Desoxycortone Acetate and Ascorbic Acid in the Treatment of Schizophrenia

1951 ◽  
Vol 97 (407) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linford Rees ◽  
G. M. King
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex

During recent years there has been a revival of interest in the possible role of the adrenal cortex in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Cortisone in the Treatment of Schizophrenia

1952 ◽  
Vol 98 (412) ◽  
pp. 401-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linford Rees ◽  
G. M. King
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Consultant Physician ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Insulin Coma ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Insulin Coma Therapy ◽  
Normal Controls

Recent research has given rise to the hope that the secretory products of the adrenal cortex might be useful in the treatment of schizophrenia.Two main lines of research have stimulated renewed interest in the role of the adrenal cortex in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. A number of investigations have produced evidence that the responsivity of the adrenal cortex of schizophrenic patients to stress is lower than that of normal controls (Freeman et al., 1944; Hoagland et al., 1946; Pincus and Elmadjian, 1946; Pincus et al., 1949).Another series of investigations has shown that adrenocortical activity is stimulated by insulin coma therapy, electronarcosis and electroconvulsive therapy (Hemphill and Reiss, 1942; Mikkelsen and Hutchins, 1948; Rees (1949a); Parson et al., 1949).Cranswick and Hall (1950) reported that desoxycortone acetate and ascorbic acid appeared to be therapeutically valuable in schizophrenia. Rees and King (1951) carried out a controlled investigation on the treatment of schizophrenia with desoxycortone acetate and ascorbic acid, and found no evidence that the method was of any therapeutic value. It was pointed out that the investigation did not preclude the possibility that other products of the adrenal cortex might be therapeutically useful in schizophrenia.The present paper describes a controlled investigation in the therapeutic value of cortisone administration in schizophrenia.We are indebted to Dr. Ernest Evans, Consultant Physician, East Glamorgan Hospital, for making available a supply of cortisone for the investigation.

The Role of Ascorbic Acid in the Function of the Adrenal Cortex: Studies in Adrenocortical Cells in Culture*

Endocrinology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1264-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER J. HORNSBY ◽  
SANDRA E. HARRIS ◽  
KATHY A. ALDERN
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenocortical Cells ◽  
Cells In Culture

THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN RESTRAINT HYPOTHERMIA AND IN ADAPTATION TO THE STRESS OF RESTRAINT

1956 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. BARTLETT ◽  
M. A. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Adaptive Procedure ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude

SUMMARY The role of the adrenal cortex in restraint-induced hypothermia and in adaptation to the stress of restraint was investigated. There was an increase in ascorbic acid and a less marked increase in the cholesterol content of the adrenals accompanying 1 week's exposure to the stress of light restraint to produce adaptation, as well as a decrease in the adrenal ascorbic acid and cholesterol levels accompanying restraintinduced hypothermia, but changes in adrenocortical activity were probably not of sufficient magnitude to account for either the increased thermostability after the adaptive procedure or the thermolability of the animals exposed to the short-term stress. It was also demonstrated that after a 7-day exposure to light restraint (to produce adaptation), adrenalectomized animals, maintained with isotonic salt solution or DCA, could not maintain a normal body temperature when restrained in the cold. Cortisone, whether administered alone or with DCA, permitted these adrenalectomized, adapted animals to maintain essentially normal body temperatures when exposed to restraint in the cold, indicating that adaptation had occurred.

An ESR study of the peroxidase reaction catalyzed by human methaemoglobin and methaemoglobin-haptoglobin complex

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-932
Author(s):  
Jana Stejskalová ◽  
Pavel Stopka ◽  
Zdeněk Pavlíček
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Esr Spectra ◽  
The Other ◽  
Delocalized Electron

The ESR spectra of peroxidase systems of methaemoglobin-ascorbic acid-hydrogen peroxide and methaemoglobin-haptoglobin complex-ascorbic acid-hydrogen peroxide have been measured in the acetate buffer of pH 4.5. For the system with methaemoglobin an asymmetrical signal with g ~ 2 has been observed which is interpreted as the perpendicular region of anisotropic spectrum of superoxide radical. On the other hand, for the system with methaemoglobin-haptoglobin complex the observed signal with g ~ 2 is symmetrical and is interpreted as a signal of delocalized electron. After realization of three repeatedly induced peroxidase processes the ESR signal of the perpendicular part of anisotropic spectrum of superoxide radical is distinctly diminished, whereas the signal of delocalized electron remains practically unchanged. An amino acid analysis of methaemoglobin along with results of the ESR measurements make it possible to derive a hypothesis about the role of haptoglobin in increasing of the peroxidase activity of methaemoglobin.

Ambivalent role of ascorbic acid in the metal-catalyzed oxidation of oligopeptides

2021 ◽  
pp. 111510
Author(s):  
Nikolett Bodnár ◽  
Katalin Várnagy ◽  
Lajos Nagy ◽  
Gizella Csire ◽  
Csilla Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Metal Catalyzed Oxidation ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

scholarly journals The role of ascorbic acid combined exposure on Imidacloprid-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Nile tilapia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam M. El-Garawani ◽  
Elsayed A. Khallaf ◽  
Alaa A. Alne-na-ei ◽  
Rehab G. Elgendy ◽  
Gaber A. M. Mersal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Gill Cells ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
Dna Strand

AbstractImidacloprid (Imid), a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, is broadly used worldwide. It is reported to contaminate aquatic systems. This study was proposed to evaluate oxidative stress and genotoxicity of Imid on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the protective effect of ascorbic acid (Asc). O. niloticus juveniles (30.4 ± 9.3 g, 11.9 ± 1.3 cm) were divided into six groups (n = 10/replicate). For 21 days, two groups were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Imid (8.75 ppm, 1/20 of 72 h-LC50 and 17.5 ppm, 1/10 of 72 h-LC50); other two groups were exposed to Asc (50 ppm) in combination with Imid (8.75 and 17.5 ppm); one group was exposed to Asc (50 ppm) in addition to a group of unexposed fish which served as controls. Oxidative stress was assessed in the liver where the level of enzymatic activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in addition to mRNA transcripts and, Lipid peroxidation (LPO) were evaluated. Moreover, mitotic index (MI) and comet assay were performed, in addition, the erythrocytic micronucleus (MN), and nuclear abnormalities (NA) were observed to assess genotoxicity in fish. Imid exposure induced significant (p ˂ 0.05) changes in the antioxidant profile of the juveniles' liver by increasing the activities and gene expression of SOD, CAT and GPX as well as elevating the levels of LPO. DNA strand breaks in gill cells, erythrocytes and hepatocytes along with erythrocytic MN and NA were also significantly elevated in Imid-exposed groups. MI showed a significant (p ˂ 0.05) decrease associated with Imid exposure. Asc administration induced a significant amelioration towards the Imid toxicity (8.75 and 17.5 ppm). A significant protective potency against the genotoxic effects of Imid was evidenced in Asc co-treated groups. Collectively, results highlight the importance of Asc as a protective agent against Imid-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in O. niloticus juveniles.

scholarly journals Vitamin C—Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Martin Doseděl ◽  
Eduard Jirkovský ◽  
Kateřina Macáková ◽  
Lenka Krčmová ◽  
Lenka Javorská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has been known as an antioxidant for most people. However, its physiological role is much larger and encompasses very different processes ranging from facilitation of iron absorption through involvement in hormones and carnitine synthesis for important roles in epigenetic processes. Contrarily, high doses act as a pro-oxidant than an anti-oxidant. This may also be the reason why plasma levels are meticulously regulated on the level of absorption and excretion in the kidney. Interestingly, most cells contain vitamin C in millimolar concentrations, which is much higher than its plasma concentrations, and compared to other vitamins. The role of vitamin C is well demonstrated by miscellaneous symptoms of its absence—scurvy. The only clinically well-documented indication for vitamin C is scurvy. The effects of vitamin C administration on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infections are rather minor or even debatable in the general population. Vitamin C is relatively safe, but caution should be given to the administration of high doses, which can cause overt side effects in some susceptible patients (e.g., oxalate renal stones). Lastly, analytical methods for its determination with advantages and pitfalls are also discussed in this review.

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