Cardiazol Treatment of Schizophrenia

1938 ◽  
Vol 84 (352) ◽  
pp. 735-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Harris
Keyword(s):  
Disease Group ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Outer World ◽  
The World ◽  
Chronic Course ◽  
Restitutio Ad Integrum ◽  
Chief Characteristic ◽  
Organic Dementia

The term “schizophrenia” was first introduced by Bleuler (1) as descriptive of the dissociation and fragmentation of mental processes which he regarded as the chief characteristic of the condition. There is “a detachment from the world without, and a breaking up of normal psychological connections within. The personality is not integrated as in normal people; thinking emotion, and conduct are discrepant and morbid, yet there is no impairment of formal intelligence such as is found, for example, in organic dementia” (Mapother and Lewis (2)). To quote Bleuler (1), “even though we cannot as yet formulate a natural division within the disease, nevertheless schizophrenia does not appear to us as a disease in the narrower sense but as a disease group, about analogous with the group of the organic dementias, which are divided into paresis, senile forms, etc. One should therefore speak of schizophrenias in the plural. The disease at times runs a chronic course, at times in shifts; it may become stationary at any stage or may regress a certain distance, but probably does not permit of a completerestitutio ad integrum.It is characterized by a specific kind of alteration of thinking and feeling, and of the relations with the outer world that occur nowhere else”.

A pragmatist philosophy of psychological science and its implications for replication

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gantman ◽  
Robin Gomila ◽  
Joel E. Martinez ◽  
J. Nathan Matias ◽  
Elizabeth Levy Paluck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
The World ◽  
Pragmatist Philosophy

AbstractA pragmatist philosophy of psychological science offers to the direct replication debate concrete recommendations and novel benefits that are not discussed in Zwaan et al. This philosophy guides our work as field experimentalists interested in behavioral measurement. Furthermore, all psychologists can relate to its ultimate aim set out by William James: to study mental processes that provide explanations for why people behave as they do in the world.

scholarly journals Słownictwo dotyczące świata fauny i flory w Symbolice wiosennej Stefanii Ulanowskiej

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Andrejczyk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Reconstructed Image ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The object of interest in this sketch is an analysis of the vocabulary indicating selected elements of the world of fauna and fl ora in Symbolika wiosenna (Spring symbolism) by Stefania Ulanowska (Kraków 1884). The collected language material is characterised by wealth and complexity of the subject matter. The indicated vocabulary has not been characterised yet. This paper employs elements of the cognitivist description of language. The selection of this method enables depiction of the relation between linguistic knowledge and encyclopaedic knowledge. Language becomes an indispensible element of mental processes of the perception of the world (Tokarski 1995; Miodunka 1980). The analysis of the excerpted material clearly shows that the discussed spring symbolism usually invokes, contrary to the prototype, the semantic fi eld related to ‘śmierć’ (death) rather than ‘życie’ (life). The reconstructed image of the folk idea of spring largely deviates from the ideas established in the consciousness of language users in general, which is confi rmed by the discussed examples. It presents unit connotations that are individualised and present in the consciousness of members of small rural communities of those times. Keywords: Stefania Ulanowska – vocabulary of fauna and flora

scholarly journals The Authentic and Inauthentic Sport in the Hermeneutic and Phenomenological Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ivo Jirásek ◽  
Josef Oborný ◽  
Emanuel Hurych
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Opposite Pole ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Time And Being

Summary The philosophical concept of hermeneutics presents the opposite pole of human mental activities than positivism. Phenomenology, together with hermeneutics, also presents a kind of opposition to the positivistic reduction of learning the world. This paper focuses on the topic of authenticity of sport from these two (hermeneutic and phenomenological) approaches. As a basic theoretical platform Martin Heidegger’s book Time and Being is used. The authors develop a specific kind of categorization of the social groups engaged in sport events via the ancient concepts of “TECHNÉ ATHLETIKÉ” and “TECHNÉ GYMNASTIKÉ”. Two different phenomena: sport and “sport” are examined within the next part of the paper. There are some reasons mentioned in conclusions coming from the hermeneutic and phenomenological approach which help us to understand and accept the opinion that a kind of return to “techné gymnastiké” can support the authentic modes of being in human approach to sport.

Amplified Piano

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-140
Author(s):  
You Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
The World ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Escapement Mechanism ◽  
Keyboard Instrument

The introduction of electronic amplification to the piano, which began as an innocent bluff by a teenage composer living in the Arctic Circle, had a devastating consequence for Tudor’s virtuosity on the keyboard instrument: it dissolved his control of escapement mechanism, opening up instead the world of feedback where a sound once activated could potentially never end. A detailed examination of Tudor’s idiosyncratic realization of John Cage’s Variations II in 1962 shows what previous scholars, as well as the composer himself, have failed to see: the specific nature of the amplified piano that was altogether a different instrument from the piano. What the new instrument presented was not simply more complexity and indeterminacy but a specific kind of complexity and indeterminacy which is reflected in how Tudor actually performed the music.

The Picaro's Journey to the Confessional : The Changing Image of the Hero in the German Bildungsroman

PMLA ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Outer World ◽  
Fragmented Self ◽  
The World

From Goethe's Wilhelm Meister through Keller's Grüner Heinrich to Rilke's Malte, the hero of the German Bildungsroman develops from unselfconscious adventurer in the outer world to compulsive explorer of the world within. This transformation in the hero—from “picaro” to “confessor”—implies a change in the concept of Bildung: the “self” no longer accumulates, but must be re-collected. Wilhelm Meister's unreflective nature aligns him directly with the picaresque hero; essentially, he does not develop. In Keller's novel the hero develops precisely by narrating his picaresque past. Through his confessional notebooks, Rilke's hero, Malte, attempts to overcome the “sickness” of his fragmented self by recollecting his childhood. This transformation of the literary hero in the nineteenth century mirrors in turn the historical rise of alienated, self-conscious man. Beyond Maire the Bildungsroman can only move on to parody, to the anti-Bildungsromane of Kafka, Mann, and Grass, in which both types of hero are parodied.

scholarly journals Gnoseological problem as a subject of the metaphysical discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Chekal L. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cognition And Knowledge ◽  
The Ideal

The study focuses on the analysis of epistemological metaphysical discourses in their genesis: from the times of ancient philosophical thought, which contains the origins of the issue, to the epistemological explorations of the twentieth century. The author reviews the features of metaphysics as epistemology that expands interpretations of the cognition process in the context of limits and opportunities withing the relationship between a human and the world. The article also outlines the specifics of metaphysical approaches to the problem of truth. The process of cognition can be interpreted as a specific kind of spiritual activity of an individual. Knowledge can be defined as an information about the world that exists in a form of a certain reality - the ideal construct of existence. Cognition and knowledge differ one from another as the former is a process and the latter is a result. We should think of epistemology as numerous attempts to answer the fundamental question: what is the world really like? Is it such as we perceive it, or is it so different that we are not capable to comprehend its essence?

scholarly journals Architecture and the Dilemma of Aesthetics: Towards an Alternate Defintion and Approach to Architecture

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter Dittmar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
The Real ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
Real Issue ◽  
Outer World ◽  
Ontological Approach ◽  
The World

The paper calls for a paradigm shift in the definition and approach to architecture to reverse the erosion of its societal relevance, and the loss of its identity as a discipline. The paper contends that this development originated with the Renaissance when architecture evolved from a craft into an art, and the pursuit of beauty became the foremost ideal: the aspect that distinguishes architecture from “mere building”. Ever since, architecture has tried-and failed- to solve the dilemma of aesthetics: the integration of utility, technology and beauty. However, neither beauty, nor the question of aesthetics, are really the problem. The real issue is that architecture is, ultimately, about more than beauty or aesthetics: it is about our life and our existence; about creating a place for our being in the world. Architecture is, thus, grounded in an ontological paradigm rather than an aesthetic one. This has far-reaching, theoretical implications. The paper then proceeds to delineate some of the premises fundamental to an ontological approach to architecture, based on the notion that architecture makes possible the congruence between human and natural order, between our inner and our outer world. Beauty is present when one resonates and reveals itself through the other.

scholarly journals Sign Language Generation - A survey of techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 473-476
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Normal People ◽  
The World ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
The One ◽  
Generating System

Sign language is a visual language that uses body postures and facial expressions. It is generally used by hearing-impaired people as a source of communication. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 466 million people (5% of the world population) are with hearing and speech impairment. Normal people generally do not understand this sign language and hence there is a communication gap between hearing-impaired and other people. Different phonemic scripts were developed such as HamNoSys notation that describes sign language using symbols. With the development in the field of artificial intelligence, we are now able to overcome the limitations of communication with people using different languages. Sign language translating system is the one that converts sign to text or speech whereas sign language generating system is the one that converts speech or text to sign language. Sign language generating systems were developed so that normal people can use this system to display signs to hearing-impaired people. This survey consists of a comparative study of approaches and techniques that are used to generate sign language. We have discussed general architecture and applications of the sign language generating system.

scholarly journals Most findings obtained with untimed visual illusions are confounded

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Bressan ◽  
Peter Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Visual Illusions ◽  
Inspection Time ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Do So

Visual illusions do not just help uncover how people perceive reality but are also used to investigate cognitive styles, cultural differences, and mental disorders like autism or schizophrenia. Participants are often free to inspect the illusions, and some take longer than others to do so. Here we show, for the first time, that spontaneous inspection time changes illusion strength in counterintuitive ways: some illusions decrease, others remain the same, and still others increase over the first few seconds they are looked at. Differences in how individuals perceive illusions are typically attributed to inequalities in their mental processes or capacity. Yet we demonstrate that these differences may, instead, simply be due to differences in the time taken to inspect the illusions—which does happen to vary, randomly or systematically, between individuals and groups. Thus, some well-established disparities in how different people see illusions (and the world more broadly) may themselves be illusory.

scholarly journals Natural Patterns and Magnetic and Mental Processes of Coronavirus Activation and Neutralization

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Evgeny Bryndin
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Mortality Increase ◽  
Repeated Infections ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Seriously Ill

For twenty years, humanity has seen the third attempt at the transition of coronavirus to humans. The vaccine has been found, but coronavirus transitions will not stop even with the improvement of medicine. Nobel laureate in medicine Professor Luc Montagnier argues that vaccines may not live up to humanity's hopes of getting rid of COVID-19. Collective immunity for coronavirus has not been developed, repeated infections are more and more common, beds of seriously ill people are not empty, and mortality is running high, no one knows what will happen to all of us. In Israel, where vaccination has long been compulsory, and over 60% of the population, including underage children, have been vaccinated, the incidence is not just declining, but still breaking all records. So, the maximum number of cases here was revealed on September 1 - 16,629, which almost caught up with Russia (18,368 confirmed on the same September 1) with our percentage of vaccinated 26.1% of the number of citizens. At the end of September 2021, morbidity and mortality increase, because it is a system. Based on existing monthly pneumonia mortality statistics over the past 15 years, there are three waves each year. Since September 22, there has been a surge of pneumonia, ARI, and even non-communicable diseases. The second wave comes at the end of December - January, it is usually three times larger than the first. Then around March-April there is a third wave. These three waves exist steadily from year to year, their amplitudes can change, then one will be higher, then the other, they are not absolutely hard on schedule, but they are reproduced regularly in other countries. The first wave of the Spanish pandemic covered the world just at the end of September 1918. The coronavirus was the same. The first wave in America is September 2019, an unexplained surge of pneumonia with a rather high mortality rate, which was written off for smoking e-cigarettes and called "vape." Now they decided to watch the surviving tests of patients, and there - COVID-19. In Europe, it was the same.

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