The Pathogenesis of Anaërobic Microbic Infections in the Major and Minor Psychoses, with Control Cases

1932 ◽  
Vol 78 (320) ◽  
pp. 12-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Ford-Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The subject of this thesis is the outcome of what might be termed a hereditary interest in the complex problem of the relationship of chronic infections to the psychoses and allied mental disorders. Circumstances enabled me, while still a student, to undertake very humbly the continuation of my father's researches in the Scottish Asylums' Laboratory at a point where his illness and death might have proved the closing of a long and arduous chapter. That this would have been so is, as far as I know, borne out by the fact that up to the present no work directly bearing on his later bacteriological studies has been published. The researches I have undertaken during the past six years have been an attempt to elucidate more clearly what exactly are the bacteriological factors at work, and, further, in what manner they attack the economy generally, and with what result. In my endeavour to verify and extend Ford-Robertson's views I have been singularly fortunate.

Dr. Hughlings Jackson on Mental Disorders

1917 ◽  
Vol 63 (262) ◽  
pp. 315-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Savage
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

I have long felt that the relationship of Dr. Jackson's teaching in reference to nervous disorders has not been sufficiently considered from the psychiatric side. I fear that I shall not be able to do justice to the subject, yet I believe it to be almost a duty for me to attempt it.

scholarly journals Structural analysis of interrelations of pathoharacterological features of persons prone to criminal impulsive aggression

2022 ◽  
pp. 198-206
Author(s):  
Klavdiya Telesheva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Impulsive Aggression ◽  
The Social ◽  
Organic Mental Disorders ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Correlation Pleiades ◽  
The Relationship

Psychometric testing of persons undergoing a complex forensic psychological and psychiatric examination in cases related to criminal impulsive aggression was carried out: mentally healthy persons, persons with personality disorders, persons with organic mental disorders who have committed crimes against life and health. Psychometric testing included diagnostics of predisposition to certain types of aggressive actions (Bass-Darka hostility questionnaire in the adaptation of S. N. Enikolopov) and the severity of certain personality structures associated with impulsive aggression - anxiety (Spielberger-Khanin anxiety scale), locus of control (a variant of J. Rotter - assessment of the level of subjective control (LSC)), the desire to seek new sensations and experiences. One of the main methods was also the questionnaire of the structure of temperament by V.M. Rusalov, allowing to explore the properties of temperament in the subject and in the social spheres. The results were processed using correlation analysis, the obtained correlation coefficients were visualized using the method of constructing correlation pleiades. It is shown that the structure of interrelationships of indicators of psychometric testing is specific in the studied groups, the features of the relationship of personality structures with aggressive tendencies are described both in mental health and in mental disorders that do not exclude sanity.

scholarly journals CHINESE AND AFRICAN MIGRANT ENTREPRENEURS' ARTICULATION SHAPED BY AFRICAN AGENCY

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Kohnert
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
Four Books ◽  
African Migrant ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Migrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Much has been written on the relationship of China and Africa in the past decade. However, the subject of Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in Africa and their articulation with African counterparts was little explored up to the early 2010s. Apparently, this research gap has been closed, as shown by four publications in recent years: three edited volumes and one monograph, focusing on this subject. In view of early prejudices on the passive or even disapproving reception of Chinese migrants by Africans, the state of the art underlines the importance and scope of African agency vis à vis Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in Africa. This has been underlined unison in the four books under review.

scholarly journals Survival of the Fittest: The Relationship of (p)ppGpp With Bacterial Virulence

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Kundra ◽  
Cristina Colomer-Winter ◽  
José A. Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Stringent Response ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Survival Of The Fittest

The signaling nucleotide (p)ppGpp has been the subject of intense research in the past two decades. Initially discovered as the effector molecule of the stringent response, a bacterial stress response that reprograms cell physiology during amino acid starvation, follow-up studies indicated that many effects of (p)ppGpp on cell physiology occur at levels that are lower than those needed to fully activate the stringent response, and that the repertoire of enzymes involved in (p)ppGpp metabolism is more diverse than initially thought. Of particular interest, (p)ppGpp regulation has been consistently linked to bacterial persistence and virulence, such that the scientific pursuit to discover molecules that interfere with (p)ppGpp signaling as a way to develop new antimicrobials has grown substantially in recent years. Here, we highlight contemporary studies that have further supported the intimate relationship of (p)ppGpp with bacterial virulence and studies that provided new insights into the different mechanisms by which (p)ppGpp modulates bacterial virulence.

The Treatment of Phthisis in Asylums by Urea and its Salts

1903 ◽  
Vol 49 (204) ◽  
pp. 52-70
Author(s):  
J. Lougheed Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Division I ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Division 2

There has been a considerable amount of attention called to the subject of phthisis in asylums lately, and since the publication of the report of the Tuberculosis Committee the subject has appeared in a broader light. Although much is being and has been done for the prevention of phthisis by means of the Sanatorium movement, and the varieties of the technique of hygiene which are included in that treatment, yet there are still many aspects of the disease (both in the sane and insane) which require precise investigation, such as the variations in the composition of the secretions and excretions when the body is in the state of phthisical toxæmia; the relationship of the tuberculous toxæmia to other toxæmias, such as the influenzal (27), gouty, etc.; the accumulation of toxins, and its relations to recurrent forms of disease. The number of deaths from tubercle here during the past year we find to be ten; in 1900 it was nine, and 1899 it was fifteen, so that from a percentage of 1.3 in 1899 it has dropped to 0'85 in 1901. On examining the position of this asylum in the tables drawn up by the Tuberculosis Committee (1) we find it tenth in the asylums in England and Wales which are classified under Division i, which asylums have a tubercular death-rate of from 0.5 to 2.2, the county asylum at Exminster having a percentage of 1.3. This compares favourably with other asylums, some in the Division 2 having a tubercular death-rate of 5.1 and 8 per cent. respectively.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

IV.—The Geological Development, Descent and Distribution of the Mammalia

1893 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl A. von Zittel
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
North And South America ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South ◽  
Animal World

In a spirited treatise on the ‘Origin of our Animal World’ Prof. L. Rütimeyer, in the year 1867, described the geological development and distribution of the mammalia, and the relationship of the different faunas of the past with each other and with that now existing. Although, since the appearance of that masterly sketch the palæontological material has been, at least, doubled through new discoveries in Europe and more especially in North and South America, this unexpected increase has in most instances only served as a confirmation of the views which Rutimeyer advanced on more limited experience. At present, Africa forms the only great gap in our knowledge of the fossil mammalia; all the remaining parts of the world can show materials more or less abundantly, from which the course followed by the mammalia in their geological development can be traced with approximate certainty.

scholarly journals Tocopherols and Tocotrienols—Bioactive Dietary Compounds; What Is Certain, What Is Doubt?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6222
Author(s):  
Kacper Szewczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Chojnacka ◽  
Magdalena Górnicka
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Tocopherols and tocotrienols are natural compounds of plant origin, available in the nature. They are supplied in various amounts in a diet, mainly from vegetable oils, some oilseeds, and nuts. The main forms in the diet are α- and γ-tocopherol, due to the highest content in food products. Nevertheless, α-tocopherol is the main form of vitamin E with the highest tissue concentration. The α- forms of both tocopherols and tocotrienols are considered as the most metabolically active. Currently, research results indicate also a greater antioxidant potential of tocotrienols than tocopherols. Moreover, the biological role of vitamin E metabolites have received increasing interest. The aim of this review is to update the knowledge of tocopherol and tocotrienol bioactivity, with a particular focus on their bioavailability, distribution, and metabolism determinants in humans. Almost one hundred years after the start of research on α-tocopherol, its biological properties are still under investigation. For several decades, researchers’ interest in the biological importance of other forms of vitamin E has also been growing. Some of the functions, for instance the antioxidant functions of α- and γ-tocopherols, have been confirmed in humans, while others, such as the relationship with metabolic disorders, are still under investigation. Some studies, which analyzed the biological role and mechanisms of tocopherols and tocotrienols over the past few years described new and even unexpected cellular and molecular properties that will be the subject of future research.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Functioning in Youth with Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Aliyah Snyder ◽  
Christopher Sheridan ◽  
Alexandra Tanner ◽  
Kevin Bickart ◽  
Molly Sullan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
End Tidal Co2

Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) may play an important role in the development and maintenance of persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS). Post-injury breathing dysfunction, which is influenced by the ANS, has not been well-studied in youth. This study evaluated cardiorespiratory functioning at baseline in youth patients with PPCS and examined the relationship of cardiorespiratory variables with neurobehavioral outcomes. Participants were between the ages of 13–25 in two groups: (1) Patients with PPCS (concussion within the past 2–16 months; n = 13) and (2) non-injured controls (n = 12). Capnometry was used to obtain end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), oxygen saturation (SaO2), respiration rate (RR), and pulse rate (PR) at seated rest. PPCS participants exhibited a reduced mean value of EtCO2 in exhaled breath (M = 36.3 mmHg, SD = 2.86 mmHg) and an altered inter-correlation between EtCO2 and RR compared to controls. Neurobehavioral outcomes including depression, severity of self-reported concussion symptoms, cognitive catastrophizing, and psychomotor processing speed were correlated with cardiorespiratory variables when the groups were combined. Overall, results from this study suggest that breathing dynamics may be altered in youth with PPCS and that cardiorespiratory outcomes could be related to a dimension of neurobehavioral outcomes associated with poorer recovery from concussion.

Teaching oral requests

Pragmatics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Petraki ◽  
Sarah Bayes
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Cultural Appropriateness ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Everyday Communication

Research in English language teaching has highlighted the importance of teaching communication skills in the language classroom. Against the backdrop of extensive research in everyday communication, the goal of this research was to explore whether current discourse analytic research is reflected in the lessons and communication examples of five English language teaching textbooks, by using spoken requests as the subject of investigation. The textbooks were evaluated on five criteria deriving from research on politeness, speech act theory and conversation analysis. These included whether and the extent to which the textbooks discussed the cultural appropriateness of requests, discussed the relationship of requests and other contextual factors, explained pre-sequences and re-requests and provided adequate practice activities. This study found that none of the coursebooks covered all of the criteria and that some coursebooks actually had very inadequate lessons. The results of the textbook analysis demonstrate that teachers using these five coursebooks and designers of future coursebooks must improve their lessons on requests by using pragmatics research and authentic examples as a guide.

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