substance use and age at onset in a UK, inner-city sample of people with recent-onset schizophrenia.MethodThe study sample consisted of 152 people recruited to the West London First-Episode Schizophrenia Study. Self-reported data on drug and alcohol use, as well as information on age at onset of psychosis, were collected. Mental state, cognition (IQ, memory and executive function) and social function were also assessed.ResultsIn total, 60% of the participants were smokers, 27% reported a history of problems with alcohol use, 35% reported current substance use (not including alcohol), and 68% reported lifetime substance use (cannabis and psychostimulants were most commonly used). Cannabis use and gender had independent effects on age at onset of psychosis, after adjusting for alcohol misuse and use of other drugs.ConclusionsThe strong association between self-reported cannabis use and earlier onset of psychosis provides further evidence that schizophrenia may be precipitated by cannabis use and/or that the early onset of symptoms is a risk factor for cannabis use.

scholarly journals Age at onset of non-affective psychosis in relation to cannabis use, other drug use and gender

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1903-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dekker ◽  
J. Meijer ◽  
M. Koeter ◽  
W. van den Brink ◽  
N. van Beveren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Independent Effects

BackgroundCannabis use is associated with an earlier age at onset of psychotic illness. The aim of the present study was to examine whether this association is confounded by gender or other substance use in a large cohort of patients with a non-affective psychotic disorder.MethodIn 785 patients with a non-affective psychotic disorder, regression analysis was used to investigate the independent effects of gender, cannabis use and other drug use on age at onset of first psychosis.ResultsAge at onset was 1.8 years earlier in cannabis users compared to non-users, controlling for gender and other possible confounders. Use of other drugs did not have an additional effect on age at onset when cannabis use was taken into account. In 63.5% of cannabis-using patients, age at most intense cannabis use preceded the age at onset of first psychosis. In males, the mean age at onset was 1.3 years lower than in females, controlling for cannabis use and other confounders.ConclusionsCannabis use and gender are independently associated with an earlier onset of psychotic illness. Our findings also suggest that cannabis use may precipitate psychosis. More research is needed to clarify the neurobiological factors that make people vulnerable to this precipitating effect of cannabis.

scholarly journals The influence of the comorbidity between depression and alcohol use disorder on suicidal behaviors in the São Paulo Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Mendonça Coêlho ◽  
Laura Helena Andrade ◽  
Francisco Bevilacqua Guarniero ◽  
Yuan-Pang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Gender

OBJECTIVE: To investigate in a community sample the association of suicide-related cognitions and behaviors ("thoughts of death", "desire for death", "suicidal thoughts", and "suicidal attempts") with the comorbidity of depressive disorders (major depressive episode or dysthymia) and alcohol or substance use disorders. METHOD: The sample was 1464 subjects interviewed in their homes using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to generate DSM-III-R diagnosis. Descriptive statistics depicted the prevalence of suicide-related cognitions and behaviors by socio-demographic variables and diagnoses considered (major depressive episode, dysthymia, alcohol or substance use disorders). We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to estimate the effect of comorbid major depressive episode/dysthymia and alcohol or substance use disorders on each of the suicide-related cognitions and behaviors. RESULTS: The presence of major depressive episode and dysthymia was significantly associated with suicide-related cognitions and behaviors. In the regression models, suicide-related cognitions and behaviors were predicted by major depressive episode (OR = range 2.3-9.2) and dysthymia (OR = range 5.1-32.6), even in the presence of alcohol use disorders (OR = range 2.3-4.0) or alcohol or substance use disorders (OR = range 2.7-2.8). The interaction effect was observed between major depressive episode and alcohol use disorders, as well as between dysthymia and gender. Substance use disorders were excluded from most of the models. CONCLUSION: Presence of major depressive episode and dysthymia influences suicide-related cognitions and behaviors, independently of the presence of alcohol or substance use disorders. However, alcohol use disorders and gender interact with depressive disorders, displaying a differential effect on suicide-related cognitions and behaviors.

scholarly journals Are cannabis use disorders associated with an earlier age at onset of psychosis? A study in first episode schizophrenia

2010 ◽  
Vol 120 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Sevy ◽  
Delbert G. Robinson ◽  
Barbara Napolitano ◽  
Raman C. Patel ◽  
Handan Gunduz-Bruce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorders ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Measuring Readiness to Change Substance Use, Alcohol Use, and Cannabis Use: An Experimental Manipulation of Cognitive Effort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J Schwebel ◽  
Jude G. Chavez ◽  
Matthew Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Negative Consequences

The Transtheoretical Model supports that readiness to change should predict actual substance-related behavior change, though this relationship is surprisingly modest. Across several behavioral domains, individuals tend to have unrealistic expectations regarding the amount of effort and time required to successfully change one’s behaviors, dubbed the False Hope Syndrome. Based on the False Hope Syndrome, we expect that the standard method of measuring self-reported readiness to change is inaccurate and overestimated. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally manipulated the level of cognitive effort or focus on the practical implications of changing substance use prior to completing readiness to change measures. College students from a large southwestern university who reported using substances in the past 30 days (n = 345) were recruited from a psychology department participant pool to complete this experimental study online. Participants were randomized to one of three conditions: 1) standard low effort condition, 2) medium effort condition (had to select likes/dislikes of substance use, and negative consequences of changing one’s use), and 3) high effort condition (also provided text responses to how they would handle difficult situations related to changing their substance use). We conducted one-way ANOVAs with Tukey post-hoc comparisons to examine differences on three measures of readiness to change: the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) scale for overall substance use as well as the readiness and motivation rulers for overall substance use, alcohol use, and cannabis use. Contrary to our hypothesis, all significant statistical tests supported higher cognitive effort conditions reporting higher readiness to change. Although effect sizes were modest, higher cognitive effort appeared to increase self-reported readiness to change substance use. To address the present study’s limitations, additional work is needed to test how self-reported readiness to change relates to actual behavior change when assessed under the different effort conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of mental health and substance use disorder symptoms on the association between STDs and sexual identity: evidence from the 2017–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Adzrago ◽  
Samuel H. Nyarko ◽  
Nnenna Ananaba ◽  
Christine Markham
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Sexually transmitted disease (STD) cases are rising in the USA, especially among sexual and gender minorities, despite the availability of numerous STD prevention programs. We examined the differences in STD prevalence among sexual and gender minority subgroups with major depressive episode symptoms and substance use dependence. Methods We combined 2017, 2018, and 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) public-use data on adults (N = 127,584) to conduct weighted multivariable logistic regression and margins analyses. Results Approximately 2.05% of the population reported having STDs. The population that had major depressive episode symptoms (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.46, 1.99), alcohol use dependence (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.49, 2.16), illicit drug use other than marijuana use dependence (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.73, 2.92), or marijuana use dependence (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.57, 2.31) had higher odds of contracting STDs compared to their counterparts. Lesbian/gay (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI = 2.24, 3.54) and bisexual (AOR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.60, 2.37) individuals had higher odds of contracting STDs. Lesbians/gays with major depressive episode symptoms, alcohol use dependence, or illicit drug use other than marijuana use dependence had the highest probability of having STDs, compared to bisexuals and heterosexuals with major depressive episode symptoms, alcohol use, or illicit drug use other than marijuana use dependence. Bisexuals with marijuana use dependence had the highest probability of STD contraction compared to their lesbian/gay and heterosexual counterparts. Within each sexual identity subgroup, the probability of having STDs was higher for individuals with major depressive episode symptoms, or dependence on alcohol use, illicit drug use other than marijuana use, or marijuana use compared to their counterparts. Conclusion Major depressive episode symptoms, substance use dependence, and sexual and gender minority status had higher risks for STD diagnosis, particularly for sexual and gender minorities with major depressive episode symptoms or substance use dependence. Tailored interventions based on major depressive episode symptoms and substance use dependence may reduce the prevalence of STD, especially among sexual and gender minorities.

The Severity of Personality Pathology: A Risk Factor for Concurrent Substance Use Disorders in Alcohol Use Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cavicchioli ◽  
Francesca Prudenziati ◽  
Mariagrazia Movalli ◽  
Pietro Ramella ◽  
Cesare Maffei
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Personality Pathology

scholarly journals A systematic review of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and substance use in adolescents and emerging adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley B West ◽  
Kelsey M Bittel ◽  
Michael A Russell ◽  
M Blair Evans ◽  
Scherezade K Mama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Multiple Behavior Change

Abstract The transition from adolescence into emerging adulthood is marked by changes in both physical activity and substance use. This systematic review characterized associations between movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior) and frequently used substances (alcohol, cannabis) among adolescents and emerging adults to inform lifestyle interventions that target multiple behavior change outcomes. This systematic review was guided by PRISMA. Electronic databases of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched from inception through June 25, 2019. The search was designed to identify empirical studies reporting an association between physical activity or sedentary behavior and alcohol or cannabis, with search criteria determining eligibility based on several sampling characteristics (e.g., participants under 25 years of age). After identifying and screening 5,610 studies, data were extracted from 97 studies. Physical activity was positively associated with alcohol use among emerging adults, but the literature was mixed among adolescents. Sedentary behavior was positively associated with alcohol and cannabis use among adolescents, but evidence was limited among emerging adults. Self-report measures were used in all but one study to assess these behaviors. Physical activity is linked to greater alcohol use among emerging adults. Whereas existing studies demonstrate that sedentary behavior might serve as a risk marker for alcohol and cannabis use among adolescents, additional primary research is needed to explore these associations in emerging adults. Future work should also use device-based measures to account for timing of and contextual features surrounding activity and substance use in these populations.

scholarly journals The Effect of Cannabis Use and Cognitive Reserve on Age at Onset and Psychosis Outcomes in First-Episode Schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Leeson ◽  
I. Harrison ◽  
M. A. Ron ◽  
T. R. E. Barnes ◽  
E. M. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Episode ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Violence and self-harm in severe mental illness: inpatient study of associations with ethnicity, cannabis and alcohol

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vajira Dharmawardene ◽  
David B Menkes
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Severely Mentally Ill ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
History Of Violence

Objective: We examined the extent to which ethnicity, cannabis and alcohol use could predict prevalence of violence and self-harm in an inpatient psychiatric sample. Method: We collected demographic and clinical data in a series of 141 adult psychiatric inpatients in Hamilton, New Zealand. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test, Revised (CUDIT-R) were used to measure substance use. Clinical assessment and file review were used to verify histories of self-harm and violence. Results: It was found that 66% had a history of violence, 54% of self-harm, and 40% of both; only 20% had neither. Cannabis use was found to significantly predict lifetime history of violence ( p = 0.02); other independent variables (gender, age, ethnicity, alcohol use, psychiatric diagnosis) did not. Self-harm was strikingly predicted by female gender ( p < 0.001), as well as by measures both of cannabis ( p = 0.025) and alcohol use ( p = 0.036); age, ethnicity and diagnosis did not reach significance. Less than 10% of patients were engaged with drug or alcohol services. Conclusions: Cannabis use is a significant predictor of lifetime violence among the severely mentally ill, while both alcohol and cannabis use predict self-harm. Few affected patients receive specific treatment for substance use comorbidity.

Motivational interviewing and interaction skills training for parents of young adults with recent-onset schizophrenia and co-occurring cannabis use: 15-month follow-up

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 2839-2848 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Smeerdijk ◽  
R. Keet ◽  
B. van Raaij ◽  
M. Koeter ◽  
D. Linszen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Parental Distress ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Interaction Skills

BackgroundThere is a clear need for effective interventions to reduce cannabis use in patients with first-episode psychosis. This follow-up of a randomized trial examined whether an intervention for parents, based on motivational interviewing and interaction skills (Family Motivational Intervention, FMI), was more effective than routine family support (RFS) in reducing cannabis use in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia.MethodIn a single-blind trial with 75 patients in treatment for recent-onset schizophrenia, 97 parents were randomly assigned to either FMI or RFS. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at 3 and 15 months after the interventions had been ended. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis using mixed-effect regression models.ResultsFrom baseline to the 15-month follow-up, there was a significantly greater reduction in FMI compared to RFS in patients’ quantity (p = 0.01) and frequency (p < 0.01) of cannabis use. Patients’ craving for cannabis use was also significantly lower in FMI at 15 months follow-up (p < 0.01). Both groups improved in parental distress and sense of burden; however, only FMI parents’ appraisal of patients’ symptoms showed further improvement at the 15-month follow-up (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results support the sustained effectiveness of FMI in reducing cannabis use in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia at 15 months follow-up. Findings were not consistent with regard to the long-term superiority of FMI over RFS in reducing parents’ distress and sense of burden.

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