A Case of Periarteritis Nodosa of the Central Nervous System

1950 ◽  
Vol 96 (403) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavis E. Mackay ◽  
Turner McLardy ◽  
Cyril Harris
Keyword(s):  
Unusual Case ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Periarteritis Nodosa ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Pathological Report ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Exacerbation Of Symptoms

This is a clinical and pathological report on an unusual case of periarteritis nodosa in which the disease was confined chiefly to the brain and spinal cord. The diffuseness, variability and intermittency of the neurological signs and symptoms over a period of two years, in the absence of many of the more usual somatic manifestations of periarteritis nodosa, was responsible for the nature of the disorder not being diagnosed before death. Mental symptoms were prominent throughout the last year of illness. T.A.B. pyrexial therapy coincided with a marked remission in physical and mental symptoms, whilst arsenical therapy appeared to precipitate the terminal exacerbation of symptoms.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal nematodiasis outbreak in an urban outdoor aviary of cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) in southern California

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 994-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago S. Diab ◽  
Francisco A. Uzal ◽  
Federico Giannitti ◽  
H.L. Shivaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Lesion Site ◽  
Axonal Swelling ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Nymphicus Hollandicus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

An outbreak of cerebrospinal nematodiasis due to Baylisascaris sp. was documented in an urban outdoor aviary in southern California. Thirty-four out of 35 cockatiels ( Nymphicus hollandicus, 97%) showed a variety of neurological signs including ataxia, lateral recumbency, opisthotonus, and torticollis. Thirteen carcasses were submitted for necropsy; the histological lesions were restricted to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and were predominantly degenerative, characterized by multifocal white matter vacuolation, gliosis, axonal swelling, gitter cell infiltration, and mild hemorrhage, rarely accompanied by mild granulomatous inflammation and mild lymphocytic perivascular cuffs. Nematode larvae morphologically compatible with Baylisascaris sp. were observed in the brain of 5 birds, away from the lesion site.

Hemangiosarcoma in skin, brain and spinal cord of a bitch – case report

2018 ◽  
Vol XXIII (134) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Felipe Noleto de Paiva ◽  
Vitor Eduardo Arantes de Barros ◽  
Eric Saymom Andrade Brito ◽  
Adilson Donizeti Damasceno
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Hemangiosarcoma is a neoplasm which originates from the vascular endothelium, presenting itself in two distinct forms, visceral and non-visceral. The visceral form occurs mainly in the spleen, with main foci of metastasis in the lungs, liver, omentum and mesentery, affecting the central nervous system in rare cases. The present study reports on a case of hemangiosarcoma in a bitch, with cutaneous and central nervous system involvement. The animal presented important neurological signs with an acute clinical evolution, and was submitted to euthanasia. Necroscopic examination revealed multiple cutaneous nodules and masses in the brain and spinal cord, which were submitted to histopathological examination. The final diagnosis was hemangiosarcoma.

scholarly journals Pathological report on the histology of sleeping sickness and trypanosomiasis, with a comparison of the changes found in animals infected with T. Gambiense and other Trypanosomata

1906 ◽  
Vol 77 (516) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Sleeping Sickness ◽  
Glia Cells ◽  
Cervical Segment ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Thoracic Part ◽  
Pathological Report ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Three cases of Sleeping Sickness and one case of Trypanosomiasis dying in Liverpool have been histologically examined. The central nervous system of the sleeping sickness cases showed the changes described by different observers, Mott, Low, the Portuguese Commission and others. One case exhibited an intra-pial hæmorrhage of the spinal cord, extending from the sixth cervical segment to the third thoracic segment, about 7 mm. board. In another case there Occurred four larger hæmorrhages, besides numerous smaller ones, in the grey substance, chiefly affecting the posterior cornua and the thoracic part of the cord. Microscopically the brain and spinal cord showed small celled infiltration around the vessels, consisting for the most part of lymphocytes, Some plasma cells and phagocytes, between which were a Varying number of red cells in different stages of disintegration. The intima of the vessels showed a proliferation of the endothelial cells. Red and white blood corpuscles were often seen in the vessels walls. Here and there the blood vessels were filled with White blood corpuscles resembling a thrombosis. It is most striking that the small celled infiltration is much more marked in the grey substance of the nervous centres, especially in the large grey ganglia, than in the peripheral parts. Very numerous capillary hæmorrhages of different sizes were present in these situations. Infilteration around the vessels of the membranes and in the tissues of the pia and arachnoidea was observed. Around the infiltrated vessels degeneration of the fibres and an excess of glia cells were seen, sometimes exhibiting the picture of red softening. The ganglia cells showed an irregularly distributed degeneration, central and Peripheral chromatolysis and also partial pyknosis.

scholarly journals Comparisons of neuroinflammation, microglial activation, and degeneration of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in APP/PS1 and aging mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Cao ◽  
Daniel W. Fisher ◽  
Guadalupe Rodriguez ◽  
Tian Yu ◽  
Hongxin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Norepinephrine System ◽  
Protective Processes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background The role of microglia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis is becoming increasingly important, as activation of these cell types likely contributes to both pathological and protective processes associated with all phases of the disease. During early AD pathogenesis, one of the first areas of degeneration is the locus coeruleus (LC), which provides broad innervation of the central nervous system and facilitates norepinephrine (NE) transmission. Though the LC-NE is likely to influence microglial dynamics, it is unclear how these systems change with AD compared to otherwise healthy aging. Methods In this study, we evaluated the dynamic changes of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the LC-NE system in the brain and spinal cord of APP/PS1 mice and aged WT mice using immunofluorescence and ELISA. Results Our results demonstrated increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation observed in the cortex, hippocampus, and spinal cord of APP/PS1 compared to WT mice. LC-NE neuron and fiber loss as well as reduced norepinephrine transporter (NET) expression was more evident in APP/PS1 mice, although NE levels were similar between 12-month-old APP/PS1 and WT mice. Notably, the degree of microglial activation, LC-NE nerve fiber loss, and NET reduction in the brain and spinal cord were more severe in 12-month-old APP/PS1 compared to 12- and 24-month-old WT mice. Conclusion These results suggest that elevated neuroinflammation and microglial activation in the brain and spinal cord of APP/PS1 mice correlate with significant degeneration of the LC-NE system.

Depression and Inflammatory Markers in Veterans With Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 109980042110500
Author(s):  
Pamela Newland ◽  
Yelyzaveta Basan ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Gregory Wu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), afflicts over one per thousand people in the United States. The pathology of MS typically involves lesions in several regions, including the brain and spinal cord. The manifestation of MS is variable and carries great potential to negatively impact quality of life (QOL). Evidence that inflammatory markers are related to depression in MS is accumulating. However, there are barriers in precisely identifying the biological mechanisms underlying depression and inflammation. Analysis of cytokines provides one promising approach for understanding the mechanisms that may contribute to MS symptoms. Methods: In this pilot study, we measured salivary levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta (β), and IL-10 in 24 veterans with MS. Descriptive statistics were reported and Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained between cytokines and depression. Results: The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly negatively associated with depression in veterans with MS (r = −0.47, p = .024). Conclusion: Cytokines may be useful for elucidating biological mechanisms associated with the depression and a measure for nurses caring for veterans with MS.

scholarly journals Aspergillosis of the central nervous system

1996 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 1274-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdir Golin ◽  
Sandra Regina Schwarzwalder Sprovieri ◽  
José Eduardo Delfini Cançado ◽  
Jefferson Walter Daniel ◽  
Lycia Maria Jenné Mimica
Keyword(s):  
Unusual Case ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Fungus Ball ◽  
Intracranial Abscess ◽  
Radiological Images ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
The Brain

The authors report an unusual case involving a 38 year-old man who developed a intracranial abscess caused by Aspergillus of the parietal lobe. Cerebral aspergilloma of an initial pulmonary origin developed in a patient with "Fungus Ball" secondary to tuberculosis sequelae. The diagnosis was made through the isolation of Aspergillus from the secretion of the brain abscesses. The patient was treated with drainage of the abscesses and Amphotericin B. He presented a progressive regression of the radiological images (brain and pulmonary) over a period of 55 days. This report emphasizes the importance of combined anti-fungal therapy and surgical resection as a treatment for cerebral aspergilloma. Furthermore, an early initiation of therapy should improve the prognosis in such cases.

Delirious Disorientation: The Law of the Unfamiliar Mistaken for the Familiar

1945 ◽  
Vol 91 (385) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Levin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Cerebral Physiology ◽  
Modes Of Thought ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Full Stature ◽  
Great Advance

Psychiatry made a great advance when it began to recognize the psychological meaning of mental symptoms—when it took the stand that it is not enough to establish that a patient has, say, delusions, but that one must relate the content of the delusions to the patient's life experience. Another stride has yet to be made, and that is the recognition of the physiological meaning of symptoms. Mental activity being the manifestation of cerebral activity, mental aberration must signify some aberration in the function of the brain, however normal this organ may appear to the eye. In a case of mental disorder, therefore, just as much as in hemiplegia, one must inquire how the laws of physiology reveal themselves in the signs and symptoms of the disease. To return to the example, it is not enough to show that the content of a delusion represents the patient's thoughts and strivings, but there remains the question: What has happened to his brain to cause his thoughts and strivings to assume the guise of delusions, when in a normal man they merely take the form of fancies? When a deluded patient says he is a very rich man, a certain psychological cause is at work. A healthy man, too, may be worried about money, but, in response to this cause, he merely fancies himself a rich man. The demonstration of a psychological cause, therefore, does not explain the sick man's delusion. All it explains is the content of the delusion; since the patient is worried about money, his delusion deals with wealth rather than some other topic. But it does not explain why the patient has delusions. The explanation of this must lie in some cerebral defect which permits inferior modes of thought to occur in response to certain situations. Psychiatry will not reach its full stature as a science until it regards each mentally sick person and each of his symptoms as a problem in cerebral physiology.

scholarly journals ACCUMULATION OF ANTIBODIES IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

1930 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Freund
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Brain Extract ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

1. Antibodies can be extracted from the brain and spinal cord of rabbits actively or passively immunized with typhoid bacilli. 2. The titers of the antibodies in the extracts of brain and cord depend upon the titer of the blood serum. In actively immunized rabbits the following numerical relationships exist between the titers of the serum and of these organ extracts: The ratio of the titer of the serum is to the titers of extract of brain and of the spinal cord about as 100 is to 0.8; the titer of the serum is to the titer of the cerebrospinal fluid as 100 is to 0.3. In passively immunized rabbits the titer of the serum is to the titer of brain and spinal-cord extract as 100 is to 0.7. 3. The antibodies recovered from the brain are not due to the presence of blood in it for perfusion of the brain does not reduce its antibody content appreciably. 4. Antibodies penetrate into the spinal fluid from the blood even in the absence of inflammation of the meninges. When the penetration is completed the following numerical relationship exists between the titer of the serum and that of the cerebrospinal fluid: 100 to 0.25. 5. The penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid of antibodies injected intravenously proceeds at a slow rate, being completed only several hours after the immune serum has been injected. The penetration of antibodies into the tissue of the brain occurs at a very rapid rate. It is completed within 15 minutes. 6. It is very unlikely that when the immune serum is injected intravenously the antibodies reach the brain tissue by way of the cerebrospinal fluid, for (1) the antibody titer of the cerebrospinal fluid is lower than that of the brain extract, and (2) antibodies penetrate faster into the tissue of the brain than into the cerebrospinal fluid.

Cerebral cysticercosis with aqueductal obstruction

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tung Pui Poon ◽  
Edward J. Arida ◽  
Wolodymyr P. Tyschenko
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Cerebral Cysticercosis ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors report a case of cerebral cysticercosis which presented with generalized nonspecific neurological signs and symptoms attributed to acute aqueductal obstruction, with concomitant intracranial hypertension. These were characteristic intracranial calcifications along with angiographically demonstrated signs of hydrocephalus. Contrast encephalography clearly demonstrated aqueductal obstruction. Pathologically, the aqueductal obstruction was shown to be due to parasitic invasion of the brain stem with compression of the aqueduct. The presence of typical intracranial calcification in conjunction with either obstructive or normal-pressure hydrocephalus should alert the observer to the possibility of cerebral cysticercosis.

scholarly journals Hyponatremia – unfavourable prognostic factor in hepatic cirrhosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Aurelia Enescu ◽  
F. Petrescu ◽  
P. Mitruţ ◽  
V. Pădureanu ◽  
Octavia Ileana Petrescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Cirrhosis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Hepatic Disease ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Unfavourable Prognostic Factor

Abstract Hyponatremia is defined by a level of Na in serum below or equal to 136 mEq/L while in hepatic cirrhosis it is classically considered as relevant only at a level of Na below 130 mEq/L. Hyponatremia frequently occurs in patients with end-stage hepatic disease. The frequency and severity are variable but it has been estimated that it occurs with a frequency of 57% in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and in those on waiting lists for hepatic transplants. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia are related to dysfunctions of the central nervous system, due to migration of the water from intravascular space to the brain cells, resulting in the occurrence of cerebral edema. Therapeutic options in hyponatremia are limited and are based on restriction of water consumption, exclusion of diuretics and vaptans. Hepatic transplant remains the only definitive treatment for end-stage hepatic diseases in which hyponatremia has occurred.

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