The Sero-Diagnosis of Syphilis in Mental Hospital Practice

1932 ◽  
Vol 78 (320) ◽  
pp. 96-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ernest Nicole ◽  
E. J. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Hospital Practice ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Technical Practice ◽  
Wassermann Reaction ◽  
Latent Syphilis

The diagnosis of syphilis, and especially of latent syphilis, has become a matter of increasing importance in mental hospital practice. The great difficulty hitherto experienced has been in connection with the adoption of some routine laboratory test. As long as the Wassermann was the only serological test available, many institutions were confronted with the task of undertaking a test that was too complex and difficult for all but the best equipped laboratories. This is now so well recognized that it has been very definitely recommended that no hospital should carry out the Wassermann reaction unless it has a well-trained laboratory staff headed by an experienced pathologist, and that even then results should not be relied upon unless the number of tests done each week is sufficient to ensure a continuity of technical practice (82, 83, 107). Furthermore, it has been felt that the Wassermann, good though it may be, is yet liable to error, especially in treated cases (45, 72). A search has therefore been instituted for tests that would be simpler, quicker, and, if possible, more sensitive than the Wassermann. As a result a number of flocculation tests have been devised, and these have been extensively tried by syphilologists and others (1, 5, 20, 23, 62, 88, 97, 99, 102, 114, 134). More recently, these flocculation tests have slowly found their way into mental hospitals, and whereas in the Board of Control Report for 1925 no mention is made of any of these tests, in 1930 no less than six of them were reported upon, one of them apparently having been used in five different hospitals (15, 16, 20, 21, 25, 30, 31, 34-36, 40, 42, 43, 48, 49, 100, 112, 113, 132, 133).

A Special Mental Hospital Unit for the Treatment of Psychosis and Neurosis in Juveniles

1953 ◽  
Vol 99 (414) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton E. Sands
Keyword(s):  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Hospital Unit ◽  
Hospital Practice ◽  
Special Unit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
End Results

Since the treatment of juveniles as in-patients in a special unit is somewhat unusual in mental hospital practice, a brief introduction may not be out of place. These units might be considered as another development in a trend which has been progressing for the past 25 years. Until 1930 certification of all admissions to mental hospitals and a mainly custodial régime ensured the majority of patients being largely the end-results of psychiatric illness. Since 1930 the steadily increasing use of the voluntary system has brought many patients to hospital at a stage when their illness can be favourably influenced by modern therapeutic methods. An associated development was the increased provision of wards or units separate from the chronically disturbed cases, or even, as at this hospital, a complete villa system of detached and semi-detached wards for mainly voluntary adult patients.

A Simple Method for the Characteristic Differentiation of Antibiotics by TLC-Bioautography in Graded Concentration of Ammonium Chloride

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 786-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
FUSAO KONDO
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Characteristic Change ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Tetracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Tlc Bioautography ◽  
Rf Values

A simple classification method for 24 known antibiotics by TLC-bioautographic procedure was developed. The approach used was to change the Rf values in seven TLC systems with an ammonium chloride solution in a graded concentration range (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 20%). The antibiotics were divided into four groups (A to D) showing the characteristic behavior of Rf values corresponding to similarities in chemical structure: β-lactam, aminoglycoside, macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics. TLC-bioautography helps to estimate the character of antibiotics and the characteristic change of Rf values may be very useful for classifying unknown residual antibiotics in animal samples as a routine laboratory test.

The Sero-Diagnosis of Syphilis in Mental Hospital Practice

1933 ◽  
Vol 79 (324) ◽  
pp. 52-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ernest Nicole ◽  
E. J. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Hospital Practice

During the last nine months of 1931 a series of 175 cases were tested for syphilis by means of several reactions, and the results were reported in this journal in January, 1932. During the next nine months the work was continued and considerably extended, and we shall here give the further results thus obtained, together with a statistical expression of the findings of both periods combined.

Screening for multiple myeloma using routine laboratory test results

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoshi Kitamura ◽  
Hisomu Yamaguchi ◽  
Kazue Murakawa ◽  
Takuya Murao ◽  
Yoshinori Iizuka
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Routine Laboratory Test ◽  
Laboratory Test Results

Serum B12and Folate Concentrations in Mental Patients

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (504) ◽  
pp. 1291-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hunter ◽  
Muriel Jones ◽  
T. G. Jones ◽  
D. M. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Critical Level ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Megaloblastic Anaemia ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Intestinal Surgery ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Wassermann Reaction

In a leading article on mental symptoms in vitamin B12deficiency (Lancet, 1965), it was pointed out that “though mental illness due to vitamin B12deficiency is uncommon, it is readily treated, and, as in general paralysis of the insane, its protean manifestations and uncertain physical signs call for an easily applied screening test comparable to the Wassermann reaction”. In the correspondence which followed it was suggested that in psychiatric practice today mental symptoms were likely to be found more frequently in association with vitamin B12deficiency than with a positive serological test for syphilis (owing in part to the increasing number of patients with deficiency syndromes following gastro-intestinal surgery); and that estimation of serum B12concentration should be performed much more readily without waiting for clear-cut haematological evidence or neurological complications of megaloblastic anaemia (Hunter and Matthews, 1965). This was emphasized by the evidence of Strachan and Henderson (1965) who described three patients with psychiatric syndromes attributed to vitamin B12deficiency in whom not only peripheral blood but also bone marrow was normal; and the report from a mental hospital in Norway by Edwin et al. (1965) that of 396 patients over the age of thirty years admitted over a twelve months period, 23 (5·8 per cent.) had serum B12concentrations below the critical level of 100 μμg. per ml. as estimated by Euglena gracilis assay. This finding was challenged by Herbert et al. (1965), who suggested that drugs of the phenothiazine group administered to the patients might have suppressed the growth of the organism, but this was disputed by Edwin et al. (1966).

A Note on the Wassermann Reaction in the Blood-Serum of Male Admissions to Hanwell Mental Hospital

1927 ◽  
Vol 73 (300) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lilly ◽  
E. L. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Wassermann Reaction

In a series of 412 cases admitted between December 20, 1923, and December 29, 1925, the blood-serum was tested, and of these, 105, or 25.48%, were found to be positive. This shows the distinctly high incidence of syphilis of I in every 4 admissions.

Nembutal in Mental Hospital Practice

1932 ◽  
Vol 78 (323) ◽  
pp. 892-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan MacMillan
Keyword(s):  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Hospital Practice ◽  
Sodium Ethyl

Nembutal (sodium ethyl [1-methyl-butyl] barbiturate) has recently come into use in general hospitals in this country as a preliminary to and partial substitute for general anæsthesia.

The Bi-Coloured Guaiac Reaction in Mental Hospital Practice

1934 ◽  
Vol 80 (328) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
S. W. Hardwick
Keyword(s):  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Supernatant Fluid ◽  
Hospital Practice ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
Gold Sol

The object of this investigation was to ascertain the value of the bicoloured guaiac reaction on the cerebro-spinal fluid in mental hospital practice. The reaction, which was first described by de Thurzo (i), is similar in principle to the Lange gold sol test, in that under certain conditions precipitation occurs from a colloidal system. Its originality depends on the fact that two dyes, naphthol green and brilliant fuchsin are contained in the system, one of which attaches itself to the precipitating colloid (brilliant fuchsin), whilst the other (naphthol green) remains in the supernatant fluid. It is claimed that it is not so susceptible to possible fallacies as the gold sol test (such as chemical uncleanliness), that it is possibly more selective in its action, and that it has the same practical value in the laboratory diagnosis of neuro-syphilis. Results have been reported on hospital cases (2) showing fair agreement with the Lange and Wassermann tests, but so far no records are available showing the value of this test in a series of neuro-syphilitic cases from mental hospitals, with the exception of a brief report on 10 cases (3). The present report deals with 325 fluids obtained from cases in L.C.C. mental hospitals, and these included 125 cases of general paralysis treated by malaria and other pyrexial therapies.

scholarly journals Routine laboratory blood tests predict SARS-CoV-2 infection using machine learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Sarina Yang ◽  
Ljiljana V. Vasovic ◽  
Peter Steel ◽  
Amy Chadburn ◽  
Yu Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Laboratory Test Results

AbstractBackgroundAccurate diagnostic strategies to rapidly identify SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals for management of patient care and protection of health care personnel are urgently needed. The predominant diagnostic test is viral RNA detection by RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs specimens, however the results of this test are not promptly obtainable in all patient care locations. Routine laboratory testing, in contrast, is readily available with a turn-around time (TAT) usually within 1-2 hours.MethodWe developed a machine learning model incorporating patient demographic features (age, sex, race) with 27 routine laboratory tests to predict an individual’s SARS-CoV-2 infection status. Laboratory test results obtained within two days before the release of SARS-CoV-2-RT-PCR result were used to train a gradient boosted decision tree (GBDT) model from 3,346 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tested patients (1,394 positive and 1,952 negative) evaluated at a large metropolitan hospital.ResultsThe model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.853 (95% CI: 0.829-0.878). Application of this model to an independent patient dataset from a separate hospital resulted in a comparable AUC (0.838), validating the generalization of its use. Moreover, our model predicted initial SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity in 66% individuals whose RT-PCR result changed from negative to positive within two days.ConclusionThis model employing routine laboratory test results offers opportunities for early and rapid identification of high-risk SARS-COV-2 infected patients before their RT-PCR results are available. This may facilitate patient care and quarantine, indicate who requires retesting, and direct personal protective equipment use while awaiting definitive RT-PCR results.

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