The Syndrome of Visual Alexia with Colour Agnosia

1948 ◽  
Vol 94 (394) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Stengel
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Speech Disorder ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
Gestalt Psychology ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Cerebral Lesion ◽  
Visual Agnosia ◽  
Word Blindness ◽  
Congenital Disability

Cases showing alexia which is not part of a general visual agnosia or of a speech disorder (letter or word blindness, cécité verbale pure) are uncommon and deserve careful study for a variety of reasons. The conception of word blindness as loss of visual memories due to a localized cerebral lesion (Hinshelwood, 1917) has been challenged by later investigators who aimed at a more general analysis of impairment of cerebral functions. The application of the principles of Gestalt psychology has introduced new aspects into the study of word blindness. Investigations into acquired word blindness, apart from their psychological and neuro-pathological interest, are of value for the understanding of congenital word blindness which has been found to be a condition of considerable practical importance. It was the investigation of cases of acquired word blindness which led Hinshelwood to the first full description of the congenital disability.

scholarly journals The Importance of Studying Issues Related to the Identity of the Perpetrator from the View of Socio-naturalistic Criminology

2020 ◽  
pp. 374-380
Author(s):  
Kozlyuk L.G.
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Crime

The article is noted to the importance of studying issues related to the identity of the perpetrator from the view of socio-naturalistic criminology. It is emphasized that successful opposition to criminality is possible with a careful study of the identity of the perpetrator, since it is a kind of center that gives the opportunity to "work" the mechanism of criminal behavior. Therefore, all the factors that, to one degree or another, make it possible to implement such a mechanism need serious consideration. Without the use of the most effective methodological tool in the process of investigating the identity of the perpetrator, it is impossible to determine the causes and conditions of crime, and accordingly to find effective measures to counter it. In this regard, the methodological toolkit by which criminology is applied. The purpose of this study is to determine the perspective of knowing the identity of the perpetrator from the view of socio-naturalistic criminology. The study was carried out on a new progressive criminological doctrine based on the principle of social naturalism and showed that an effective mechanism of generating crime may be a socio-biological approach, provided the knowledge of the roles and limits of the action of social and biological factors in the structure of man. It is proved that understanding the identity of the offender and the properties inherent in him from the view of socio-naturalistic criminology, gives the opportunity to answer the age-old questions that interest criminologists: why a person commits a crime? And why does a person commit such a crime? It is substantiated that the study of the offender's personality from the point of view of socio-natural criminology is of great scientific and practical importance, since it allows distinguishing criminals from other people and clearly separating the causes and conditions of crime. The study of to the identity of the perpetrator from the view of socio-naturalistic criminology (criminology based on the principle of social naturalism), provides an opportunity to adequately solve the problems that arise in the field of combating crime and, thus, to ensure law and order and social progress in Ukraine. It is noted that the study of the identity of the perpetrator from the view of socio-naturalistic criminology does not lead to offsetting the achievements of different approaches to the study of the offender, which take place in criminology, on the contrary, such study, enriches the theory and practice of combating crime and helps to solve complex problems. In particular, the ratio of social and biological in the mechanism of crime; study of the properties of a person who influence the choice of a criminal act; causes and conditions of crime. A high crime rate is an indicator of the need to find new ways to solve problems related to the study of the offender's personality. Today, the study of the offender's personality from the view of the social-naturalistic doctrine solves the urgent criminological need for new methodological tools that are necessary in the study of the offender's personality. Therefore, this study attempts to show a promising methodologically new approach to the study of the identity of the perpetrator in criminology. Therefore, the problem of effective research on the identity of the perpetrator is crucial in criminology because its solution is a prerequisite for the successful counteraction of crime in our country.

scholarly journals The discovery of a remedy for malignant jaundice in the dog and for redwater in cattle

1909 ◽  
Vol 81 (549) ◽  
pp. 348-350 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Malignant Jaundice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Curative Action ◽  
Financial Losses

Judging from the literature relating to piroplasmosis, no drug is known which exerts any curative action on either canine or bovine piroplasmosis. The canine disease is exceedingly fata, and, in certain localities, especially in South Africa, it is almost impossible to keep dogs. On the other hand, the disease in cattle causes enormous financial losses, especially in America, Australia, and Africa, not only by causing a considerable mortality, but also by producing along-lasting anæmia in many of the affected animals. The discovery of a drug which will bring about a cure of piroplasmosis is therefore a matter of practical importance. Our object in publishing this communication is to announce the discovery of such a remedy. Whilst a full description of our experiments will shortly be published in ‘Parasitology,’ we desire to place the main facts on record.

Development of a refined methodology for calculating the balance of wheelsets and assessment of the need for wheels and axles for the wagon fleet of the Republic of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-334
Author(s):  
Aziz B. GAYIPOV ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina A. NARKIZOVA ◽  
Tatiana M. BELGORODTSEVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
The State ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
Freight Car ◽  
The Republic

Objective: To develop a refined methodology for calculating the balance of wheelsets for a freight car fleet, apply it to determine the need for wheels and car axles for the freight car fleet in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Methods: Methods of combinatorial and statistical analyzes of the initial data were employed. Results: Methods for calculating the need for wheels and car axles are proposed, which makes it possible to determine the number of required wheel disks and finished axles for freight cars, depending on the forecast of the volume of freight turnover per year. Practical importance: The presented method for calculating the need for wheelsets can be used for a general analysis and assessment of the state of the production base in terms of shortcomings or excess of wheel disks and finished axles.

Resonant Oscillations of Non-Symmetrical Rotor with Mass Imbalance and Disk Skew

2017 ◽  
Vol 863 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Zharilkassin Iskakov ◽  
Mukhit Ashirbayev
Keyword(s):  
Phase Angle ◽  
Separation Of Variables ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Dissipative Function ◽  
Mass Imbalance ◽  
Lagrangian Equations ◽  
Residual Phase ◽  
Mass Eccentricity

The non-symmetrical rotor with mass imbalance and disk skew has been considered. For full description of the rotor motion dynamic and mathematical models of the machine have been developed. Expressions for Lagrangian functions and Rayleigh dissipative function are formed. The motion equations are written as the Lagrangian equations of the second kind. By separation of variables the expressions of amplitude and phase of vibrations have been determined. The special emphasis is placed to the joint effect of mass imbalance and disk skew on the rotor dynamics which is observed over the whole range of shaft speed. The amplitudes of the vibrations near the critical speeds and residual phase angle depending on the generalized imbalance and the relative distance to the disk are studied. Detection of the residual phase angle at low rotation speeds is of practical importance, it is extremely important at balancing the rotor, since for determination of the mass eccentricity line the results of measurements at low speeds are used. The main working expressions are presented in a compact and non-dimensional form.

scholarly journals Conceptual Results of the Practice of Re-reading and Rethinking of Ruth Benedict’s Patterns of Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Yurii Dzhulai
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Gestalt Psychology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Living Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indian Tribes ◽  
Ruth Benedict

Ruth Benedict’s Patterns of Culture has a long history of professional criticism by cultural anthropologists. Still, at the beginning of the 1990s, appeared singular attempts of critical rethinking of the concept of patterns of culture, which were provided with appropriate reconstruction. The initiative belonged to P. Bock and S. Leavitt. Other instances of critical analysis came from attempts to generalize the phenomenon of re-reading the works of Ruth Benedict. In this article those rare initiatives of ‘critical re-reading’ are represented by the paper by B. Babcock and J. Boon. As an analytical unit for reviewing B. Babcock’s academic exposition of conceptual considerations and criticisms, we chose the description of positive perception by Ruth Benedict of the idea from W. Dilthey that we have no grounds for hoping to get any eventual categorical form of rationalization of life from philosophy. As the textual analysis has shown, Ruth Benedict picked this postulation of W. Dilthey’s to block the effect of ‘final’ apologetical theses for support and acceptance of functional descriptions of living archaic cultures of Trobriand Islands and Mainland of Melanesia by B. Malinowski as a template for description of any culture. Regarding the attachment of gestalt psychology implications to existing apologetic arguments for presentation of the mentioned functional descriptions of living archaic cultures as a sample for description of any living culture, the multiplicative meaning of Dilthey’s thesis for Ruth Benedict becomes clear. This multiplicative assignment of Dilthey’s argument shows that in critical reconstruction by P. Bock and S. Leavitt gestalt psychology implications were incautiously presented as a horizon for inclusion of the ideas of configuration, individuality, and culture into the concept of pattern of culture. Concurrently, J. Boon managed to demonstrate that descriptions of antagonism of Indian tribes of Pueblo and Plain cultures contain no depictions of internal testing of one culture by the other. Therefore, a full description of these cultures antagonism as opposition of Apollonian and Dionysian patterns of Indian tribes of Pueblo and Plain culture made up the focal matter of ‘dispositional description’, which is an important methodological achievement of Ruth Benedict.

Practical Importance of Spatial Resolution and Analytical Sensitivity in AEM X-ray Microanalysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
D.B. Williams ◽  
J.I. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Excitation Volume ◽  
Two Parameters

Analytical sensitivity and spatial resolution are important and closely related factors in x-ray microanalysis using the AEM. Analytical sensitivity is the ability to distinguish, for a given element under given conditions, between two concentrations that are nearly equal. The analytical sensitivity is directly related to the number of x-ray counts collected and, therefore, to the probe current, specimen thickness and counting time. The spatial resolution in AEM analysis is determined by the probe size and beam broadening in the specimen. A finer probe and a thinner specimen give a higher spatial resolution. However, the resulting lower beam current and smaller X-ray excitation volume degrade analytical sensitivity. A compromise must be made between high spatial resolution and an acceptable analytical sensitivity. In this paper, we show the necessity of evaluating these two parameters in order to determine the low temperature Fe-Ni phase diagram.A Phillips EM400T AEM with an EDAX/TN2000 EDS/MCA system and a VG HB501 FEG STEM with a LINK AN10 EDS/MCA system were used.

Contrasts of planar defects in reflection electron microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1004-1005
Author(s):  
Feng Tsai ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Planar Defects ◽  
Surface Steps ◽  
Surface Reconstructions ◽  
Domain Boundaries ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy

Reflection electron microscopy (REM) has been used to study surface defects such as surface steps, dislocations emerging on crystal surfaces, and surface reconstructions. However, only a few REM studies have been reported about the planar defects emerging on surfaces. The interaction of planar defects with surfaces may be of considerable practical importance but so far there seems to be only one relatively simple theoretical treatment of the REM contrast and very little experimental evidence to support its predications. Recently, intersections of both 90° and 180° ferroelectric domain boundaries with BaTiO3 crystal surfaces have been investigated by Tsai and Cowley with REM.The REM observations of several planar defects, such as stacking faults and domain boundaries have been continued by the present authors. All REM observations are performed on a JEM-2000FX transmission electron microscope. The sample preparations may be seen somewhere else. In REM, the incident electron beam strikes the surface of a crystal with a small glancing angle.

X-ray mapping without STEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
Judith M. Brock ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Made In

A knowledge of the distribution of chemical elements in a specimen is often highly useful. In materials science specimens features such as grain boundaries and precipitates generally force a certain order on mental distribution, so that a single profile away from the boundary or precipitate gives a full description of all relevant data. No such simplicity can be assumed in life science specimens, where elements can occur various combinations and in different concentrations in tissue. In the latter case a two-dimensional elemental-distribution image is required to describe the material adequately. X-ray mapping provides such of the distribution of elements.The big disadvantage of x-ray mapping hitherto has been one requirement: the transmission electron microscope must have the scanning function. In cases where the STEM functionality – to record scanning images using a variety of STEM detectors – is not used, but only x-ray mapping is intended, a significant investment must still be made in the scanning system: electronics that drive the beam, detectors for generating the scanning images, and monitors for displaying and recording the images.

Linguistic Competence in Aphasia

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Leonard L. LaPointe
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Feral Children ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Linguistic Rules ◽  
Communication Goals ◽  
Aphasia Treatment ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Loss of implicit linguistic competence assumes a loss of linguistic rules, necessary linguistic computations, or representations. In aphasia, the inherent neurological damage is frequently assumed by some to be a loss of implicit linguistic competence that has damaged or wiped out neural centers or pathways that are necessary for maintenance of the language rules and representations needed to communicate. Not everyone agrees with this view of language use in aphasia. The measurement of implicit language competence, although apparently necessary and satisfying for theoretic linguistics, is complexly interwoven with performance factors. Transience, stimulability, and variability in aphasia language use provide evidence for an access deficit model that supports performance loss. Advances in understanding linguistic competence and performance may be informed by careful study of bilingual language acquisition and loss, the language of savants, the language of feral children, and advances in neuroimaging. Social models of aphasia treatment, coupled with an access deficit view of aphasia, can salve our restless minds and allow pursuit of maximum interactive communication goals even without a comfortable explanation of implicit linguistic competence in aphasia.

Testing the Significance of the Agreement Among Observers

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Young ◽  
Tom D. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Speech Disorder ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Observer Ratings

Ratings by observers are often used in speech pathology to measure complex speech dimensions; this seems reasonable since a speech “disorder” represents the product of an observer’s evaluation and a speaker’s performance. An index of the validity of these evaluations may be estimated by the amount of agreement among the observers. In this paper, the semi-interquartile range and the intraclass correlation are discussed as possible indices of agreement, and another index is suggested, based on the range of observer ratings. Under the assumption that the distribution of ratings is uniform when ratings are randomly assigned, that is, the observers show no agreement, tables were constructed to indicate the probability of any range for selected numbers of observers and rating scale categories. Some applications for this index concern the training of observers, estimating the number of observers needed, and the construction of master scales.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document