Nucleoprotein in the Nerve Cells of Mental Patients: A Critical Remark

1949 ◽  
Vol 95 (398) ◽  
pp. 180-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meyer ◽  
M. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Remark ◽  
Apical Process ◽  
Brain Material ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Recent Monograph

Hydén and Hartelius in a recent monograph (1) described nerve cell abnormalities which they consider to be characteristic of mental disease. Their investigations were based on biopsies obtained during prefrontal leucotomy carried out in 11 psychotic patients, 10 of whom belonged to the schizophrenic group. The biopsies were investigated by means of the ultraviolet microscope and the results compared with brain material from normal patients fixed a few hours after death. Two types of abnormal nerve cells were found in the psychotic patients: one type is narrow and shrunken with corkscrew-shaped apical process and appears dark in the photographs in contrast to the other type which is swollen and appears light in the photographs. Both these cells lacked polynucleotides in their cell bodies and contained only a small amount of other protein substances, as shown by the ultraviolet absorption spectra.

Toxæmia in the Etiology of Mental Disease. a Discussion opened

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (202) ◽  
pp. 434-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Clouston
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Association ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Do So

Dr. Clouston said that when he suggested toxæmia to the secretary as a suitable subject for a discussion at this meeting he had not intended to be the first speaker, because his object was to bring out more fully the views of the younger members who had recently committed themselves so strongly to the toxæmic and bacterial etiology of insanity, and so to get light thrown on some of the difficulties which he and others had felt in applying this theory to many of their cases in practice. It was not that he did not believe in the toxic theory as explaining the onset of many cases, or that he under-rated its importance, but that he could not see how it applied so universally or generally as some of the modern pathological school were now inclined to insist on. He knew that it was difficult for those of the older psychological and clinical school to approach the subject with that full knowledge of recent bacteriological and pathological doctrine which the younger men possessed, or to breathe that all-pervading pathological atmosphere which they seemed to inhale. He desired to conduct this discussion in an absolutely non-controversial and purely scientific spirit. To do so he thought it best to put his facts, objections, and difficulties in a series of propositions which could be answered and explained by the other side. He thought it important to define toxæmia, but should be willing to accept Dr. Ford Robertson's definition of toxines, viz., “Substances which are taken up by the (cortical nerve) cell and then disorder its metabolism.” He took the following extracts from his address at the Cheltenham meeting of the British Association (1) as representing Dr. Ford Robertson's views and the general trend of much investigation and hypothesis on the Continent.

scholarly journals The volume of changes in the nerve cells of the intervertebral nodes in the active state

2020 ◽  
Vol V (4) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
V. Kovalevsky
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Active State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear Chromatin ◽  
Type Method ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Histological Picture ◽  
Aniline Dyes ◽  
Contradictory Data

The Nissl method showed that every nerve cell consists of two substances: the main one, which does not stain with this treatment, and the other, interspersed with the first, having a selective affinity for the main aniline dyes. The type, method of distribution in the nerve cell of this chromophilic substance is different depending on the nature of the group to which this nerve cell belongs. Most often, this substance is in the form of grains, differing in an extreme variety of size and shape. This new word in the study of the structure of the nerve cell gave, together with the darkness, a new basis for the study of the issue of changes in the nervous cells in the active state. Thanks to this, a number of studies by authors appeared, such as Hodge, Vas, Mann, Lambert, Lugaro, Levi, Valensa, Magini, whose purpose was to answer the question whether the nerve cells change during activity, and if they change, then what are these changes, which is, consequently, the histological picture of the process of excitation of the nerve cell. To regret, the data, which appeared to answer this question, disagree with each other. In fact, the size of the calm nerve cells, decreasing with irritation, according to Hodge, increases according to Vas and according to Lambert's opinion, they remain without changes. Chromophiles according to Vas and Lambert, moving into an irritated cell to the periphery, according to the opinion of the other authors, do not change their position. The amount of nuclear chromatin increasing along Vas decreases according to Mann. Also contradictory data and volume of changes in the size of the nucleus and nucleolus. Only one thing is that all researchers agree, this is that neither the size nor the number of chromophiles change during the appearance of irritation of the nerve cell. True, Mann says that during rest, various coloring substances accumulate in the cell, which are then consumed during activity, but this indication does not seem to refer to chromophiles, but to the chromatin of the nucleus.

A.F. De Mezer Posthumous changes in nerve cells, detected by staining according to Nissl. —University Izvestiya. 1900, August, No.8

1901 ◽  
Vol IX (1) ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
B. Vorotynsky
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The University

The work was carried out in the laboratory of the pathological anatomical institute of the University of St. Vladimira. First, the author describes the structure of the nerve cell, which is detected by staining by the Nissl method, and he separately stops at describing the structure of the processes, nucleus and nucleolus.

On the Bases and Possibilities of a Scientific Psychology and Classification in Mental Disease

1899 ◽  
Vol 45 (189) ◽  
pp. 257-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lloyd Andriezen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Biological Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Psychology ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Herbert Spencer ◽  
Recent Developments

Since the middle of the nineteenth century psychology has gradually come to be recognised as a branch of biological science. This is due to the influence of the works of Darwin and Herbert Spencer, of the Clinical and Neurological School of Meynert, Golgi, Cajal, Flechsig, and others, and recent developments in the Psychometric School of Fechner and Wundt on the other. The Alienistic School can render powerful aid to this movement; and though there are indications of the current in the proper direction, as shown more particularly in the work of Mercier (1) and Bevan Lewis (2), the end, however, cannot as yet be said to have been achieved, nor the movement to have become general. Psychology still lingers on the borderland of metaphysics; it has not yet been established on the firm rock of natural science. And while it thus lingers progress in knowledge is slow and restricted.

scholarly journals (Im)possible Escape? H. G. Wells, Utopia and the World State

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Barbara Klonowska
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World State ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Utopian Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Recent Monograph

This article reviews the recent monograph by Maxim Shadurski, The Nationality of Utopia. H. G. Wells, England, and the World State (New York: Routledge, 2020) in the context of utopian studies on the one hand, and the political ideas of the nation state vs. world state on the other.

scholarly journals THE ABSORPTION SPECTRUM OF VISUAL PURPLE

1938 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurin M. Chase ◽  
Charles Haig
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Color Purity ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Sensitive Group

The absorption spectra of visual purple solutions extracted by various means were measured with a sensitive photoelectric spectrophotometer and compared with the classical visual purple absorption spectrum. Hardening the retinas in alum before extraction yielded visual purple solutions of much higher light transmission in the blue and violet, probably because of the removal of light-dispersing substances. Re-extraction indicated that visual purple is more soluble in the extractive than are the other colored retinal components. However, the concentration of the extractive did not affect the color purity of the extraction but did influence the keeping power. This suggests a chemical combination between the extractive and visual purple. The pH of the extractive affected the color purity of the resulting solution. Over the pH range from 5.5 to 10.0, the visual purple color purity was greatest at the low pH. Temperature during extraction was also effective, the color purity being greater the higher the temperature, up to 40°C. Drying and subsequent re-dissolving of visual purple solutions extracted with digitalin freed the solution of some protein impurities and increased its keeping power. Dialysis against distilled water seemed to precipitate visual purple from solution irreversibly. None of the treatments described improved the symmetry of the unbleached visual purple absorption spectrum sufficiently for it to resemble the classical absorption spectrum. Therefore it is very likely that the classical absorption spectrum is that of the light-sensitive group only and that the absorption spectra of our purest unbleached visual purple solutions represent the molecule as a whole.

Modeling the spatiotemporal intracellular calcium dynamics in nerve cell with strong memory effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardik Joshi ◽  
Brajesh Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Classical Case ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Calcium Dynamics ◽  
Intracellular Calcium Level ◽  
Calbindin D ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fractional Parameter

Abstract Calcium signaling in nerve cells is a crucial activity for the human brain to execute a diversity of its functions. An alteration in the signaling process leads to cell death. To date, several attempts registered to study the calcium distribution in nerve cells like neurons, astrocytes, etc. in the form of the integer-order model. In this paper, a fractional-order mathematical model to study the spatiotemporal profile of calcium in nerve cells is assembled and analyzed. The proposed model is solved by the finite element method for space derivative and finite difference method for time derivative. The classical case of the calcium dynamics model is recovered by setting the fractional parameter and that validates the model for classical sense. The numerical computations have systematically presented the impact of a fractional parameter on nerve cells. It is observed that calbindin-D28k provides a significant effect on the spatiotemporal variation of calcium profile due to the amalgamation of the memory of nerve cells. The presence of excess amounts of calbindin-D28k controls the intracellular calcium level and prevents the nerve cell from toxicity.

scholarly journals A new species of Portanus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Xestocephalinae) from Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adenomar N. de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apical Process ◽  
A New Species

Portanus Ball, 1932 comprises 45 species that occur in Brazil, including Portanus felixi sp. nov. described and illustrated herein. The genus is close to Paraportanus Carvalho & Cavichioli, 2009 and can be distinguished from it by having a transversal groove on the basal third of the subgenital plates. The new species can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the characters of male genitalia, especially by the pygofer with the apical process pointed, sclerotized and dorso-ventrally directed; and by the aedeagus with apodeme on the basal third.

Dr. Tuke's Addeess As President of the Section of Psychology

1873 ◽  
Vol 19 (87) ◽  
pp. 485-487
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Moral Management ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

The proper treatment of mental disease must always be considered as involving two distinct divisions. In the one, “moral” management, it is necessary to gain regard and willing obedience, to check wayward impulse, to beat away disturbing fears, to cheer the despairing, to restrain, not by force, bat by patience and firmness, the angry and the violent, and to catch the moment in which the swiftly wavering mind may be brought to rest, and its balance permanently retained. The other division embraces the correct employment of hygienic and purely medical remedial agents.

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